The document discusses the flow and strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with the addition of various percentages of waste plastic fibers. Eight mixes were prepared with fiber contents ranging from 0% to 1.4% by weight of cement. The mixes were tested to determine workability (slump flow, T50cm, V-funnel, J-ring, L-box), compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The results showed that the workability was within specified limits and strengths generally increased with fiber content up to 1.0% before decreasing, while impact strength increased up to 1.2% fiber content. The study demonstrated that waste plastic fibers can be used to improve various
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Effects of coconut fibers on the properties of concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
The materials chosen for structural up gradation should not pollute the environment and endanger bioreserves. They should be accessible to the ordinary people and be low in monetary cost. Coconut fiber is an abundant, versatile, renewable, cheap, lignocellulosic fiber and more resistant to thermal conductivity. The aim of investigation is to study the possibilities to use the coconut fiber in addition to the other constituents of concrete and to study the strength properties. A literature survey was carried out, which indicates that the detailed investigation of coconut fiber concrete is necessary. In the present study the deformation properties of concrete beams with fibers under static loading condition and the behavior of structural components in terms of compressive strength for plain concrete(PC) and coconut fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC) has been studied.
The testing of various material constituents of concrete was carried out according to the Indian Standard specifications. To identify the effects on workability and mechanical strength properties due to the addition of these coconut fibres, workability tests such slump, vee – bee, compaction factor test, Flow table tests, and the mechanical strength tests on standard specimens such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture were conducted on the different aspect ratio. The standard cubes, cylinders and beams for conventional concrete and coconut fiber reinforced concrete were prepared and tested under compression testing machine and flexure testing machine respectively. The suitability of CFRC as a structural material is studied, in comparison with conventional concrete.
Keywords: CFRC1, Concrete properties2, Coir3.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Effects of coconut fibers on the properties of concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
The materials chosen for structural up gradation should not pollute the environment and endanger bioreserves. They should be accessible to the ordinary people and be low in monetary cost. Coconut fiber is an abundant, versatile, renewable, cheap, lignocellulosic fiber and more resistant to thermal conductivity. The aim of investigation is to study the possibilities to use the coconut fiber in addition to the other constituents of concrete and to study the strength properties. A literature survey was carried out, which indicates that the detailed investigation of coconut fiber concrete is necessary. In the present study the deformation properties of concrete beams with fibers under static loading condition and the behavior of structural components in terms of compressive strength for plain concrete(PC) and coconut fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC) has been studied.
The testing of various material constituents of concrete was carried out according to the Indian Standard specifications. To identify the effects on workability and mechanical strength properties due to the addition of these coconut fibres, workability tests such slump, vee – bee, compaction factor test, Flow table tests, and the mechanical strength tests on standard specimens such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture were conducted on the different aspect ratio. The standard cubes, cylinders and beams for conventional concrete and coconut fiber reinforced concrete were prepared and tested under compression testing machine and flexure testing machine respectively. The suitability of CFRC as a structural material is studied, in comparison with conventional concrete.
