The term Ekistics (coined by Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942) applies to the science of human settlements. It includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design.
Jane Jacobs was an influential writer and activist in urban planning in the mid-20th century. She opposed the widespread replacement of urban communities with high-rise buildings and advocated for mixed-use neighborhoods with a focus on walkability. Along with Lewis Mumford, she is considered a founder of the New Urbanist movement. New Urbanism aims to reduce car dependence and create livable, walkable neighborhoods with a mix of housing, jobs, and commercial areas. Some examples of New Urbanist developments include Seaside, Florida, the first fully New Urbanist town, and Stapleton in Denver, Colorado. However, New Urbanism has also faced some criticisms around issues like lack of privacy and questions about how well it achieves
This document identifies a site in Matara, Sri Lanka for urban regeneration. The site consists of a shopping complex owned by the Matara Municipal Council with 129 shops, but only 28 are currently functioning. It also includes the Star Fort, which has lost its original context, and a general hospital. These three separate functions currently disturb and fail each other, leading to an overall failure of the site area. Urban decline in the area is evidenced by out migration, a drop in economic activities and land values, and increased unemployment and social unrest. The document performs an analysis of the context and current issues of the site to determine why regeneration is needed.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
The document discusses the radial city planning patterns of Moscow and Washington DC. Moscow's plan features ring roads connected by radiating roads, with the core as the business area and industrial areas interspersed among residential zones. Washington DC was planned by Pierre L'Enfant and Andrew Ellicott along the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland, and was burned in the War of 1812. Both cities exemplify radial city planning concepts.
The document summarizes the development of the city structure of Bhubaneswar, India over time. It describes how the city began as a temple town (until 1948) and was then established as the new capital of Orissa in 1948, with a master plan developed by Otto Koenigsberger. It outlines the stages of the city's growth, including the establishment of institutions from 1956-1976, organized sector developments from 1976 onward, and the current extent and layout of the city. Land use is also summarized, including the original 1968 master plan and subsequent 1988-2001 comprehensive development plan.
Arturo Soria y Mata was a 19th century Spanish urban planner known for developing the concept of the linear city. The linear city model proposed organizing a city into parallel zones running along a central transportation corridor. This included zones for industry, green space, and residential areas. Soria intended for Madrid to be developed this way, but the project ultimately failed after his death due to economic and development challenges. However, his linear city concept inspired future planned developments like Navi Mumbai, India and remains an influential model of urban planning today.
Radburn is a planned community located in New Jersey that was developed in the 1920s based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic. It utilized superblocks with interior parks and a network of pedestrian paths to allow residents to access all community amenities without crossing streets. The community was designed with turned-around houses facing the pedestrian network and included single-family homes, row houses, apartments, parks, and a shopping center. While innovative at the time, some of Radburn's designs did not work as intended, such as underutilized front green spaces. However, Radburn demonstrated early principles of planning that focused on open space and community design, influencing later suburban development.
Clarence Perry was an early 20th century American planner who developed the concept of the neighborhood unit. The neighborhood unit aimed to design self-contained residential areas that promoted community and protected residents from industrial areas and traffic. Key elements included centering the neighborhood around an elementary school, placing arterial streets on the perimeter, and dedicating 10% of land to parks and open space. The ideal neighborhood unit size was 5,000-6,000 people and 160 acres to allow children to walk half a mile to school and residents to access local services. Neighborhood planning principles focused on size, boundaries, internal streets, land use mix, and locating community facilities to encourage social interaction.
Jane Jacobs was an influential writer and activist in urban planning in the mid-20th century. She opposed the widespread replacement of urban communities with high-rise buildings and advocated for mixed-use neighborhoods with a focus on walkability. Along with Lewis Mumford, she is considered a founder of the New Urbanist movement. New Urbanism aims to reduce car dependence and create livable, walkable neighborhoods with a mix of housing, jobs, and commercial areas. Some examples of New Urbanist developments include Seaside, Florida, the first fully New Urbanist town, and Stapleton in Denver, Colorado. However, New Urbanism has also faced some criticisms around issues like lack of privacy and questions about how well it achieves
This document identifies a site in Matara, Sri Lanka for urban regeneration. The site consists of a shopping complex owned by the Matara Municipal Council with 129 shops, but only 28 are currently functioning. It also includes the Star Fort, which has lost its original context, and a general hospital. These three separate functions currently disturb and fail each other, leading to an overall failure of the site area. Urban decline in the area is evidenced by out migration, a drop in economic activities and land values, and increased unemployment and social unrest. The document performs an analysis of the context and current issues of the site to determine why regeneration is needed.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
The document discusses the radial city planning patterns of Moscow and Washington DC. Moscow's plan features ring roads connected by radiating roads, with the core as the business area and industrial areas interspersed among residential zones. Washington DC was planned by Pierre L'Enfant and Andrew Ellicott along the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland, and was burned in the War of 1812. Both cities exemplify radial city planning concepts.
