This document presents research on the effect of natural rubber latex on the strength and workability of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete with metakaolin admixture. Cubes were cast with varying percentages of natural rubber latex (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) and tested for compressive strength and workability. Test results showed that compressive strength increased and workability decreased with the addition of natural rubber latex. Specifically, workability decreased marginally with up to 0.5% natural rubber latex but decreased suddenly above 0.5%. Therefore, the researchers restricted the natural rubber latex content to 0.5% to produce workable concrete.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Literature study on Ferro-Geopolymer Flat PanelsSuhail Shaikh
Hardened cementations paste made from fly ash and alkaline solution.
Combines waste products into useful product.
Setting mechanism depends on polymerization.
Curing temp is between 60-90oC.
Flat panels are being used in floor construction for low cost housing due to it’s low cost and good structural performance and are suitable for low cost roofing, pre-cast units and man-hole covers.
Pre cast panels are also used for the construction of domes , vaults, grid surface and folded plates
Performance evaluation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete subjected to freez...eSAT Journals
Abstract Durability is the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) proves to be durable material, which is effective in resisting the damage caused due to freezing and thawing due to synergistic performance of hybrid fibers. The objectives of the work described in this paper were aimed at comparing the relative strength of Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with that of mono fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and plain concrete without fibers (ref. mix) subjected to freezing and thawing. The combination of fibers used in the experimentation are (Steel + Polypropylene),(Steel +Galvanized Iron),(Steel + High density polyethylene).Strength parameters considered are compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength and tested as per relevant IS specifications. It has been concluded that the performance of hybrid fibers in concrete is better than that of mono fiber concrete for improved durability in resisting the destructive effect of freezing and thawing and also for strength enhancement. Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, freezing and thawing, frost action, synergic effect.
Self-compacting concrete is high performance concrete which is highly flowable, non-segregating, spread on its
own weight and doesn‟t need any compaction. This paper deals with flow and strength characteristics such as
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of Self-compacting concrete
with various percentages of waste plastic fibres like 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.20%, 1.3% and
1.4% is added by weight of cement. The mix proportion for M40 grade of concrete was done by using Nan Su
method (Cement: GGBS: Fine aggregate: Course aggregate 1: 0.705: 3.34: 2.62). Water powder (W/P) ratio
0.36, cement content 280kg/m3
, GGBS 220 kg/m3 was calculated and maintained as constant throughout the
experimental work for all eight mixes, only the superplastizers dosage was varied for different percentage of
fibres. In this experimental investigation one control mix and eight (8) different mixes were considered. Totally
81 Cube, beam, Cylindrical specimens and square plates were casted, cured and tested as per IS specifications.
For determining impact strength drop weight method was used. The results obtained indicate that fresh
(workability) characteristics satisfy the lower and upper limit as suggested by EFNARC. The tests on hardened
properties indicate that the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength was improved
proportionally with the addition of waste plastic fibers upto 1.0% by weight of cement and then decreases. The
impact strength improved proportionally with addition of fibres upto 1.2% by weight of cement and then
decreases
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
Disposal of tyre rubber is becoming a huge problem in India day by day.
Researchers are trying to use those rubber in civil engineering projects from long day
back. Crumb rubber replaced fine aggregate is qute a common practice now a days.
An attempt was made to replace 10% chipped rubber with coarse aggregate and
beams were casted with that concrete mix.They were tested to failure. Deflection,
ultimate load, first crack,stress vs strain,load vs deflection are all studied. Efforts
have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering
projects. This study can show an alternative way of recycling tyre by incorporating
them into concrete construction. Main focus was made on the behaviour of beam
made from recycled rubber chips .
Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Self - Healing Concrete Using I...IJERA Editor
Cracks in concrete are the main reason for a decreased service life of concrete structures. It is therefore more
advisable and economical to restrict the development of early age small cracks the moment they appear, than to
repair them after they have developed to large cracks. A promising way is to pre-add healing agents (Methyl
methacrylate) to the concrete to heal early age cracks when they appear, i.e. the so-called self-healing approach.
