The document describes various traditional village layout plans from ancient India. It discusses 8 different plans - Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Swastika, Nandyavarta, Chaturmukha, Karmuka, Prastara, and Padmaka. Each layout has distinct features such as shape, location of temples, streets, gates, and defensive structures like walls. Specific examples of historical cities like Jaipur and Madurai are also mentioned that exhibit elements of these traditional plans.

1. TYPICAL INDO-ARYAN VILLAGE
N-SENAPATI/KARTIKEYA-WAR GOD
S- INDRA
W-YAMA(LORD OF DEATH)
E- BRAHMA(CREATOR)
CHARACTERISTICS-
CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE WALL DIVIDED
INTO EIGHT PARTS-
FOUR PRINCIPAL GATES AT THE FOUR
CARDINAL POINTS.
FOUR SUBSIDIARY GATES NEAR THE
CORNERS
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3. CLASSIFICATION AS PER MANSARA
•SHAPE
•METHOD OF STREET PLANNING
•LOCATION OF TEMPLE
CONSIDERATIONS
•DANDAKA
•SARVATOBHADRA
•SWASTIKA
•NANDYAVARTA
•CHATURMUKHA
•KARMUKA
•PRASTARA
•PADMAKA

4. FEATURES-
•Resembles a staff.
•Rectangular or square shape.
•1-8 parallel streets running –E-W
•1-5 streets perpendicular to these
streets running N-S
•Middle streets broader- Rajapath.
•Wall and moat surrounding the
village.
•Four gates at four cardinal points
TEMPLE OF VISHNU- WEST
TEMPLE OF SHIVA- NORTH-EAST
RESERVIOR-
SOUTH-
WEST
DANDAKA
MAIN GATES A FOUR
CARDINAL POINTS

5. FATEHPUR SIKRI

6. ROWS OF HOUSES FOR
COWHERDS AND
AGRICULTURISTS
COWSHEDS
SARVATOBHADRA
FOUR ROADS
ALONG THE WALLS
TEMPLE OF
VISHNUTEMPLE OF
CHAMUNDA
FOUR MAIN GATES AT
THE FOUR CARDINAL
POINTS

8. The design of the city is based on a grid-iron plan based on the hierarchy of movement
from highways to pedestrian walkways.
•Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body:
• Head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1),
• Heart (the City Centre Sector-17),
• Lungs ( the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens),
• the intellect (the cultural and educational institutions),
• The circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and the viscera (the Industrial
Area).
• The concept of the city is based on four major functions: living, working, care of the
body and spirit and circulation.
The roads of the city are classified into
the system of 7 Vs.
(i) V-1, fast roads connecting Chandigarh
to other towns;
(ii) V-2, arterial roads;
(iii) V-3, fast vehicular roads;
(iv) V-4, meandering shopping streets;
(v) V-5, sector circulation roads;
(vi) V-6, access roads to houses; and
(vii) V-7, footpaths and cycle tracks.
CHANDIGARH

9. SWASTIKA

10. NANDYAVARTA- ABODE OF HAPPINESS

11. •DANDAKA
•SARVATOBHADRA
•SWASTIKA
•NANDYAVARTA
•CHATURMUKHA
•KARMUKA
•PRASTARA
•PADMAKA

12. Karmuka
This plan is suitable for the place
where the site of the town is in the form
of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic
and mostly applied for towns located
on the seashore or riverbanks. The
main streets of the town run from north
to south or east to west and the cross
streets run at right-angles to them,
dividing the whole area into blocks. The
presiding deity, commonly a female
deity, is installed in the temple build in
any convenient place.
KARMUKA

14. Vijayanagar was the former capital of the vijayanagar empire. Predating the city of
Vijayanagara, it continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha
temple, as well as several other monuments belonging to the old city.
VIJAYNAGAR

15. COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES
RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
OPEN SPACES
PRIMARY SCHOOLS
GANDHINAGAR

16. •The planning of navi mumbai resembles some what the ‘karmuka
planning’ as mentioned in the ancient planning.
•As per the planning principles of ‘karmuka’ a water body resides parallel to
the main road and so does navi
Mumbai face the arabian sea.
•A major road run’s parallel to
The outline of the city facing
The water body.
•The internal roads vary in hierarchy
Unlike the roads in ‘karmuka planning
Which bifurcate radially through
The central area (resembling
Bow and arrow)
•The central part forms a semicircle
Like that in the ‘karmuka
Planning'. The central part
Is the semi-commercial area.

18. MADURAI
•The city is divided into a number of concentric
quadrangular streets around the temple
•It is one of the important cities in South India.
•Madurai is built around the Meenakshi Amman Temple, which acted as the
geographic and ritual center of the ancient city of Madurai.
•Temples, monuments and ancient cultural wonders abound in Madurai. It is even
called ‘The Athens of the East’.
• The City has grown on both sides of river Vaigai and its terrain is mostly flat.
•The ground rises from the city, towards outward, on all sides except the south,
which is a gradually sloping terrain.
• It is surrounded on the outskirts by small and prominent hills.
•The seventh largest city in Tamil
Nadu, it is situated in the banks of
river Vaigai.
•The history of Madurai dates back to
6th century B.C. During that period,
the city was the much-acclaimed
capital of the Pandya kings.

19. PRASTARA
FEATURES-
•Village divided into four main wards.
•Wards divided into equal size of plots by
means of branch roads.
•Middle streets broader- Rajapath.
•Wall and moat surrounding the village.
•Four gates at four cardinal points
•Four subsidiary gates at the corners.
JAIPUR
N

20. Lord Shiva

21.  It was built in the form of a rectangle,
divided into blocks (Chowkries) with
roads and avenues running parallel to
the side.
JAIPUR
• The layout of the streets was based on
a mathematical grid of nine squares,
representing the ancient Hindu map of
the universe,
• Lord Shiva,occupying the central
square.
Jaipur’s road network follows a definite hierarchy. The major east-west and north-south road
,form the sector boundaries and are called rajmarg as they lead to the city gates. These
measure 33m. Wide.
Next there is a network of 16.5m wide which runs north-south in each sector linking the
internal areasof the sectors to the major activity spine.
An orthogonal grid of 8.25mx4.00m roads in the prastara-chessboard pattern further divide
sectors intomohallas.

22. PADMAKA
FEATURES-
•Flower shaped.
•Centre dedicated to Brahma
•4-8 roads around brahma sthana.
•Wall and moat surrounding the
village.
•Four gates at four cardinal points