Keywords: CFRC1, Concrete properties2, Coir3.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete subjected to freez...eSAT Journals
Abstract Durability is the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) proves to be durable material, which is effective in resisting the damage caused due to freezing and thawing due to synergistic performance of hybrid fibers. The objectives of the work described in this paper were aimed at comparing the relative strength of Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with that of mono fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and plain concrete without fibers (ref. mix) subjected to freezing and thawing. The combination of fibers used in the experimentation are (Steel + Polypropylene),(Steel +Galvanized Iron),(Steel + High density polyethylene).Strength parameters considered are compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength and tested as per relevant IS specifications. It has been concluded that the performance of hybrid fibers in concrete is better than that of mono fiber concrete for improved durability in resisting the destructive effect of freezing and thawing and also for strength enhancement. Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, freezing and thawing, frost action, synergic effect.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using Waste Plastic Scrap Mat...ijtsrd
Investigations were done on M 30grade concrete by replacing coarse aggregate partially by plastic fiber to get maximum strength. This work presents the Strength and workability results of waste plastic fiber reinforced concrete WPFRC . The different percentages of waste plastic fiber reinforced concrete used in the experimentation are 0 , 0.5 , 1 , and 2 by partial replacement of coarse aggregate using plastic fiber This Study presents the satisfactory results on various strength tests of concrete containing plastic fiber as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate and would help to resolve solid waste disposal problem. However, further research work is still necessary in order to have a more in depth understanding. Mahendra Yadav | Pratiksha Malviya ""An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using Waste Plastic Scrap Materials as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25195.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25195/an-experimental-study-on-properties-of-concrete-using-waste-plastic-scrap-materials-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregate/mahendra-yadav
Study Of Characteristics Strength of Concrete with Admixtures by Flexural and...IJERA Editor
Concrete is widely used in structural engineering with its high compressive strength, low cost and abandoned raw material, but common concrete has some deficiency, such as shrinkage and cracking, low tensile strength and flexural strength, high brittleness, that restrict its applications. To overcome these deficiencies’ additional materials are added to improve the performance of the concrete. Super plasticizer is a chemical added to conventional concrete mix that makes the concrete more workable and it can be placed easily. The aim of this project work to study the characteristics strengths of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, diametric strength and tensile strength by disc bending test. For the experimental work normal concrete M 40 has to be prepared and characteristics strength such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength have to be achieved. This strength has to be performed after 7 days and 28 days curing. After that in addition of super plasticizer the study of the strength have to be performed with various % of plasticizer such as 0.60% to 1.2 % by the weight of cement and study of strength of concrete have to be performed at 7 days and 28 days. A relative comparison of the strength of the concrete with addition of admixtures with normal concrete can be study.
Some Studies on Mode-Ii Fracture Of Artificial Light Weight Wood Ash Pelletiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Disposal of tyre rubber is becoming a huge problem in India day by day.
Researchers are trying to use those rubber in civil engineering projects from long day
back. Crumb rubber replaced fine aggregate is qute a common practice now a days.
An attempt was made to replace 10% chipped rubber with coarse aggregate and
beams were casted with that concrete mix.They were tested to failure. Deflection,
ultimate load, first crack,stress vs strain,load vs deflection are all studied. Efforts
have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering
projects. This study can show an alternative way of recycling tyre by incorporating
them into concrete construction. Main focus was made on the behaviour of beam
made from recycled rubber chips .
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF COIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Conventional concrete is robust in compression and weak in tension in order to swamp the weakness natural fibre is being equipped. The adoption of inherent fibres as edifice constituents is boon to procure a livable production. The comprehensive mission of this exploration is to stake out the discernible inspection of natural fibre in concrete structure. The coir fibre freshly tempted an influence as a workable fibre composite material, due to certain precise mechanical property which can be compared to artificial fibre. The coir fibre is treated using natural fluid before using in concrete, so that it is not be affected by moisture content presented in concrete. In this tentative study coir fibre is extant consumed in concrete thereby, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of M30Grade concrete and by capricious the spoonful of fibre gratified from0%, 2% 4%,6% and 8%. Stimulation should be given for the appliance of natural fibres which are regionally procurable materials, in the domain of civil engineering.
Comparatives study of M20 grade conventional concrete pavement with M20 grade...IJSRD
This project work involves an experimental and laboratory study of the Polypropylene fibers with two types of admixtures those are Quarry dust and Fly ash on the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the rigid pavement. In this experimental study involves two types of concrete mixes were prepared individually. Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 3% with Quarry dust of 0.1% to 0.3% and Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 4% with Fly ash of 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement were added to the mixes. After that a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural properties. By the experimental work the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased both Polypropylene + Quarry dust and Polypropylene +Fly ash usage. It is observed that the optimum dosages of Polypropylene + Quarry dust is 3% + 0.3% Polypropylene +Fly ash is 4%+ 0.4% by weight of cement. In this project cost analysis is also determined for conventional concrete and fiber reinforced with admixtures individually using experimental test reports. By analyzing the cost it was found that Polypropylene reinforced concrete with quarry dust pavement is economical than Polypropylene reinforced concrete with Fly ash pavement.