The document summarizes the development of the city structure of Bhubaneswar, India over time. It describes how the city began as a temple town (until 1948) and was then established as the new capital of Orissa in 1948, with a master plan developed by Otto Koenigsberger. It outlines the stages of the city's growth, including the establishment of institutions from 1956-1976, organized sector developments from 1976 onward, and the current extent and layout of the city. Land use is also summarized, including the original 1968 master plan and subsequent 1988-2001 comprehensive development plan.
Arturo Soria y Mata was a 19th century Spanish urban planner known for developing the concept of the linear city. The linear city model proposed organizing a city into parallel zones running along a central transportation corridor. This included zones for industry, green space, and residential areas. Soria intended for Madrid to be developed this way, but the project ultimately failed after his death due to economic and development challenges. However, his linear city concept inspired future planned developments like Navi Mumbai, India and remains an influential model of urban planning today.
Radburn is a planned community located in New Jersey that was developed in the 1920s based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic. It utilized superblocks with interior parks and a network of pedestrian paths to allow residents to access all community amenities without crossing streets. The community was designed with turned-around houses facing the pedestrian network and included single-family homes, row houses, apartments, parks, and a shopping center. While innovative at the time, some of Radburn's designs did not work as intended, such as underutilized front green spaces. However, Radburn demonstrated early principles of planning that focused on open space and community design, influencing later suburban development.
Clarence Perry was an early 20th century American planner who developed the concept of the neighborhood unit. The neighborhood unit aimed to design self-contained residential areas that promoted community and protected residents from industrial areas and traffic. Key elements included centering the neighborhood around an elementary school, placing arterial streets on the perimeter, and dedicating 10% of land to parks and open space. The ideal neighborhood unit size was 5,000-6,000 people and 160 acres to allow children to walk half a mile to school and residents to access local services. Neighborhood planning principles focused on size, boundaries, internal streets, land use mix, and locating community facilities to encourage social interaction.
The Radiant City plan proposed by Le Corbusier involved rebuilding cities using modern construction methods. It centered around large, pre-fabricated apartment buildings called les unites that would house thousands of residents. Les unites would be placed on stilts above the ground and connected by interior streets and elevators. Transportation and industry would be separated onto different roadway levels. However, critics argue that while Corbusier advocated for certain individual freedoms and leisure activities, his vision actually involved a paternalistic and bureaucratic form of authority that did not allow for individual voice or non-rational human behavior. His conception of a rationally-planned city did not account for the complexity and unpredictability of human nature.
This document discusses different types of riverfront development and advantages of riverfront projects. It provides details about a specific project along the Haihe River in Tianjin, China that redeveloped the riverfront for flood control, tourism, recreation, and economic activity. The project included new land uses, transportation improvements, and public open spaces along the river to revitalize the area. It also describes a riverfront redevelopment project in Hamburg, Germany along the Elbe River that protected the area from floods while improving public access and activating the waterfront.
Under Emperor Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann oversaw a massive urban renewal project in Paris from 1853-1870. He demolished narrow, winding medieval streets and replaced them with wide boulevards and public parks. This modernized Paris and improved sanitation, traffic flow, and military defense. It also changed the city's architectural landscape, social geography, and aesthetic identity. Haussmann's renovations transformed Paris into the iconic city known today.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The document discusses the principles and concepts of neighborhood planning. It explains that neighborhood planning aims to create small residential units of 2,000-5,000 people to foster a sense of community. Key aspects of neighborhood planning include limiting the size to a walkable area, using boundary roads, incorporating green spaces, designing internal streets for safety, providing a mix of housing, locating shops and community centers in central areas, and including facilities like schools and parks within 1 km to encourage social life. The principles of neighborhood planning aim to balance residential development with community spaces and recreation to recreate the lost neighborhood relationships of modern cities.
The City Beautiful Movement sought to beautify American cities in the late 19th/early 20th century through monumental architecture and planning inspired by European styles. Reformers believed beautifying cities could inspire civic duty and morality among residents. Daniel Burnham was a leading architect who helped plan the 1893 World's Fair and 1901 plan for Washington D.C., spreading Beaux-Arts styles. He designed skyscrapers like the Flatiron Building and co-authored Chicago's 1909 plan, establishing himself as a pioneer of American city planning before dying in 1912.
This document provides information about Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and pioneering town planner. It discusses his influential thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of Geddes' key contributions mentioned include introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning, coining the term "conurbation" to describe merged urban areas, and founding the Scots College international teaching establishment. The document also outlines some of Geddes' principles for urban planning projects in places like Bombay and his concepts around the relationships between a place, its folk/people, and their work.
Conservation is not just a result of few years but work and dedication of centuries. With every good, there certainly follows bad but focusing on the positives and addressing the bad is what drives us to the future; in this case the future for our past.
This document defines and discusses the components of urban open spaces. It begins by defining urban open spaces as all types of spaces between buildings in a town, including paths, squares, gardens and parks. It then discusses the importance of urban open spaces in giving form to cities, providing recreation space, and encouraging social interaction. The document outlines different types of urban open spaces such as waterways, parks, green areas, and plazas. It provides details on the components, surroundings and landscapes of parks, greens, playgrounds, plazas and squares. It also discusses the physical components that make up urban open spaces, including walls, floors, roofs, and hardscape and softscape furnishings.
