This document discusses asynchronous versus synchronous online discussions and considerations for designing effective online discussions. Asynchronous discussions occur via writing and allow flexible participation, while synchronous discussions happen in real-time via writing or speaking. When designing discussions, the instructor must determine whether they will be asynchronous or synchronous, the expected size and level of formality, how feedback will be provided, and how participation will be documented. The instructor is responsible for intentionally designing discussions with clear topics, participation structures, and methods for assessment.