By this approach, Methyl methacrylate was used as self – healing agent and its self-healing capability was
confirmed by UPV test. In that self – healing concrete, Industrial Waste Steel Scrap and Polyethylene fiber were
added to evaluate its mechanical properties. The experimental results shown that the self – healing concrete
can yield high compressive strength when Polyethylene fiber was added and also yield high tensile strength by
adding Industrial waste steel scrap. Also, it is found to be economical by adding steel scrap in self – healing
concrete instead of steel fiber.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
Comparatives study of M20 grade conventional concrete pavement with M20 grade...IJSRD
This project work involves an experimental and laboratory study of the Polypropylene fibers with two types of admixtures those are Quarry dust and Fly ash on the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the rigid pavement. In this experimental study involves two types of concrete mixes were prepared individually. Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 3% with Quarry dust of 0.1% to 0.3% and Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 4% with Fly ash of 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement were added to the mixes. After that a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural properties. By the experimental work the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased both Polypropylene + Quarry dust and Polypropylene +Fly ash usage. It is observed that the optimum dosages of Polypropylene + Quarry dust is 3% + 0.3% Polypropylene +Fly ash is 4%+ 0.4% by weight of cement. In this project cost analysis is also determined for conventional concrete and fiber reinforced with admixtures individually using experimental test reports. By analyzing the cost it was found that Polypropylene reinforced concrete with quarry dust pavement is economical than Polypropylene reinforced concrete with Fly ash pavement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Literature study on Ferro-Geopolymer Flat PanelsSuhail Shaikh
Hardened cementations paste made from fly ash and alkaline solution.
Combines waste products into useful product.
Setting mechanism depends on polymerization.
Curing temp is between 60-90oC.
Flat panels are being used in floor construction for low cost housing due to it’s low cost and good structural performance and are suitable for low cost roofing, pre-cast units and man-hole covers.
Pre cast panels are also used for the construction of domes , vaults, grid surface and folded plates
Performance evaluation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete subjected to freez...eSAT Journals
Abstract Durability is the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) proves to be durable material, which is effective in resisting the damage caused due to freezing and thawing due to synergistic performance of hybrid fibers. The objectives of the work described in this paper were aimed at comparing the relative strength of Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with that of mono fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and plain concrete without fibers (ref. mix) subjected to freezing and thawing. The combination of fibers used in the experimentation are (Steel + Polypropylene),(Steel +Galvanized Iron),(Steel + High density polyethylene).Strength parameters considered are compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength and tested as per relevant IS specifications. It has been concluded that the performance of hybrid fibers in concrete is better than that of mono fiber concrete for improved durability in resisting the destructive effect of freezing and thawing and also for strength enhancement. Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, freezing and thawing, frost action, synergic effect.
Self-compacting concrete is high performance concrete which is highly flowable, non-segregating, spread on its
own weight and doesn‟t need any compaction. This paper deals with flow and strength characteristics such as
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of Self-compacting concrete
with various percentages of waste plastic fibres like 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.20%, 1.3% and
1.4% is added by weight of cement. The mix proportion for M40 grade of concrete was done by using Nan Su
method (Cement: GGBS: Fine aggregate: Course aggregate 1: 0.705: 3.34: 2.62). Water powder (W/P) ratio
0.36, cement content 280kg/m3
, GGBS 220 kg/m3 was calculated and maintained as constant throughout the
experimental work for all eight mixes, only the superplastizers dosage was varied for different percentage of
fibres. In this experimental investigation one control mix and eight (8) different mixes were considered. Totally
81 Cube, beam, Cylindrical specimens and square plates were casted, cured and tested as per IS specifications.
For determining impact strength drop weight method was used. The results obtained indicate that fresh
(workability) characteristics satisfy the lower and upper limit as suggested by EFNARC. The tests on hardened
properties indicate that the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength was improved
proportionally with the addition of waste plastic fibers upto 1.0% by weight of cement and then decreases. The
impact strength improved proportionally with addition of fibres upto 1.2% by weight of cement and then
decreases
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
Disposal of tyre rubber is becoming a huge problem in India day by day.