Urban heritage conservation , India under the subject of urban planning and techniques in town and country planning with international and national level contribution , its need and case of heritage walk of Ahmadabad city.
-Definitions related to Urban Conservation
-Important of Heritage conservation
-Conservation Elements
-Conservation at International Level
-Conservation at National Level
-Constitution Obligation
-Acts for Conservation
-Need of Urban Heritage Conservation
-Heritage walk of Ahmedabad City
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Urban morphology, elements of urban designAbdul Rab
This document provides an overview of urban design topics including urban morphology, elements of urban design, and the nature of urban design projects in public and private developments. It defines urban morphology as the study of the form and development of human settlements. It then discusses some key elements of urban design like buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation, and landscaping. Finally, it describes how urban design projects are carried out through public-private partnerships, with the private sector taking on financial and operational risks and the public sector providing funding or subsidies.
This document provides an overview of the city of Panaji, Goa, India. It discusses the city's location, climate, demographics, transportation infrastructure, and urban design challenges. Panaji has a tropical climate with high rainfall during the monsoon season. Its population is over 114,000, with a literacy rate of 71.6%. While the city has various modes of transportation, including an airport and ports, it struggles with traffic congestion and a lack of sufficient parking facilities. Preserving the city's cultural heritage and open spaces poses an ongoing challenge amid commercial development pressures.
Urban conservation provides cultural and economic benefits. Culturally, it preserves historic architecture, streetscapes, and sites that give cities a unique identity and sense of place. Economically, conserving urban heritage increases income opportunities from tourism as well as making cities more livable and competitive. Improving conservation and management of historic assets in cities generates civic pride while attracting investment and spending from tourists, thereby boosting local economies.
Doxiadis : Ekistics the science of human settlementHemant Mishra
The document discusses Constantinos Doxiadis and his theory of Ekistics, which is the science of human settlements. Doxiadis believed that populations and energy use in cities would greatly increase in the future. He proposed that all of humanity would eventually live in a single massive "Ecumenopolis," or worldwide city. Doxiadis developed a framework for classifying and understanding the relationships between different elements and scales of human settlements, from individual homes to global urbanization. A key aspect of his theory was that future cities must be planned to accommodate continued population growth and expansion.
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
This document does not contain any text to summarize. It only contains the letters "EK", which provides no context or meaning on its own in only two characters. A proper summary requires substantive content to extract and convey the most important ideas, events, or topics in a concise yet informative way.
The document discusses the concept of ekistics, which was coined by Greek architect and urban planner Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis. Ekistics refers to the science of human settlements and includes planning at the regional, city, community, and dwelling scales. It aims to create optimal sized cities that respect human needs and accommodate technological evolution. Doxiadis proposed a systematic classification of human settlements based on size, location, physical form, functions, evolutionary phases, and other factors. This would help systematically develop a science to guide the creation of future cities. The document provides various examples of how Doxiadis applied ekistics in projects such as the planning of Islamabad as the new capital of Pakistan.
The Radiant City plan proposed by Le Corbusier involved rebuilding cities using modern construction methods. It centered around large, pre-fabricated apartment buildings called les unites that would house thousands of residents. Les unites would be placed on stilts above the ground and connected by interior streets and elevators. Transportation and industry would be separated onto different roadway levels. However, critics argue that while Corbusier advocated for certain individual freedoms and leisure activities, his vision actually involved a paternalistic and bureaucratic form of authority that did not allow for individual voice or non-rational human behavior. His conception of a rationally-planned city did not account for the complexity and unpredictability of human nature.
This document discusses different types of riverfront development and advantages of riverfront projects. It provides details about a specific project along the Haihe River in Tianjin, China that redeveloped the riverfront for flood control, tourism, recreation, and economic activity. The project included new land uses, transportation improvements, and public open spaces along the river to revitalize the area. It also describes a riverfront redevelopment project in Hamburg, Germany along the Elbe River that protected the area from floods while improving public access and activating the waterfront.
Under Emperor Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann oversaw a massive urban renewal project in Paris from 1853-1870. He demolished narrow, winding medieval streets and replaced them with wide boulevards and public parks. This modernized Paris and improved sanitation, traffic flow, and military defense. It also changed the city's architectural landscape, social geography, and aesthetic identity. Haussmann's renovations transformed Paris into the iconic city known today.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The document discusses the principles and concepts of neighborhood planning. It explains that neighborhood planning aims to create small residential units of 2,000-5,000 people to foster a sense of community. Key aspects of neighborhood planning include limiting the size to a walkable area, using boundary roads, incorporating green spaces, designing internal streets for safety, providing a mix of housing, locating shops and community centers in central areas, and including facilities like schools and parks within 1 km to encourage social life. The principles of neighborhood planning aim to balance residential development with community spaces and recreation to recreate the lost neighborhood relationships of modern cities.