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete subjected to freez...eSAT Journals
Abstract Durability is the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) proves to be durable material, which is effective in resisting the damage caused due to freezing and thawing due to synergistic performance of hybrid fibers. The objectives of the work described in this paper were aimed at comparing the relative strength of Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with that of mono fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and plain concrete without fibers (ref. mix) subjected to freezing and thawing. The combination of fibers used in the experimentation are (Steel + Polypropylene),(Steel +Galvanized Iron),(Steel + High density polyethylene).Strength parameters considered are compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength and tested as per relevant IS specifications. It has been concluded that the performance of hybrid fibers in concrete is better than that of mono fiber concrete for improved durability in resisting the destructive effect of freezing and thawing and also for strength enhancement. Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, freezing and thawing, frost action, synergic effect.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using Waste Plastic Scrap Mat...ijtsrd
Investigations were done on M 30grade concrete by replacing coarse aggregate partially by plastic fiber to get maximum strength. This work presents the Strength and workability results of waste plastic fiber reinforced concrete WPFRC . The different percentages of waste plastic fiber reinforced concrete used in the experimentation are 0 , 0.5 , 1 , and 2 by partial replacement of coarse aggregate using plastic fiber This Study presents the satisfactory results on various strength tests of concrete containing plastic fiber as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate and would help to resolve solid waste disposal problem. However, further research work is still necessary in order to have a more in depth understanding. Mahendra Yadav | Pratiksha Malviya ""An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using Waste Plastic Scrap Materials as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25195.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25195/an-experimental-study-on-properties-of-concrete-using-waste-plastic-scrap-materials-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregate/mahendra-yadav
Study Of Characteristics Strength of Concrete with Admixtures by Flexural and...IJERA Editor
Concrete is widely used in structural engineering with its high compressive strength, low cost and abandoned raw material, but common concrete has some deficiency, such as shrinkage and cracking, low tensile strength and flexural strength, high brittleness, that restrict its applications. To overcome these deficiencies’ additional materials are added to improve the performance of the concrete. Super plasticizer is a chemical added to conventional concrete mix that makes the concrete more workable and it can be placed easily. The aim of this project work to study the characteristics strengths of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, diametric strength and tensile strength by disc bending test. For the experimental work normal concrete M 40 has to be prepared and characteristics strength such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength have to be achieved. This strength has to be performed after 7 days and 28 days curing. After that in addition of super plasticizer the study of the strength have to be performed with various % of plasticizer such as 0.60% to 1.2 % by the weight of cement and study of strength of concrete have to be performed at 7 days and 28 days. A relative comparison of the strength of the concrete with addition of admixtures with normal concrete can be study.
Some Studies on Mode-Ii Fracture Of Artificial Light Weight Wood Ash Pelletiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Disposal of tyre rubber is becoming a huge problem in India day by day.
Researchers are trying to use those rubber in civil engineering projects from long day
back. Crumb rubber replaced fine aggregate is qute a common practice now a days.
An attempt was made to replace 10% chipped rubber with coarse aggregate and
beams were casted with that concrete mix.They were tested to failure. Deflection,
ultimate load, first crack,stress vs strain,load vs deflection are all studied. Efforts
have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering
projects. This study can show an alternative way of recycling tyre by incorporating
them into concrete construction. Main focus was made on the behaviour of beam
made from recycled rubber chips .
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF COIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Conventional concrete is robust in compression and weak in tension in order to swamp the weakness natural fibre is being equipped. The adoption of inherent fibres as edifice constituents is boon to procure a livable production. The comprehensive mission of this exploration is to stake out the discernible inspection of natural fibre in concrete structure. The coir fibre freshly tempted an influence as a workable fibre composite material, due to certain precise mechanical property which can be compared to artificial fibre. The coir fibre is treated using natural fluid before using in concrete, so that it is not be affected by moisture content presented in concrete. In this tentative study coir fibre is extant consumed in concrete thereby, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of M30Grade concrete and by capricious the spoonful of fibre gratified from0%, 2% 4%,6% and 8%. Stimulation should be given for the appliance of natural fibres which are regionally procurable materials, in the domain of civil engineering.