Researchers are trying to use those rubber in civil engineering projects from long day
back. Crumb rubber replaced fine aggregate is qute a common practice now a days.
An attempt was made to replace 10% chipped rubber with coarse aggregate and
beams were casted with that concrete mix.They were tested to failure. Deflection,
ultimate load, first crack,stress vs strain,load vs deflection are all studied. Efforts
have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering
projects. This study can show an alternative way of recycling tyre by incorporating
them into concrete construction. Main focus was made on the behaviour of beam
made from recycled rubber chips .
Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Self - Healing Concrete Using I...IJERA Editor
Cracks in concrete are the main reason for a decreased service life of concrete structures. It is therefore more
advisable and economical to restrict the development of early age small cracks the moment they appear, than to
repair them after they have developed to large cracks. A promising way is to pre-add healing agents (Methyl
methacrylate) to the concrete to heal early age cracks when they appear, i.e. the so-called self-healing approach.
By this approach, Methyl methacrylate was used as self – healing agent and its self-healing capability was
confirmed by UPV test. In that self – healing concrete, Industrial Waste Steel Scrap and Polyethylene fiber were
added to evaluate its mechanical properties. The experimental results shown that the self – healing concrete
can yield high compressive strength when Polyethylene fiber was added and also yield high tensile strength by
adding Industrial waste steel scrap. Also, it is found to be economical by adding steel scrap in self – healing
concrete instead of steel fiber.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
Comparatives study of M20 grade conventional concrete pavement with M20 grade...IJSRD
This project work involves an experimental and laboratory study of the Polypropylene fibers with two types of admixtures those are Quarry dust and Fly ash on the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the rigid pavement. In this experimental study involves two types of concrete mixes were prepared individually. Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 3% with Quarry dust of 0.1% to 0.3% and Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 4% with Fly ash of 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement were added to the mixes. After that a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural properties. By the experimental work the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased both Polypropylene + Quarry dust and Polypropylene +Fly ash usage. It is observed that the optimum dosages of Polypropylene + Quarry dust is 3% + 0.3% Polypropylene +Fly ash is 4%+ 0.4% by weight of cement. In this project cost analysis is also determined for conventional concrete and fiber reinforced with admixtures individually using experimental test reports. By analyzing the cost it was found that Polypropylene reinforced concrete with quarry dust pavement is economical than Polypropylene reinforced concrete with Fly ash pavement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Marsh Cone analysis of ternary blended mixes with retarding superAbdulRazakBH
Abstract - Cement-chemical admixture compatibility is an essential parameter to ensure desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. However compatibility of blended mixes with chemical admixtures will ensure economy in construction along with desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. The hydration of cement involves series of reactions, which mainly depend on the cement composition, the water / cement ratio, surface area, particle size distribution, temperature and admixtures. Admixtures when added in small quantities make the hydration process much more complex. In the present study double blended mixes are tested for fresh properties, optimum dosage of chemical admixtures and strength.
Key Words: GGBS,PCE based admixture, Alccofine, Compatibility
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly
cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies
have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement
materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume
and fly ash concrete. This work primarily deals with the strength characteristics such as compressive, Split
tensile and flexural strength. High performance concrete a set of 7 different concrete mixture were cast and
tested with different cement replacement levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and15%) of Fly ash (FA) with
silica fume (SF) as addition ( 0%,5%,10 % ,15% ,25and 30%) by wt of Cement and/or each trial super
plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with
a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30.Specimens were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14
and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and
28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica, FlyAsh and cement
were determined. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash
replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45%
led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete. This study has shown that between 15 to
22.5% replacement levels, concrete will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes. Its use will lead
to a reduction in cement quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the
construction industry as well as aid economic construction.