The City Beautiful Movement sought to beautify American cities in the late 19th/early 20th century through monumental architecture and planning inspired by European styles. Reformers believed beautifying cities could inspire civic duty and morality among residents. Daniel Burnham was a leading architect who helped plan the 1893 World's Fair and 1901 plan for Washington D.C., spreading Beaux-Arts styles. He designed skyscrapers like the Flatiron Building and co-authored Chicago's 1909 plan, establishing himself as a pioneer of American city planning before dying in 1912.
This document provides information about Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and pioneering town planner. It discusses his influential thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of Geddes' key contributions mentioned include introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning, coining the term "conurbation" to describe merged urban areas, and founding the Scots College international teaching establishment. The document also outlines some of Geddes' principles for urban planning projects in places like Bombay and his concepts around the relationships between a place, its folk/people, and their work.
Conservation is not just a result of few years but work and dedication of centuries. With every good, there certainly follows bad but focusing on the positives and addressing the bad is what drives us to the future; in this case the future for our past.
This document defines and discusses the components of urban open spaces. It begins by defining urban open spaces as all types of spaces between buildings in a town, including paths, squares, gardens and parks. It then discusses the importance of urban open spaces in giving form to cities, providing recreation space, and encouraging social interaction. The document outlines different types of urban open spaces such as waterways, parks, green areas, and plazas. It provides details on the components, surroundings and landscapes of parks, greens, playgrounds, plazas and squares. It also discusses the physical components that make up urban open spaces, including walls, floors, roofs, and hardscape and softscape furnishings.
Urban heritage conservation , India under the subject of urban planning and techniques in town and country planning with international and national level contribution , its need and case of heritage walk of Ahmadabad city.
-Definitions related to Urban Conservation
-Important of Heritage conservation
-Conservation Elements
-Conservation at International Level
-Conservation at National Level
-Constitution Obligation
-Acts for Conservation
-Need of Urban Heritage Conservation
-Heritage walk of Ahmedabad City
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Urban morphology, elements of urban designAbdul Rab
This document provides an overview of urban design topics including urban morphology, elements of urban design, and the nature of urban design projects in public and private developments. It defines urban morphology as the study of the form and development of human settlements. It then discusses some key elements of urban design like buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation, and landscaping. Finally, it describes how urban design projects are carried out through public-private partnerships, with the private sector taking on financial and operational risks and the public sector providing funding or subsidies.
This document provides an overview of the city of Panaji, Goa, India. It discusses the city's location, climate, demographics, transportation infrastructure, and urban design challenges. Panaji has a tropical climate with high rainfall during the monsoon season. Its population is over 114,000, with a literacy rate of 71.6%. While the city has various modes of transportation, including an airport and ports, it struggles with traffic congestion and a lack of sufficient parking facilities. Preserving the city's cultural heritage and open spaces poses an ongoing challenge amid commercial development pressures.
Urban conservation provides cultural and economic benefits. Culturally, it preserves historic architecture, streetscapes, and sites that give cities a unique identity and sense of place. Economically, conserving urban heritage increases income opportunities from tourism as well as making cities more livable and competitive. Improving conservation and management of historic assets in cities generates civic pride while attracting investment and spending from tourists, thereby boosting local economies.
Doxiadis : Ekistics the science of human settlementHemant Mishra
The document discusses Constantinos Doxiadis and his theory of Ekistics, which is the science of human settlements. Doxiadis believed that populations and energy use in cities would greatly increase in the future. He proposed that all of humanity would eventually live in a single massive "Ecumenopolis," or worldwide city. Doxiadis developed a framework for classifying and understanding the relationships between different elements and scales of human settlements, from individual homes to global urbanization. A key aspect of his theory was that future cities must be planned to accommodate continued population growth and expansion.
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
This document does not contain any text to summarize. It only contains the letters "EK", which provides no context or meaning on its own in only two characters. A proper summary requires substantive content to extract and convey the most important ideas, events, or topics in a concise yet informative way.
The document discusses the concept of ekistics, which was coined by Greek architect and urban planner Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis. Ekistics refers to the science of human settlements and includes planning at the regional, city, community, and dwelling scales. It aims to create optimal sized cities that respect human needs and accommodate technological evolution. Doxiadis proposed a systematic classification of human settlements based on size, location, physical form, functions, evolutionary phases, and other factors. This would help systematically develop a science to guide the creation of future cities. The document provides various examples of how Doxiadis applied ekistics in projects such as the planning of Islamabad as the new capital of Pakistan.
C.A Doxiadis was a Greek architect and town planner known for developing the theory of Ekistics and designing the new capital city of Islamabad in Pakistan. Some key points of his work:
- He founded the science of Ekistics to study human settlements of all scales, from villages to cities to regions, and how they evolve over time. This aimed to build optimized cities for humans.
- His theory analyzed factors like geography, growth, organization, and internal/external structures that influence human settlements. It also established a hierarchy of rural villages up to larger urban areas.