Comparatives study of M20 grade conventional concrete pavement with M20 grade...IJSRD
This project work involves an experimental and laboratory study of the Polypropylene fibers with two types of admixtures those are Quarry dust and Fly ash on the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the rigid pavement. In this experimental study involves two types of concrete mixes were prepared individually. Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 3% with Quarry dust of 0.1% to 0.3% and Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 4% with Fly ash of 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement were added to the mixes. After that a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural properties. By the experimental work the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased both Polypropylene + Quarry dust and Polypropylene +Fly ash usage. It is observed that the optimum dosages of Polypropylene + Quarry dust is 3% + 0.3% Polypropylene +Fly ash is 4%+ 0.4% by weight of cement. In this project cost analysis is also determined for conventional concrete and fiber reinforced with admixtures individually using experimental test reports. By analyzing the cost it was found that Polypropylene reinforced concrete with quarry dust pavement is economical than Polypropylene reinforced concrete with Fly ash pavement.
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
Abstract Slip form paving has been extensively used worldwide for construction of pavements. During the process of paving, concrete mix with a slump less than 50 mm is placed in front of a paver. Because of the low consistency of the mix, a great deal of vibration is needed to move entrapped air and compact the concrete. There is a need to overcome problem by designing a concrete that would not require vibration to compact the concrete mix, at the same time stability after extrusion and high flexural strength. Mix design based on the absolute volume concept was adopted to fabricate SFSCC. Volume of paste of 0.38 and water content of 200 kg/m3 was kept constant throughout the study. Cement content was varied from 360 to 425 kg/m3, 3 mixes of SCC with GGBS (SFSCC-S), 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of alccofine replaced by cement (SFSCC-SA) and 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of metakaolin replaced by cement (SFSCC-SM) is reported. The quantity of polypropylene fibers used in all the mixes was 900 gm/m3. Slump, spread, green strength and compaction factor were evaluated for all the 9 mixes. To simulate the practical construction process, a mini paver system was fabricated. The strength parameters compressive and flexural strength of concrete was evaluated at 7 days and 28 days. Keywords: Slip form paving, alccofine, SCC, GGBS, metakaolin, SFSCC, SP.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
Recycled aggregates consist of crushed, graded inorganic particles processed from the material that have been used in the constructions and demolition debris. The target of the present thesis work is to determine the strength characteristic of recycled aggregates for the application in concrete pavement construction. The scope of the thesis is to determine and compare the compressive strength, flexural strength and sulphate resistance of concrete by using different percentages of recycled aggregates. The investigation was carried out by using workability test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and sulphate resistance test. A total of five mixes with replacement of coarse aggregates with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% recycled coarse aggregates were studied. The water cement ratio was kept constant at 0.38. It was observed that workability of concrete was decreased with the increase in recycled aggregates in concrete. For the strength characteristics, the results showed that the strengths of recycled aggregate concrete was comparable to the strengths of natural aggregates concrete. Munesh Kumar | Sumesh Jain"Use of Demorlished Concrete in Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2369.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2369/use-of-demorlished-concrete-in-pavement/munesh-kumar
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
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1. Mrs. Vijaya G.S.et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, (Part - 5) May 2016, pp.27-31
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Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete
Mrs. Vijaya G.S Assistant Professor 1
, Dr.Vaishali G. Ghorpade 2
,
Dr. H Sudarsana Rao.3
1
Asst prof of Civil Engineering, Govt. Sri Krishnarajendra Silver Jubilee Technological Institute, Bangalore-
560001, Karnataka, INDIA.
2
Prof. of civil Engg., JNTU College of Engg., Ananthpuramu-515002 Andra Pradesh INDIA.
