Impressionism was an artistic movement that developed in France in the late 19th century. Artists such as Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, and Degas broke from traditional techniques to focus on capturing the effects of light and color through loose brushwork. Monet's painting Impression, Sunrise gave the movement its name. Key characteristics included painting outdoors and using dabs of color and optical mixing on the canvas. Post-Impressionism emerged later in the century as artists sought to combine Impressionism's techniques with more traditional composition and design.

1. IMPRESSIONISM

2. PAINTING: Developed in France in late 19 th century Artists who shared a set of related approaches & techniques Interest in natural colour and landscapes and the effects of light on the colour

3. Broke every rule of the French Academy of Fine Arts 1st artistic revolution since the Renaissance Term comes from Claude Monet’s painting Impression-Sunrise.

4. EDOUARD MANET 1832-1883 Trained as a traditional painter Message of them painter was in the brush strokes & the paint on the canvas Did not want to compete with the camera, but the viewer should look at his paintings

5. Music at Tuileries, 1862

6. Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

7. Olympia , 1863

8. Gare Saint-Lazare, 1873

9. The Bar at the Folies-Bergere , 1882

10. CLAUDE MONET, 1840-1926 Became leader of the Impressionist movement Span Realism to contemporary Abstract Loved to work outdoors Fascination with light

11. Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe, 1865-1866

12. Jardin a Sainte-Adresse , 1867

13. Impression, Sunrise , 1872

14. Style changed-flat brush strokes gave way to a shimmering effect with colour & light Use dabs of colour & mixed them on the canvas—technique is called optical mixing  became the basis of the Impressionist theories of colour & light

15. Poppies Blooming , 1873

16. Argenteuil , 1875

17. Woman with Parasol, 1875

18. Rue Montorgueil , 1878

19. Rouen Cathedral, Fascade, Sunset , 1892

20. Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies , 1899

21. Water Lilies , 1914

22. Water Lilies, 1920

23. CAMILLE PISSARO , 1830-1903 Born in the West Indies, came to Paris at 25 Years old to be an artist Favourite subject was street scenes of Paris

24. The Stage Coach at Louveciennes , 1870

25. Garden at Pontoise, 1875

26. PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR , 1841-1919 1st job was painting nudes in a porcelain factory 1 st period: interested in bright effects of light, typical of Impressionists

27. Nude in the Sun , 1875

28. The Swing , 1876

29. Moulin de la Galette , 1876

30. By the Water , 1880

31. 2 nd period: -gave up the effects of Impressionism & painted solid, carefully defined forms

32. On the Terrace , 1881

33. Girl Braiding her Hair , 1885

34. After the Bath , 1888

35. 3 rd period: -tried to unite by combining the formal; balance of traditional approaches with the shimmering effects of Impressionism

36. Girls at the Piano , 1892

37. Artist & His Family , 1895

38. Woman on the Coach, 1906

39. 4 th period: -fingers were crippled with arthritis  exaggeration of brushstrokes & more intense colours

40. Self Portrait , 1910

41. Bathers, 1918

42. BERTHE MORISOT , 1841-1895 Sister-in-law of Manet Posed for many of her friends Subjects were feminine

43. The Cradle , 1872

44. Eugene Manet on the Isle of Wright , 1875

45. Summer Day , 1879

46. EDGAR DEGAS, 1834-1917 Began under Ingres Master of line drawing 1 st artists to exhibit sketches Amateur photographer Painted in series, ballet, horses

47. Portrait of the Bellili Family, 1858-1867

48. At the Dance Class , 1872-1876

49. New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 1873

50. Ballet Rehearsal , 1873

51. Horseracing in Longchamps , 1873-75

52. L’Absinthe, 1876

53. At the Races , 1877

54. Ballet Rehearsal , 1878

55. MARY CASSETT , 1855-1927 Born in the USA, but came to Paris to study the Impressionist Mothers and children were her favourite subjects

56. The Boating Party, 1893-1894

57. JAMES ABBOTT WHISTLER , 1834-1903 American who moved to Paris to study art Worked in grays & blacks. Used thin glazes of colour to build up grays Influenced by Japanese prints