Keywords: Durability, Fly Ash, High performance Concrete, Silica Fume/Micro Silica, Density, water
absorption
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex Proofs
El33827831
1. Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade, Sri. K. Munirathnam, Dr.H. Sudarsana Rao / International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.827-831
827 | P a g e
Effect of natural rubber latex on strength and workability of fibre
reinforced high-performance - concrete with metakaolin
admixture
Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade*, Sri. K. Munirathnam**, Dr.H. Sudarsana
Rao***
*( Associate Professor, Head Of Civil Engineering Dept., JNTUA College Of Engineering, Anantapur-
515002,)
**( Research Scholar, J.N.T.U.A, Anantapur – 515002,)
***(Professor Of Civil Engineering & Rector, J.N.T. University, Anantapur-515002,)
Abstract
To increase the applications of Natural
Rubber Latex Modified Fiber Reinforced High-
Performance-Concrete (NRLMFRHPC) in
India, greater understanding of NRLMFRHPC
produced with locally available materials such
as cement , Fine aggregates , coarse aggregates,
Metakaolin and Crimped Steel fibers is
essential. In the present investigation,
NRLMFRHPC has been produced with locally
available aggregates and mineral admixture
(Metakaolin) and Natural Rubber Latex based
NRLMFRHPC mixes were designed by absolute
volume method. Cubes of 150X150X150 mm in
dimension were cast and cured for 28 days and
then tested for compressive strength to assess
the strength characteristics of NRLMFRHPC.
Workability has been measured by conducting
compaction factor test on fresh NRLMFRHPC
mixes. The experimental results indicate that
Natural Rubber Latex can be utilized in
producing durable Fiber Reinforced High-
Performance-Concrete. The various results
which indicate the effect of Steel Fibers and
Natural Rubber Latex on the strength and
workability characteristics of high-
performance-concrete are presented in this
paper to draw useful conclusions.
Keywords: Metakaoline, Natural Rubber Latex,
Steel Fibers, High Performance Concrete.
1. Introduction
The idea that concrete can be strengthened
by fiber inclusion was first put forward by Porter in
1910, but little progress was made in its
development till 1963.The weak matrix in the
concrete, when reinforced with steel fibers,
uniformly distributed across its entire mass, gets
strengthened enormously, thereby rendering the
matrix to behave as a composite material with
properties significantly different from conventional
concrete. Generally the ACI Committee Report No
ACI 554 Guide for specifying, mixing, placing and
finishing of steel fiber reinforced concrete is
followed for the design of SFRC mixes appropriate
to specific applications. Fiber Reinforced HPC,
new generation concrete, results from the addition
of either short discrete fibers or continuous long
fibers to the cement based matrix. Due to the
superior performance characteristics of this
concrete, its use by the construction industry has
significantly increased. A very good guide to
various Portland cement-based composites as well
as their constituent materials is available in a
recently published book [Balaguru and Shah,
1992].
The latex modified concrete is defined as
Portland cement and aggregate combined at the
time of mixing with organic polymers that are
dispersed in water. This dispersion is called a latex.
The organic polymer is a substance composed of
thousands of simple molecules known as
monomars. The reaction that combines the
monomars is called polymerization. When latex is
used in mixes with port land cement, aggregates,
and water, fresh concrete is produced with
consistency and workability characteristics only
slightly different from conventional concrete. After
curing, the latex-modified concrete (LMC) consists
of hydrated cement and Aggregate, all
interconnected by a continuous film of latex. It is in
part this continuous film which imparts the superior
physical and chemical properties to latex-modified
concrete [Kuhlmann, 1980]. Some indication of
how latex systems function to modify the internal
structure of cement paste and concrete has been
provided by Ohama, [1984]
Walters [1990] and Kuhulman [1985]
opined that latex modified cement mortars and
concretes are attractive because the latex addition
substantially increases the flexural strength and the
compressive strength. . On the other hand fiber-
reinforced mortars and concretes are attractive
2. Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade, Sri. K. Munirathnam, Dr.H. Sudarsana Rao / International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.827-831
828 | P a g e
because the fiber addition substantially increases
the flexural toughness and in some cases it
increases the flexural strength and therefore it is
appropriate to combine these two methods.