- Doxiadis designed Islamabad as the new capital of Pakistan in the 1950s based on Ekistic principles
C.A. Doxiadis was a Greek architect and town planner who is best known for designing the city of Islamabad, Pakistan's capital city. He graduated with architectural engineering and doctoral degrees from universities in Athens and Berlin. Doxiadis planned Islamabad according to hierarchical and sustainable principles - the city has extensive green spaces integrated throughout and a transportation network that separates vehicles, public transit, bicycles and pedestrians to reduce congestion. The master plan for Islamabad and the surrounding region was based on Doxiadis' concept of a "Dynametropolis", allowing the areas to dynamically expand over time.
Ekistics - Defining What is a Polis? What does it consist ofYaryalitsa
1. The document discusses ekistics, which is defined as the science of human settlements. It examines how humans inhabit settlements and provides a conceptual framework for understanding them.
2. Ekistics studies the basic elements that make up human settlements: nature, humans, society, physical structures (shells), and connecting networks.
3. It then presents a classification system of different types of settlements based on population size, ranging from an individual person to a global city. The largest settlements discussed are megacities with populations over 50 million people.
The document provides information about Islamabad, Pakistan's capital city. It states that Islamabad is the greenest and most planned city in Pakistan, with the highest literacy rate. It is home to several prestigious universities, including Quaid-i-Azam University and Allama Iqbal Open University, the world's largest by enrollment. The document also highlights some of Pakistan's talented youth, including Malala Yousafzai, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and students who have achieved high scores in exams.
The Phenomenon of the Megacities... or not? - What is a: Μεγάπολις (Megapol...Yaryalitsa
This document discusses the history of megacities and urbanization through ancient times to modern day. Some key points:
- Ancient cities like Rome, Athens, and Pataliputra had populations in the hundreds of thousands, which was massive for their time but small by today's standards. Rome had a peak population of 1.6 million in the 2nd century AD.
- London grew rapidly in the 19th century, becoming the largest city that had ever existed with over 6 million people by 1900. New York then surpassed London in size in the early 20th century.
- Today, megacities in developing regions like Africa, Asia, and South America are growing the fastest as urbanization
SmartPlaces – Urban Connected Diamonds
This lecture will address the new scale of cities have brought to the knowledge society. The challenges brought by sustainability, cohesion and competitiveness can’t be addressed at the traditional scale of municipalities nor at the scale of Metropolitan areas. Internationally, new territorial structures are emerging and becoming the new “motors” of global economy. Alfonso will present such catalysts: “Urban America” with its 10 super cities, leading the United States, the “European Diagonal”, the “Mexican Diamond” and the “Malacca Straits Diagonal”.
In these new territories innovative cities are emerging, capable of defining their own futures in an intelligent dialogue with their surroundings and, above all, they are capable of making the most of their own territorial structures and opportunities new digital technologies offer.
Alfonso will also present the cases of the Creative Digital City of Guadalajara (México) and the strategies employed by Singapore and Bilbao.
Ebenezer Howard's theory of the Three Magnets proposed integrating the best aspects of town and country living into planned communities called garden cities. Putrajaya, Malaysia aimed to realize this vision by developing a new federal administrative center surrounded by greenery with integrated transportation and mixed land uses. However, Putrajaya faces challenges in attracting people from Kuala Lumpur due to its distance and lack of amenities, and has become more exclusive with luxury housing rather than the affordable, socially mixed community envisioned by Howard.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was the founder of the garden city movement. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which proposed the creation of new towns surrounded by greenbelts that blended the benefits of urban and rural living. The first garden cities built based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s. Garden cities emphasized planned development, environmental quality, and strong community.
Ebenezer Howard's 1898 publication "Garden Cities of Tomorrow" proposed a model for planned, self-contained communities that combined the advantages of urban and rural living. He envisioned cities of 32,000 residents with wide roads, separate zones for housing, industry and commerce, and abundant public parks integrated with the natural landscape. Howard intended these "garden cities" to remedy overcrowding and other problems facing large cities while preserving the benefits of both urban and rural life. The book served as a blueprint for the garden city movement and influenced planned communities around the world.
Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan located in the northwest of the country. It has a population of over 1.7 million people and is situated within the Islamabad Capital Territory. Important locations in Islamabad include the Shah Faisal Mosque, Daman-e-Koh, Jinnah Sports Complex, Margalla hills, and Rawal Lake. The city has a mix of Potohari art, handicrafts, glass work, and graffiti. Urdu, Punjabi, and Pashto are commonly spoken languages, and the typical dress includes shalwar kameez and western clothes.
Garden city and the Idea of Modern Planning (Lewis Mumford)KarinTajti
The document discusses the ideas behind and early examples of garden cities. It describes Ebenezer Howard's 1902 plan for garden cities, with greenbelts separating urban and rural areas. The first garden city was built in Letchworth, England in 1903 based on these principles. Other early examples included Wekerle in Budapest from 1908-1925 and Řevnice near Prague, with the goals of integrating urban and rural land use patterns while maintaining a compact urban form surrounded by green space.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city theory as a response to overcrowding and congestion in cities during the Industrial Revolution. His plan called for the creation of small, planned cities that combined urban amenities with access to nature. Key elements included purchasing a large area of land, planning a compact circular or hexagonal town surrounded by a rural greenbelt, and using revenue from rising land values to benefit the community. Howard envisioned a population of around 30,000 living in the garden city, with only a fraction of the land developed and the rest used for agriculture and recreation.