58. Portrait of Whistler with Hat , 1858

59. Harmony in Blue & Silver, 1865

60. Arrangement in Gray & Black No. 1: The Artists Mother , 1871

61. POST-IMPRESSIONISM By the end of the 19 th century Impressionism was changing Artists such as Renoir, Degas & Monet were exploring new styles Looked for something more substantial  wished to combine the colour & light of Impressionism with design & composition of traditional paintings

62. PAUL CEZANNE 1839-1906 Spent most of his life in Aix Started with Delacroix, but met Pissarro & adopted is styles Works refused by the Salon Painting should remain as flat canvases with paint on them

63. Portrait of Uncle Dominique , 1867

64. Self Portrait , 1875

65. Jas de Bouffan , 1876

66. The Card Players , 1892

67. Montagne Sainte-Victoire , 1892

68. Still Life with a Curtain , 1895

69. GEORGE SEURAT 1859-1891 Sunny pictures Pointillism-result is grainy

70. Bathers at Asnieres , 1884

71. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte , 1884-`1886

72. The Circus , 1891

73. HENRI de TOULOUSE-LAUTREC 1864-1901 Born into noble family, but became a dwarf at 14 Moved to Paris to paint Drew caricatures of night life

74. Moulin-Rouge Poster, 1891

75. At the Moulin Rouge , 1892

76. Salon at the Rue des Moulin , 1894

77. VINCENT VAN GOGH 1853-1890 Worked as an art dealer, etc. began painting at 27 Mental depression & was admitted into sanatoriums Produced over 800 paintings in 10 years Committed suicide at 37 Lead the movement that became known as Expressionism

78. Still Life, 1881

79. Self Portrait , 1887

80. Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers, August 1888

81. The Café Terrace on the Place de Forum, Arles, at Night . September 1888

82. Starry, Starry Night , June 1889

83. Entrance of the Hospital, 1889

84. Portrait of Dr.Gachet , 1890

85. ARCHITECTURE Became innovative as structural steel freed up the limitations that allowed architects to go as high as they pleased 1 st skyscapers in Chicago in the 1880’s Lines were simple

86. The Brookline Bridge , 1869-1883

87. Eiffel Tower, 1887-1889

88. MUSIC Rise of national music, folk songs, & national history provided the inspiration for operas Era of the travelling performer who played to audiences. Composers wrote music to amaze the audience

89. FRANZ LISZT 1811-1886 Hungarian composer Over 1200 compositions Innovative piano compositions based on gypsy music 1 st composer to perform solo piano concerts  turned the piano sideways, so the audience could see his hands Taught music in Vienna to 100’s Faust Symphony (1854) Hungarian Rhapsody http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =ejXPcv9MS7s

90. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Russian composer who was educated in Law school, but left to study music wrote symphonies, operas, ballets & popular concert music, including: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker, The 1812 Overture http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =u2W1Wi2U9sQ http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =FY4Y1gTO9HE

91. RICHARD STRAUSS 1864-1949 Wrote symphonic poems & operas-to convey emotions, Don Juan (1888) Thus Spake Zarathustra (1896) Don Quixote (1897) http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =SLuW-GBaJ8k http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =_CTYymbbEL4

92. LITERATURE A great period for fiction Not content with realist’s aim to reflect life with accuracy , but to deal with human development & their problems Prose literature dealt with protests & exposed people as greedy, selfish, combative, etc.

93. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW 1856-1950 Born into poverty in Ireland Self-educated in economics & politics Prominent Fabian, expressing views on feminism war, religion & socialism Considered the greatest dramatist in the English language since Shakespeare  won Nobel prize for literature in 1925

94. Plays included: Mrs. Warren’s Profession (1893) Arms & the Man (1894) Caesar & Cleopatra (1898) Man & Superman (1905) Pygmalion (1913) St. Joan (1923)

95. H.G. WELLS, 1866-1946 Studied zoology Fabian Society in 1903  Liberal Democrat Research Committee for the League of Nations (1918) Pioneered modern science fiction Believed in the perfectibility of mankind through evolution

96. Works included: The Time Machine (1895) The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896) The Invisible Man (1897) The War of the Worlds (1898) A Modern Utopia (1905) The New Machiavelli (1911)