Ohama [1973] has studied extensively the
properties and proportioning of polymer modified
mortars. The same author dealt with the systems in
both mortars and concretes. Polymer dispersions
are added to mortars and concretes to improve
certain desired properties of the final product
including improved bond strength to concrete
substrates, increased flexibility (ductility) impact
resistance, improved resistance to penetration by
water, dissolved salts and improved resistance to
frost action [ Amdur,1988].
However due to increasing demand in the
concrete industry to serve the needs of construction
field, researchers are responding positively by
proposing new formulations using other materials.
In this Connection incorporating a polymer
material, Natural Rubber Latex into the concrete
has to some extent contributed to this demand in
the society. The reason for usage of polymers in the
concretes is they have good binding properties and
good adhesion with aggregates. They have long –
chain structure, which helps in developing long-
range network structure of bonding. In contrast
cement materials provide short-range structure of
bonding. As a result polymer materials usually
provide superior compressive strength to the
concrete. Some polymer materials may selectively
provide higher tensile and flexural strength to the
structure compared to compressive strength. In
addition they provide good adhesion to other
material as well as resistance to physical damage
(abrasion, erosion, impact) and chemical attack.
When the performance of concrete is substantially
higher than that of normal type concrete, such
concrete is regarded as High Performance Concrete
(HPC). Concrete may be regarded has high
performance for several different reasons: High
strength, High workability, High durability-and
perhaps also improved visual appearance. For the
first time in 1932, synthetic rubber (instead of
natural rubber) latex was used for the latex-
modified systems. In 1933, synthetic resin latexes
(including polyvinyl acetate latexes) were used in
the modified systems, and by the end of the 1930
the inventions clearly suggested that all types of
polymers (natural or synthetic, elastomers or
plastomers) could be used in polymer-modification.
Since the late 1940s, latex-modified concretes have
been used to various applications such as bridges,
paving flooring, anti-corrosives, adhesives and
deck coverings for ships. Stevens in 1948 and
Griffiths in 1951 conducted feasibility studies on
the applications of natural rubber modified
systems. Ohama [1984] investigated the principle
of latex modification and some typical properties of
latex-modified concrete. He found the latex
modification improved the properties. The
hardened latex-modified concretes developed good
strength, adhesion, pore structure, impermeability
and durability (freeze thaw resistance, chloride
penetration resistance, carbonation resistance and
weather ability)
In order to achieve the high strength a
detailed experimental investigation on Metakaolin
based Natural Rubber Latex Modified Fiber
Reinforced High Performance Concrete
(NRLMFRHPC) has been planned. Metakaolin is
used as a mineral admixture; Natural rubber latex
polymer is used as an additive. In the production of
HPC polymer based chemical super plasticizers are
generally used to improve the flow properties and
to reduce the water-binder ratio. However in the
present work, it is proposed to use the naturally
available polymer i.e. Natural Rubber Latex (NRL)
in the production of HPC and steel fibers of an
aspect ratio 50 are added to improve the strength
and durability. The physical properties of each
material which are used in the research program are
presented.
2. Experimental Program
In order to study the behavior of
NRLMFRHPC and also to understand the effect of
natural rubber latex on Metakaoline based
NRLMFRHPC, a total number of 81 mixes have
been tried. In all the mixes the same type of
aggregate i.e. crushed granite aggregate, river sand
has been used. The proportion of cement, sand and
aggregate has been maintained same for all mixes.
These relative proportions have been obtained by
absolute volume method. Ordinary Portland cement
of 53 Grade from a single batch has been used. The
test program consisted of conducting Compressive
strength test on cubes and workability test on fresh
concrete.
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grades
conforming to ISI standards has been procured and
the properties of the cement are investigated in the
laboratory. The cement satisfies the requirements
as per I.S 12269-1987.