The document describes Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. It provides details about several notable locations within the city, including Faisal Mosque, Daman-e-Koh viewpoint, Pir-Sohawa hiking trails, Lake View Park overlooking Rawal Lake, the National Monument, Lok Virsa Museum showcasing Pakistani culture, and the historic Saidpur village. The document outlines key facts about each site such as architectural details, recreational activities available, and historical significance.
A New Urban Agenda in Times of Financial CapitalismRoberto Rocco
Keynote presentation by Roberto Rocco at the LANDAC Conference (Land Governance for Equitable and Sustainable Development), Muntgebouw, Utrecht, June 30 2016.
The 2016 LANDac Annual International Land Conference ‘Land governance in the context of urbanisation and climate change: Linking the rural and the urban’ will take place on Thursday 30 June and Friday 1 July in Utrecht, the Netherlands (Muntgebouw). The conference builds on the success of the 2015 International Conference in which LANDac brought together stakeholders from around the world, from a variety of backgrounds. The 2016 conference focuses on topics related to rural-urban land governance and climate change. For more information, visit http://www.landgovernance.org
This document discusses energy efficient building envelopes from the perspective of the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India. It covers factors like opaque walls, insulation materials, vision glass, fenestration, shading, air leakage, and building envelope sealing. It then discusses the advantages of using glass and glazing systems, including faster construction, increased floor area, and predictable behavior. Key performance factors for glass like heat gain, U-value, and light transmission are explained. The document also covers daylighting strategies and their effect, as well as strategies to control heat gain like coatings, fritting, and louvers. ECBC compliance requirements for glass and window-to-wall ratios in different climate zones are summarized
This document provides information on the planning of Islamic cities, specifically Islamabad, Pakistan and Shahjahanabad, India. It discusses how Islamabad was planned on a grid iron pattern with sectors divided by wide principal roads for different land uses. Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu principles with the Red Fort at the most auspicious junction, major mosques including the Jama Masjid, and markets around the Friday Mosque. Both cities featured hierarchical systems of streets and mosques to serve communities.
This document summarizes key concepts from the works of several scholars related to social evolution. It discusses hunter-gatherer divisions of labor by gender, age, season and task specialization. It also outlines Gordon Childe's definitions of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Several case studies of major collective works from different time periods and regions are presented, including raised fields, water management systems, fortifications and structures like nuraghi and pyramids. The level of labor coordination and estimated workforce required for various projects is also examined.
Life and Career with works of Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis. Theory of Urban Design presentation - CA Doxiadis : Ekistics theory, Islamabad master plan, Aspra Spitia introduction, Name of books and journals with bibliography
Sir Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is known for introducing concepts like "region" and "conurbation" to urban planning. A conurbation refers to merged cities and urban areas that have grown together due to transportation and infrastructure development. Geddes coined the term and gave examples like the New York metropolitan area. He developed theories on the relationships between people, their work and their environment. Geddes also produced master plans for cities like Tel Aviv and emphasized pedestrian-focused design with green spaces.
Sir Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner in the late 19th/early 20th century. He is known for his innovative thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of his key contributions include introducing the concepts of "region" and "conurbation" to architecture and planning. A conurbation refers to a region comprising cities and towns that have merged due to population growth and expansion. Geddes coined the term and provided examples like the Greater London area. He also developed theories around the relationships between a population ("folk") and their environment ("place") and means of work, which influenced his approach to regional and urban planning.
Pinannette On Cursive Writing Cursive HandwritiKerri Lee
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form with paper details and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and choosing one, and authorizing payment after receiving and approving the paper. The process utilizes a bidding system where customers can choose the best qualified writer based on their qualifications, order history, and feedback to complete their assignment. Customers can also request revisions to ensure satisfaction with the high-quality original content provided.
Anatomy And Physiology Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Anatomy and physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Anatomy AND Physiology - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY It deals with the .... Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition by Donald C. Rizzo .... 9780065017144: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology/Essays on Wellness .... Essay - The Anatomy and the Physiology of the Heart - Essay - The .... Solved Human Anatomy & Physiology ITheory Case Study #2: 25 | Chegg.com. Essay-Overview of Anatomy and Physiology.docx - Overview of Anatomy and .... Study Materials for Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 (400868) at Western .... Printable: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, 2nd Edition page 123. Anatomy And Physiology Essay. Anatomy And Physiology Cells Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Human Anatomy And Physiology Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Human Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition Amerman Test Bank. Anatomy and Physiology.
Ar Sawan Kumar Sharma
B.Arch, M. Ekistics,
Associate Professor
(Head Faculty Development & social media)
DC School of Architecture and Design, DCSMAT, Vagamon, Idukki,
Kerala
9811992123
The document contains 30 questions about the names and locations of various capital cities around the world. The questions cover capitals such as Dhaka, Baghdad, Paris, Quito, Samarkand, and others.
