This document discusses different types of paint and their properties. It explains that paint is composed of pigment, binder, and solvent. It then provides details on various pigments, binders, and solvents used. The document also summarizes different paint types including tempera, oil, watercolor, gouache, acrylic, encaustic, and casein paints. It provides brief descriptions of each type of paint's composition, properties, uses, and history.

1. PaintingPainting
M. Ryan
Academic Decathlon 2005-06

2. PaintingPainting
Paint is composed of three
materials:
o Pigment
o Binder
o Solvent
PBS

3. PaintingPainting
Pigment: natural or synthetic
colored materials finely
ground into a powder.
Clay, gemstones, minerals,
plants, insects
http://webexhibits.org/pigments/

4. PaintingPainting
Binder: holds the pigment
together and adheres the
paint to a surface.
Egg yolks, linseed oil, wax

5. PaintingPainting
Solvent: added to thin or
thicken paint, slow or speed
up its drying time.
Water or oil.

6. PaintingPainting
Paint can be applied with a
variety of tools: brushes,
fingers, painting knives,
sticks.

7. PaintingPainting
Types of paint:
Tempera
Oil
Watercolor
Gouache
Acrylic
Encaustic
Casein

8. PaintingPainting
Tempera: water based, egg
binder, used prior to 1400’s,
colors cannot be mixed,
narrow range, fast-drying
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/t/tempera.html

9. PaintingPainting
Oil: easily mixed, more
permanent, used after 1400,
slow-drying, can be used in
thin layers called glazes or in
thick lumps to make an
impasto surface.

10. Tempera PaintTempera Paint
(not to be confused with(not to be confused with
tempura)tempura)
PROS and CONS of TEMPERA
Pro:
-Water-based -Easy clean up
-Fast drying
-Inexpensive
-May be overpainted
-Mostly opaque
-Works well on paper
-May be mixed with egg yolk and dry pigment for
more permanence

11. Examples of Tempera in
History:
• Super popular in the Middle Ages was egg tempera:
using dry pigment mixed with raw egg yolk to
make a permanent paint. Oil paint took over during
Renaissance.
Adoration of the Magi
Lorenzo Monaco, 1422

12. • Still used today for
Russian icon painting

15. PaintingPainting
Watercolor: most common
water-based paint, transparent.
White paint is seldom used to
lighten paint (water is used )
Light colors are applied first,
then dark, working from
background to foreground.
http://www.artlex.
com/ArtLex/wxyz/
watercolor.html

16. PaintingPainting
Gouache: water-based opaque
paint, it has more body and dries
more slowly than watercolor.
Similar to tempera.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/g/gouache.html

17. PaintingPainting
Acrylic: synthetic paint with
plastic binder
recent (20th
century), versatile,
similar to oil but dries faster, not
as shiny
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/acrylicpaints.html

18. PaintingPainting
Encaustic: ancient process of
mixing pigments with wax, and
then ironing the mixture to a
surface.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/encaustic.html

19. PaintingPainting
Casein: uses milk protein as a
binder, glue-like consistency
Too brittle to be used on canvas.
http://www.sinopia.com/casein.html

20. PaintingPainting
Fresco: mixing pigments with
plaster (walls, ceilings)
Buon “true” Fresco: paint is
bound in the wet plaster
Fresco secco: paint is applied to
dry plaster.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/fresco.html

21. PaintingPainting
Paint tube: invented in the late
19th
Century
Tremendous impact on style and
subject matter: impressionism
Allowed artists to
move out of the studio.
“en plein air”