2.1.2 Fine Aggregate
The locally available river sand
conforming to grading zone-II of IS 383-1970 has
been used as Fine Aggregate. The Specific Gravity
of fine aggregates is 2.69 with a fineness modulus
of 2.77.
2.1.3 Coarse Aggregate
a) The locally available crushed granite material
has been used as coarse Aggregate. The
Specific Gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.76
and Fineness modulus is 6.99
3. Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade, Sri. K. Munirathnam, Dr.H. Sudarsana Rao / International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.827-831
829 | P a g e
2.1.4 Steel fibers (S.F)
Fiber is a small piece of reinforcing
material which has certain characteristic properties.
It can be either circular or flat. Plain concrete
possesses a very low tensile strength ,limited
ductility and little resistance to cracking internal
micro cracks are inherently present in the concrete
and its poor tensile strength is due to the
propagation of micro cracks leads to brittle fracture
of the concrete. Although every type of fibers are
suitable in cement and concrete not all of them can
be effectively and economically used. Each type of
fiber has its own characteristic properties and
limitations. The fibers which could be used in the
concretes are steel fibers, polypropylene, nylon,
asbestos, coir, glass and carbon. In this
investigation crimped steel fibers have been used.
The diameter of fibers is 0.6mm and the Aspect
ratio is 50.
2.1.5 Rubber Latex
Natural Rubber latex: The Natural
Rubber latex is collected from ASSOCIATED
LATEX (INDIA) LIMITED having its
Administrative Office at P.B. NO.1117, Beach
Road, Calicut. The properties of Natural Rubber
Latex are presented in Table 1
S.No Property Rubber latex
1 Colour White
2 Total Solid Content (% By Weight) 61.5 Max
3 Dry Rubber Content (% By Weight) 60 Min
4 Non Rubber solid content 1.50 Max
5 KOH Number 0.55 Max
6 Ammonia content , NH3 % 0.70 Max
7 Mechanical stability time 600 TO 1200
8 Volatile Fatty Acid Number 0.10 Max
9 Magnesium Content 8
10 PH 10.4 Min
11 Coagulum Content , % By Mass 0.01 Max
12 Sludge Content, % By Mass 0.01 Max
13 Copper content As PPM 5
14 IRON content As ppm 8
15 Particle size of Rubber latex 0.2 m
16 Specific Gravity of Rubber latex 0.94
Table 1 Physical properties of Rubber latex
2.1.6 Metakaolin
The mineral Admixture Metakaolin is
obtained from VADODARA IN GUJARAT,
INDIA. The Metakaolin is in conformity with the
general requirements of pozzolana. The Specific
Gravity of Metakaolin is 2.6 and its average
particle size is 1.5 um The Specific surface area is
15 m2/gm. The pozzolonic reactivity of Metakaolin
is 1050 mg of Ca (oh) 2/
2.1.7 Water
Clean potable fresh water, which is free
from concentration of acid and organic substances,
has been used for mixing the concrete.
3. Fabrications and Casting
Cubes were cast in steel moulds of inner
dimensions of 150 x 150 x 150mm for every mix.
The cement, sand and Metakaolin were mixed
thoroughly by manually. Then steel fiber is added
to the above mixture. For all test specimens,
moulds were kept on table vibrator and the
concrete was poured into the moulds in three layers
by tamping with a tamping rod and the vibration
was effected by table vibrator after filling up the
moulds. The moulds are kept in vibration for one
minute and it was maintained constant for all the
specimens. Six cubes were cast for each mix.