Essay On Temple City Bhubaneswar. Online assignment writing service.Christine Jones
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request for writing assistance on the HelpWriting.net site. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
e-magazine arsitektur. ruang 08|2014 Vol.2: Preservasi (Aksi)akudanruang
e-magazine arsitektur ruang hadir kembali dengan tema “Preservasi”. Pada edisi 08|2014 volume 2 Preservasi: Aksi, ruang menampilkan beberapa intervensi dalam "Preservasi"
Critically Assess Literature Surrounding Vehicle Speed...Roxy Roberts
The document discusses transparency as a theoretical concept in architecture and art. It distinguishes between literal transparency, where materials transmit light clearly showing what lies beyond, and phenomenal transparency, where spatial effects are translated subconsciously. This classification shifts understanding of transparency from a scientific perspective to a theoretical matter of perception, allowing for speculation beyond just optics. Literal transparency leaves nothing to the imagination, while phenomenal transparency involves the viewer's interpretation. Classifying transparency in this way helps relate it to observational perspectives.
Sir Pattric Gaddes Theory of City' EvolutionSpunky Padrone
Sir Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner in the late 19th/early 20th century. Some of his key contributions included introducing the concepts of "region" and "conurbation" to urban planning. He is known for his innovative thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of his major projects involving urban planning included works in Bombay (now Mumbai), India and a master plan for the city of Tel Aviv. He developed theories around the relationships between a place, its people and their work which influenced the fields of regional planning and urban studies.
ADS605 - CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO URBAN SOCIOLOGY.pptIznyKamaliyah1
This document provides an overview of urban sociology and the history of urbanization. It discusses several key theorists and their perspectives on urbanization and the development of cities. This includes V. Gordon Childe's work on ancient urbanization and characteristics of early cities. It also summarizes the theories of Durkheim, Tonnies, Engels, and Simmel on urban social structures and the impacts of industrialization and capitalism on urban development. Finally, it introduces the concept of human ecology developed by Robert Park and the Chicago School to understand the social organization and competition within cities.
1) Barcelona is located on Spain's northern Mediterranean coast, bounded naturally by rivers, the sea, and mountains. Over centuries it grew from a Roman settlement into a medieval walled city and then expanded on a grid plan in the 19th century.
2) In the 1980s, Barcelona faced urban decay but used the 1992 Olympics as catalyst for urban renewal, rebuilding neglected areas and connecting the city to its waterfront with new beaches, parks, and infrastructure.
3) Planner Oriol Bohigas led the transformation, using the Olympics to fund over 200 new public projects that inserted amenities into formerly derelict, high-crime neighborhoods.
The document discusses the history of urban planning and design of cities from ancient times to the present. It notes that factors like government systems, population size, values, and technology have influenced the patterns of streets and layouts of cities over thousands of years. The paper uses Rome as a case study to analyze concepts and principles in the history of urban planning and how they have changed, critiquing the emphasis on rigid grids in medieval cities versus the complex networks of streets in older cities.
The document discusses several visions and projects for future cities, including floating cities, self-sufficient eco-communities, and ultra-high skyscrapers integrated with green spaces. Many projects focus on renewable energy sources like solar and wind, reducing carbon emissions, and recycling waste. However, some proposals face challenges regarding maintenance and limiting population growth. Overall, the projects aim to implement new technologies to address worsening urban problems, but may require even more radical solutions than proposed.
1. Evidence of urban planning can be found as far back as ancient cities which had orderly street systems and water/sewage systems. During the Renaissance, European cities were planned with defenses and for population flow. This spread to colonial cities like Philadelphia which used the grid plan.
2. Urban planning emerged in response to health, social, and economic crises of the Industrial Revolution. Thinkers like Engels documented worker issues while planners tried balancing cities and nature. The parks movement aimed to beautify cities. Garden cities separated homes from industry with greenbelts.
3. Modern planners included those aiming to regulate cities like Burnham versus idealists pursuing new communities like Howard. Debates centered on
The document discusses a future city representation project for a class. It begins by introducing the project which asks students to pretend they are the mayor of an existing city ("X" city) that needs to be relocated due to issues. Students must propose a new layout for the city, which could be underground, underwater, floating, or enhanced.
It then provides background information on cities in general, what defines and makes a good city, and defines a future city. It also includes sections summarizing investigations into aspects of ancient Roman cities and data collected about present day London, looking at population, culture, infrastructure, and issues facing inner versus outer London.
This document discusses Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy and its influence on rural development and planning in India. It covers Gandhi's views on economics, decentralization, and the importance of villages. Key points include:
- Gandhi was influenced by thinkers like Rousseau, Ruskin, and Tolstoy and emphasized moral values, fulfilling needs over wants, and non-violence.
- He advocated for village self-sufficiency, cooperation over competition, and that all should have access to basic resources.
- Gandhi saw villages as the basic unit of decentralized democracy and economic activity, and this view influenced India's development of Panchayati Raj (local self-government) systems.