3
Professor& Vice-Chancellor (i/c),Department of Civil Engineering,Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University , Anantapuramu -515002, Andhra Pradesh INDIA.
ABSTRACT
Self-compacting concrete is high performance concrete which is highly flowable, non-segregating, spread on its
own weight and doesn‟t need any compaction. This paper deals with flow and strength characteristics such as
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of Self-compacting concrete
with various percentages of waste plastic fibres like 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.20%, 1.3% and
1.4% is added by weight of cement. The mix proportion for M40 grade of concrete was done by using Nan Su
method (Cement: GGBS: Fine aggregate: Course aggregate 1: 0.705: 3.34: 2.62). Water powder (W/P) ratio
0.36, cement content 280kg/m3
, GGBS 220 kg/m3
was calculated and maintained as constant throughout the
experimental work for all eight mixes, only the superplastizers dosage was varied for different percentage of
fibres. In this experimental investigation one control mix and eight (8) different mixes were considered. Totally
81 Cube, beam, Cylindrical specimens and square plates were casted, cured and tested as per IS specifications.
For determining impact strength drop weight method was used. The results obtained indicate that fresh
(workability) characteristics satisfy the lower and upper limit as suggested by EFNARC. The tests on hardened
properties indicate that the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength was improved
proportionally with the addition of waste plastic fibers upto 1.0% by weight of cement and then decreases. The
impact strength improved proportionally with addition of fibres upto 1.2% by weight of cement and then
decreases.
Keywords- Self-compacting concrete, Waste plastic fibres, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural
strength and Impact strength
I. INTRODUCTION
Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new
concrete technology that offers very powerful
benefits. Self-Compacting Concrete was developed
in Japan in the late 1980s to reduce the labour
required to properly place concrete. The
researchers are Okamura, Ozawa and Japanese
contractors Kajima, Maeda, Taisei [5, 6]. This
technology allows significant improvements
compared to conventional slump concrete, in terms
of workability or slump flow ability. No vibration
is necessary, and better quality concrete can be
produced. Some of the benefits for designers and
clients are more innovative designs, more complex
shapes, faster construction, improved durability,
and better appearance [6, 7]. Self-compacting
concrete is not affected by the skill of workers,
shape and reinforcing bar arrangement of a
structure. Due to high fluidity and resisting pavers
of segregation of SCC, it can be pumped to longer
distances. The use of SCC not only shortens the
construction period, but also ensures quality and
durability. Concrete has excellent deformation in
the fresh state and high resistance to segregation
and, can be placed and compacted under its self-
weight without applying vibration. Self-compacting
concrete is also known as Self-Consolidating or
Self-Leveling Concrete [6, 7].
Basic Principle
The SCC is that which gets compacted
due to its self weight and is de-aerated (no
entrapped air) almost completely while flowing in
the form work. In densely reinforced structural
members, it fills completely all the voids and gaps
and maintains nearly horizontal concrete level after
it is placed. With regard to its composition, SCC
consists of the same components as conventionally
vibrated normal concrete, i.e., cement, aggregates,
water, additives or admixtures [2, 6].
However, the high dosage of super-
plasticizer used for reduction of the liquid limit and
for better workability, the high powder content as
„lubricant‟ for the coarse aggregates, as well as the
use of viscosity-agents to increase the viscosity of
the concrete have to be taken into account[2, 9].
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Mrs. Vijaya G.S.et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Super plasticizer enhances deformability
and with the reduction of water/powder segregation
resistance is increased. High deformability and
high segregation resistance is obtained by limiting
the amount of coarse aggregate. These two
properties of mortar and concrete in turn lead to
self compact ability limitation of coarse aggregate
content [2, 7]. Figure 1 shows the basic principles
for the production of SCC.