4. Curing
The moulds were removed after 24 hours
and the specimens were kept immersed in a clear
water tank. After curing the specimens in water for
a period of 28 days the specimens were removed
out and allowed to dry under shade
5. Results and Discussion
0.325 0.350 0.375 0.400 0.425
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
RL 0.00%
RL 0.25%
RL 0.50%
RL 0.75%
A/B=2.0, SF=1.00
W/B RATIO
COMPACTIONFACTOR
Fig 1 Compaction Factor vs. W/B ratio for
Metakaoline based NRLMFRHPC (S.F=1.00)
4. Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade, Sri. K. Munirathnam, Dr.H. Sudarsana Rao / International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.827-831
830 | P a g e
0.325 0.350 0.375 0.400 0.425
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
A/B=2.0, SF=1.00 RL 0.00%
RL 0.25%
RL 0.50%
RL 0.75%
W/B RATIO
VEE-BEETIME(SEC)
Fig 2 Vee - Bee time vs. W/B ratio for Metakaoline based
NRLMFRHPC (SF=1.00)
Observing from Fig 1, it can be noticed
that the compaction factor of NRLMFRHPC mixes
increases with increase in w/b ratio and decreases
with increase in the percentage of rubber latex
indicating a decrease in workability. For 0% rubber
latex at w/b ratio 0.325, A/B ratio 2.0 the
compaction factor observed is 0.76. When the
percentage of rubber latex is increased to o.25%,
the compaction factor observed is 0.75. Similarly
the compaction factor at 0.5% of rubber latex is
0.74. But further increase in the percentage of
rubber latex from 0.5% to 0.75% the compaction
factor observed is 0.72 which shows that the
decrease in compaction factor is marginal up to
0.5% of rubber latex after that the sudden decrease
in compaction factor is observed. This indicates
that the decrease in workability is marginal up to
0.5%. Hence in this investigation the percentage of
rubber latex is restricted to 0.5% in order to make
workable concrete.
Observing from Fig 2 it can be noticed
that the Vee-Bee time of NRLMFRHPC mixes
decreases with increase in w/b ratio and increases
with increase in the percentage of rubber latex
indicating a decrease in workability. For 0% rubber
latex at w/b ratio 0.325, A/B ratio 2.0, the Vee-Bee
time observed is 8.0 seconds. When the percentage
of rubber latex increased to 0.25% the Vee-Bee
time observed is 8.5. Similarly the Vee-Bee time at
0.5% of rubber latex is 9.0. But further increase in
the percentage of rubber latex from 0.5% to 0.75%
the Vee-Bee time observed is 9.4 which shows that
the increase in Vee-Bee time is marginal up to
0.5% of rubber latex after that the sudden increase
in Vee-Bee time is observed, which indicates the
decrease in workability up to 0.5% is marginal.
Hence it is recommended that 0.5% of rubber latex
may be adopted in order to make workable Fiber
reinforced High performance concrete.
5.1 Effect of Rubber Latex and Steel Fibers on
cube compressive strength of NRLMFRHPC
Fig 3 Variation of 28-Days Compressive
Strength with % of Rubber latex (R.L) .
Fig 4 Variation of 28-Days Compressive
Strength with % of W/B Ratio for 1% of Steel
fibers (S.F) .
From Fig.3 and 4 it can be observed that the
Compressive Strength increases with percentage
increase in Rubber Latex up to 0.5% only. Further
increase in percentage of R.L the Compressive
strength starts decreasing. .At 0.5% RL and 1.0%
5. Dr. Vaishali.G.Ghorpade, Sri. K. Munirathnam, Dr.H. Sudarsana Rao / International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.827-831
831 | P a g e
SF with W/B 0.325and A/B =2.0 the compressive
strength observed is 103.67 MPa. The increase in
percentage of rubber latex from 0.5% to 0.75% the
decrease in compressive strength is observed.
Similarly the percentage of Steel fibers increases
the compressive strength is increased. As the
percentage of steel fibers increases from 0.0 % to
1.0 %, the compressive strength is increasing.
Although the compressive strength is increased
with the percentage increase in steel fibers, the
maximum percentage of steel fibers is restricted to
1.0% in order to avoid lumping of fibers during
mixing. Hence it can be concluded that the
maximum value of compressive strength is
achieved at RL is 0.50% .
6. Conclusions
From the experimental work carried out
and the analysis of the results following
conclusions seem to be valid with respect to the
utilization of Natural Rubber Latex and steel fibers
in the production of NRLMFRHPC.