This document discusses backward regional development plans in India. It begins by outlining the need to identify backward regions to target development efforts. Several national committees are mentioned that developed criteria and methods to delineate backward areas based on factors like income, infrastructure, employment levels etc. Principal methods used include calculating development indices for districts and ranking them. The Backward Area Grant Fund was launched to direct financial resources towards the 250 most backward districts to strengthen local governance and infrastructure. Case studies of state-level plans for backward areas are also referenced.
The document discusses waste water management. It begins with defining waste water and its characteristics such as temperature, color and odor. It then discusses concepts in waste water management including reuse, recycle and discharge. It notes the motivational factors for recycle and reuse such as augmenting water sources and preventing environmental problems. The document also provides an overview of municipal waste water scenario in India and reforms for management. It gives case studies of waste water management in Chennai, India and Singapore and notes initiatives by the Indian government.
The document discusses the origins and development of Greek civilization from around 800-300 BC. It originated from the Minoan civilization discovered at Knossos and spread through Greek settlements across the Mediterranean and Asia Minor following Alexander the Great's conquests. Greek civilization was centered around the polis or city-state, with Athens becoming the dominant power from 600 BC. Key aspects discussed include the Greek alphabet, town planning principles emphasizing grids and balanced layouts, and architecture and art focused on human and mythological figures.
Environmental accounts also known as green account provide data which highlight both the contribution of natural resources to economic well-being and the costs imposed by pollution or resource degradation.
The document discusses real estate development, specifically in industrial sectors. It begins with an introduction to real estate and definitions of key terms. It then discusses factors driving demand for industrial real estate like infrastructure development and policies supporting investment. The document also covers the process of real estate development including feasibility studies, land allotment, and stakeholders involved. It provides examples of industrial parks and estates in Patancheru, Telangana where many pharmaceutical and textile companies are located. In summary, the document outlines the real estate development process for industrial sectors and factors influencing demand.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Constantine's A. DoxiadisConstantine's A. Doxiadis
Born 1913Born 1913
Constantinos A. Doxiadis, son of Apostolos and Evanthia (Mezeviri) Doxiadis,Constantinos A. Doxiadis, son of Apostolos and Evanthia (Mezeviri) Doxiadis,
comes from a family that played an important role in the settlement of Greek warcomes from a family that played an important role in the settlement of Greek war
refugees in between the two World Wars. His father, a pediatrician, was Ministerrefugees in between the two World Wars. His father, a pediatrician, was Minister
for the Resettlement of Refugees, Social Welfare and Public Health andfor the Resettlement of Refugees, Social Welfare and Public Health and
organized many welfare services especially for children.organized many welfare services especially for children.
Architect-Engineer from the Technical University of Athens in 1935, didArchitect-Engineer from the Technical University of Athens in 1935, did
graduate workgraduate work
at Berlin-Charlottenburg University and received the degree of Dr. Ing. «Mitat Berlin-Charlottenburg University and received the degree of Dr. Ing. «Mit
Auszeichnung» 1936.Auszeichnung» 1936.
2. The concept of dynamic city goes through four stagesThe concept of dynamic city goes through four stages
Dynapolis (monocentric city developing in one direction)Dynapolis (monocentric city developing in one direction)
Dynametropolis (parallel development of several developments DynapolisesDynametropolis (parallel development of several developments Dynapolises
in different directions)in different directions)
Dynamegopolis(giant city)Dynamegopolis(giant city)
EcumenopolisEcumenopolis
3. It has moved from metropolis to dynametropolis.It has moved from metropolis to dynametropolis.
The dynamic metropolis has many more centers than one.The dynamic metropolis has many more centers than one.
There is no uniform solution.There is no uniform solution.
Every metropolis is different. Each metropolis has a differentEvery metropolis is different. Each metropolis has a different
system of centers with different values for each one , and whensystem of centers with different values for each one , and when
it turns into a dynametropolis it has to be analyzed so that weit turns into a dynametropolis it has to be analyzed so that we
can find the answer for every specific case .can find the answer for every specific case .
4. One example we can mention aOne example we can mention a
three center Dynametropolis whichthree center Dynametropolis which
is on the sea and which is theis on the sea and which is the
schematic solution given to theschematic solution given to the
Dynametropolis of Accra-Tema inDynametropolis of Accra-Tema in
Ghana.Ghana.
5. Ecumenopolis is nothing but joining of two giant cities orEcumenopolis is nothing but joining of two giant cities or
two dynametropolis for example two cities in Japan ;two dynametropolis for example two cities in Japan ;
Tokyo & OsakaTokyo & Osaka
6. The original Master Plan of MetropolitanThe original Master Plan of Metropolitan
Islamabad was based on the principles ofIslamabad was based on the principles of
the dynametropolis.the dynametropolis.
that Islamabad and Rawalpindi willthat Islamabad and Rawalpindi will
expand dynamically towards south westexpand dynamically towards south west
along with their centre cores.along with their centre cores.
Islamabad could be differentiate from linerIslamabad could be differentiate from liner
city in term of absence of size dynamic incity in term of absence of size dynamic in
nature and its growth in unidirectional.nature and its growth in unidirectional.