Fig.1: Basic principles for production of self-
compacting concrete
The use of fibers might extend the
possible fields of application of SCC. The addition
of discrete fibres with adequate mechanical
properties, in to concrete matrix improves several
properties such as toughness, increase resistance to
fatigue, impact and blast loading, reduce spalling of
the reinforcement cover and improve abrasion
resistance and flexural and shear strength[3,4]. The
extent to which fibres contribute to each
mechanical and durability characteristics depend on
many factors including fibre type, configuration,
length and volume, water-powder material ratio
and other mixture parameters. Types of fibres like
plastic or polymeric fibres, glass fibres, steel fibres,
carbon fibres and natural fibres like bast or stem,
leaf fibres, fruit fibres and wood fibres can be used
in SCC [10].
Plastic which is a non-biodegradable
material neither decays nor degenerates completely
in water or in soil. Plastic when burnt releases
many toxic gases which is not only dangerous to
health of living beings but also results in
environmental pollution [8]. The disposal of such
waste plastics is a major challenge to the
municipalities especially in the metropolitan cities
and such waste plastics can be used in the form of
fibres to impart some additional desirable qualities
to the concrete [8]. In this experimental
investigation an attempt has been made to study the
flow and strength characteristics of SCC with the
addition of various percentages of waste plastic
fibres into it.
II. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
In this experimental investigation an attempt
has been made to study the flow and strength
characteristics of self-compacting concrete with the
addition of various percentages of waste plastic
fibres into it.
1.1 Materials Used:
Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement-53 grade
was used having a specific gravity of 3.15 and
it satisfies the requirements of IS: 12269-1987
specifications. The physical and mechanical
properties of tested cement are given in Table
No.1
Ground granulated blast furnace slag: GGBS
obtained from Bellary steel plant was used.
The GGBS used was having Specific gravity
of 2.62. The properties of tested GGBS are
given in Table No.2 and Table No.3
Fine aggregates: Manufactured sand was used
as fine aggregate. The sand used was having
specific gravity of 2.6 and bulk density is
1550kg/m3
and confirmed to grading zone-II
as per IS: 383-1970 specification.
Coarse aggregates: The coarse aggregates
used in the experimentation were 12.5 mm and
down size aggregate and tested as per IS: 383-
1970 and 2386-1963 (I, II and III)
specifications. The aggregates used were
having specific gravity of 2.72 and bulk
density is 1430kg/m3
Water: Ordinary potable water free from
organic content, turbidity and salts was used
for mixing and for curing throughout the
investigation.
Superplastizers: Glenium B233 an admixture of
new generation based on modified
polycarboxylic ether was used. The varied
dosage of superplasticizer adopted in the
experimentation are given in Table No.4
Fibres: The waste plastic fibres were obtained
by cutting waste plastic pots, buckets, cans,
drums and utensils. The waste plastic fibres
obtained were all recycled plastics. The fibres
were cut from steel wire cutter and it is labour
oriented. The thickness of waste plastic fibres
was 1mm and its breadth was kept 2.5mm and
these fibres were straight. The different
volume fraction of fibres and suitable aspect
ratio 50 were selected and used in this
investigation [8].
2.2 Experimental Procedure
1.2.1 Mix Proportioning, casting and curing:
The mix proportion (Cement: GGBS: Fine
aggregate: Course aggregate 1: 0.705: 3.34: 2.62)
for M40 grade of concrete was done by using Nan
Su method, throughout the work. The super
plastizers dosage was varied for different
percentage of fibres. In this work experimental
investigation one control mix and eight (8)
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different mixes were prepared and the details of the
mixes are as shown in Table No.5
The specimens were casted, de-moulded
and cured for 28days as per the routine procedure
and were taken out only at the time of testing. The
compressive strength test was conducted as per IS:
516-1959 specification on specimens of size 150
x150 x 150 mm. The splitting/Indirect tensile
strength (Brazilian test) test was conducted as per
IS: 5816-1999 specification on specimens of
diameter 150 mm and length 300mm. Flexural
strength test was conducted as per IS: 516-1959
specification on specimens of size 150 x 150 x
750mm.Two point loading was adopted on a span
of 400mm. Impact strength test was conducted as
per ACI 544 Committee recommendations. A steel
ball weighing 0.89 kg was dropped from a height
of one meter on the impact specimens of size
250mm x 250mm x 30mm, which were kept on the
floor. The care was taken to see that the ball was
dropped at the center point of specimen every time.