Compaction factor: workability of
NRLMFRHPC mixes decreases with increase
in the percentage of Natural Rubber Latex and
steel fiber
It is observed that, at 0.5 % of rubber latex ,
the decrease in the compaction factor is very
much marginal. i.e. about 10.71%. Also it is
observed that these mixes are quite cohesive
even at lower water-binder ratio of 0.325
because of the polymer (Natural Rubber
Latex) used in the mix. Hence, it can be
concluded that 0.5 % of Rubber latex and 1.0
% of steel fiber can be used in the production
of NRLMFRHPC with sufficient workability.
The compressive strength of NRLMFRHPC
mixes increases up to 0.5% dosage of Natural
Rubber Latex. There after a decrease in
compressive strength is observed.
The 28-day compressive strength of
NRLMFRHPC mixes increases with increase
in percentage of Rubber latex up to 0.5%. It
can further be observed that the maximum
compressive strength of 103.67 MPa is
achieved at 0.5 % dosage of natural rubber
latex and 1.0 % of steel fiber at water binder
ratio of 0.325.
References
[1] ACI Committee 440. 1996. State-of-the-
Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Plastic
(FRP) for Concrete Structures (ACI
440R). ACI Manual of Concrete Practice,
Part 5, American Concrete Institute,
Detroit, MI, 68 pp.
[2] P. N. Balaguru and S. P. Shah. 1992.
Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites.
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992
[3] Kuhlmann, L.A [1981] performance
History of Latex-Modified Concrete
Overlays, Applications of polymer
Concrete, ACT SP-69,1981,ppt 123-144.
[4] Ohama, Y, "Chapter 7, Polymer-Modified
Mortars and Concretes”, Concrete
Admixtures Handbook, Properties,
Science, and Technology, Editor: V.S.
Ramachandran, Noyes Publications, Park
Ridge, New Jersey, 1984, p.
[5] Bhatty, JI. J Gajda, PE. Botha, F. and
MM Bryant, PG. 2006. Utilization of
Discarded Fly Ash as a Raw Material in
the Production of Portland cement. Journal
of ASTM International, Vol. 3, No. 10,
pp.
[6] Goh, Chia-Chia., Show, Kuan-Yeow and
Cheong, Hee-Kiat. 2003. Municipal Solid
Waste Fly Ash as a Blended Cement
Material. Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 513-53-
23.
[7] Gopalakrishna, S., Raja mane, N.P.,
Neelamegam, M., Peter, J.A. and
Dattatreya, J.K. 2001. Effect of partial
replacement of cement with fly ash on the
strength and durability of HPC. The
Indian Concrete Journal, pp. 335-341.
[8] Hassan, K.E., Cabrera, J.G., and Maliehe,
R.S. 2000. The Effect of Mineral
Admixtures on the Properties of High-
Performance Concrete. Cement &
Concrete Composites, Vol. 22, pp. 267-
271.
[9] Isaia, G. C., Gastaldini, A. L. G. and
Moraes, R. 2003, Physical and pozzolanic
action of mineral additions on the
mechanical strength of high-performance
concrete, Cement & Concrete Composites,
Vol. 25, pp. 69-76.
[10] Jerath, Sukhvarsh P.E. and Hanson,
Nicholas. 2007. Effect of Fly Ash Content
and Aggregate Gradation on the
Durability of Concrete Pavements. Journal
of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 19,
No. 5, pp. 367-375.
[11] Long, Guangcheng. Wang, Xinyou and
Xie, You Jun. 2002. Very-High-
Performance Concrete with Ultra-fine
Powders. Cement and Concrete Research,
Vol. 32, pp. 601-605.
[12] Uzal, B. and Turanli, L. 2003, Studies on
blended cements containing a high volume
of natural Pozzolans, Cement and
Concrete Research, Vol. 33, pp. 1777-
1781.
[13] Wang, Shuxin and Li, Victor C. 2007.
Engineered Cementitious Composites with
High Voume Fly Ash, Materials Journal
of ACI, Vol.104,No.3,pp.233-241