The number of blows required to cause first crack
and final failure were noted. The numbers of blows
were converted into impact energy by the formula-
Impact energy = mghN = w/g x g x h x N = whN
(N-m)
Where, m = mass of the ball
w = weight of the ball =0.89kg = 8.9N
g =Acceleration due to gravity
h =Height of the drop =1m
N =Average number of blows to cause the failure
Table 01: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT-53
GRADE (IS: 12269-1987)
Properties Results Permissible limit as per
IS: 12269-1987
Fineness 28.4 m2
/N Should not be more than
22.5m2
/N
Normal
consistency
26% -
Setting Time
a. Initial
b. Final
160 Min
350 Min
Should not be less than
30 Min
Should not be more than
600 Min
Specific gravity 3.14 -
Compressive
strength
of mortar cubes
for
a. 3days.
b. 7days.
c. 28 days
33.0
N/mm2
45.5
N/mm2
62.5
N/mm2
Should not be less than
27 N/mm2
Should not be less than
37 N/mm2
Should not be less than
53 N/mm2
Table 02: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
GGBS
Properties Results (%)
Insoluble residue 0.83
Manganese Oxide 0.25
Magnesium oxide 10.13
Sulphide sulphur 0.75
CaO+MgO+1/3Al2O3
SiO2+2/3Al2O
1.10
CaO+MgO+
Al2O3SiO2
1.84
Table 03: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
GGBS
Properties Results
Specific Gravity 2.86
Fineness % ( by wet sieve on 45μ sieve) 10.2
Specific surface (m2
/Kg) 314
Glass content % 93.26
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The workability (Slump flow, T50cm, J-ring, V-
funnel and L-box tests) and strength (compressive
strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and
impact strength) test results of Self-compacting
concrete with various percentage additions of waste
plastic fibres are given in Table No.6 and Table
No.7
Table 5.0: Mix proportions of SCC for various percentage additions of waste plastic fibers.
Mix
% of
fibre
W/P ratio by
mass
Cement
(kg/m3
)
GGBS
(kg/m3
)
Fine Agg.
(kg/m3
)
Coarse Agg.
(kg/m3
)
Total Powder
(kg/m3
) SP %
SCC0.00 0.00 0.35 280 197.5 936 734 477.5 0.60
SCC0.25 0.25 0.35 280 197.5 936 734 477.5 0.62
SCC0.5 0.50 0.35 280 197.5 936 734 477.5 0.65
SCC0.75 0.75 0.35 280 197.5 936 734 477.5 0.72
SCC1.00 1.00 0.35 280 197.5 936 734 477.5 0.80
SCC1.10 1.10 0.34 280 220 936 734 500 0.81
SCC1.20 1.20 0.34 280 220 936 734 500 0.82
SCC1.30 1.30 0.34 280 220 936 734 500 0.84
SCC1.40 1.40 0.34 280 220 936 734 500 0.86
Table 6.0: Test results of SCC for various percentage additions of waste plastic fibers in fresh state.
Mix
% of
fibre
Slump flow
(760-850)
(for class SF2)
T50cm
(≤2forVS1)
(> 2 forVS2)
V-funnel
(≤8 forVF1)
(9 to25 for VF2)
V-funnel
T5min
(+3 sec)
J –Ring
(0-10mm)
L-box-
(>0.75)
SCC0.00 0.00 800 2 8 12 3 0.80
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Table 07: Test results of compressive, split tensile, flexural and impact strength tests.
Sl
no
% OF
FIBRE
AVERAGE
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH AFTER
28 DAYS IN N/mm2
AVERAGE
SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH AFTER
28 DAYS IN N/mm2
AVERAGE
FLEXURAL
STRENGTH AFTER
28 DAYS IN N/mm2
Average Impact
Resistance (blows)
Average Impact
Energy (Nm)
1st
crack
Failure
1st
crack
Failure
1 0.0 57.21 3.38 4.04 3 5 23.28 40.74
2 0.25 58.04 3.68 4.38 4 6 32.01 52.38
3 0.50 62.16 4.11 4.86 4 7 32.01 64.03
4 0.75 64.14 4.38 6.86 4 8 31.52 66.93
5 1.00 65.26 4.59 7.06 4 10 34.92 90.22
6 1.1 64.61 4.24 6.91 4 11 37.83 93.13
7 1.2 61.04 3.94 6.70 5 14 40.74 119.32
8 1.3 60.57 3.79 6.61 4 8 31.52 66.93
9 1.4 57.75 3.55 6.49 3 7 29.06 58.28
IV. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS
Based on the experimental results and observations
the following discussions were made
The requirements for SCC in fresh state according
to EFNARC 2005 guidelines should be selected
from one or more of the following characteristics
and then specified by class or target value.1)
flowability accessed by slump flow 2)Viscosity
assessed by T50 or V funnel 3)Passing ability
assessed by L box or J ring 4)Segregation
resistance by Vfunnel and T5
It can be observed that all the mixes from
0% fibre to 1.4% fibre satisfy flowability
measured by slump flow, viscosity
assessed by T50 and passing ability
assessed by L box out of the four key
characteristics hence can be considered as
SCC mixes.
It has been observed that from the experimental
results, the addition of waste plastic fibres from
0.25% to 1.0% by weight of cement has shown
increase in strength characteristics (compressive
strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength) of
SCC compared to SCC without plastic fibres and
then starts decreasing after 1.0% addition of waste
plastic fibres into it.The impact strength increases
for fibre content upto 1.2% and then decreases.
This is because higher volume of fibrrs interferes
with cohesiveness of concrete mix. Improper
mixing of fibres with matrix takes place due to
balling effect of fibres which increases the airvoids
in the mix and in turn reduces the strength.
It has been observed that from the experimental
results, it is possible to design a waste plastic fibre
reinforced SCC by incorporating GGBS in mix
design. The WPFRSCC has satisfied the
requirement of flow ability, viscosity and passing
ability of SCC as suggested by EFNARC
V. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the experimental results the
following conclusion can be drawn
1. It can be concluded that the maximum
compressive strength, split tensile strength,
flexural strength can be achieved at 1%
addition of waste plastic fibres with respect to
an aspect ratio of 50. Maximum impact
strength can be achieved at 1.2% fibre content
with an aspect ratio of 50.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Principal
and Head of the Civil Engg department Dr. K.G.
Chandrasekhara Engineering, Govt. Sri
Krishnarajendra Silver Jubilee Technological
Institute, Bangalore-560 001 for constant
encouragement.
REFERENCES
[1]. EFNARC, “Specification and guidelines
for Self-compacting concrete”, European
Federation of Produces and Applicators of
Specialist Products for Structures, May
2005
[2]. Hardik Upadhyay, Pankaj Shah, Elizabeth
George, “ Testing and Mix Design
Method of Self-Compacting Concrete”,
National Conference on Recent Trends in
Engineering & Technology, B.V.M.
Engineering College, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat,
India, 13-14 May 2011
SCC0.25 0.25 795 2.5 8.36 11.5 5 0.85
SCC0.5 0.50 780 3 9.5 13 8 0.93
SCC0.75 0.75 750 4 12 15 10 1.00
SCC1.00 1.00 735 8.5 18 21 10 1.80
SCC1.10 1.10 780 9.0 19.5 22 12 1.93
SCC1.20 1.20 780 9.2 21 24 12 1.93
SCC1.30 1.30 770 10 23 27 11 1.93
SCC1.40 1.40 764 10.4 24 28 12 1.85
5. Mrs. Vijaya G.S.et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, (Part - 5) May 2016, pp.27-31
www.ijera.com 31 | P a g e
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