The EFQM Model –A primer


                                            Sustainable Growth:

                                            -Imperatives for 2020 and
                                            beyond




Extracts from the workshop materials of our 2012 Practical Excellence
 Workshops are shared here for use as a primer on the EFQM model.
                   If you‟d like to join us at a 2012 Event go to:
          http://www.leadershipagenda.com/training-workshops.html

                  ©                                                     0
                                                         Q1 2012
Is Sustainable Excellence Important?
   Rear View (exploiting                     Forward View (Responsiveness
resources or positioning)                    and agility to seize opportunity)

      Predictable change                     Unpredictable change

    Better execution of                      Faster adoption of
           old concepts                      new concepts

  Standing Still is not an option, challenging and learning are essential
                        organisational competencies

       Excellence Models can help:
           • Engage all stakeholders in a review of organisational +/-
           • Understand coherency and depth of strategy implementation
           • Compare with others and learn
           • Create a common vocabulary
           • Drive future performance
           • Get you recognition…..
                    ©                                                       1
                                                      Q1 2012
How should we define Excellence?
       Begin with the proven thinking of others, EFQM defines it in this way:


“Excellent organisations achieve and sustain
 superior levels of performance that meet or
     exceed the expectations of all their
                 stakeholders”
    “Achieving” Excellence is one thing, “sustaining” it is another level of challenge; it means that
    superior performance must be seen to be maintained over time.
 “Superior” is a contextual word, where context is given by reviewing performance both quantitatively
  and qualitatively, with competitors and proven leading edge organisations both from the same sphere
  as your organisation and from other sectors
 “All stakeholders” brings added meaning, it is not just about meeting or exceeding the expectations
  of one stakeholder group but, for long term success, a balance must be obtained with all groups with
  a vested interest in the success of the organisation (i.e. its “Owners”, its Customers, its People and
  the Society in which it operates).




                          ©                                                                              2
                                                                            Q1 2012
EFQM is …

 Non-for-profit, started in
  1989
 Owners of the EFQM
  Excellence Model
 Engaging
  organisations, leading
  collaborative exchange
 Creating
  assessment/recognition/cer
  tification networks
 Led by business leaders
 Core team in Brussels –
  thousands around the
  globe
 Worth joining (see
  www.efqm.org)




                  ©                      3
                               Q1 2012
Assess yourself with the EFQM Model?




       The Aim: “Achieve and sustain superior levels of
     performance that meet or exceed the expectations of
                      all stakeholders.”


               ©                                           4
                                              Q1 2012
1. Leadership




        ©                 5
                Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Leadership
In our experience Leaders in high performing organisations put emphasis on:

•   Showing that they “Know what they expect” and ensure everyone “knows how they will realise it”.
•   Personally meeting with, and knowing the needs and expectations of, their key stakeholders.
•   Respecting, understanding and transparently engaging with people at all levels in the organisation
    and its Key Partners, Alliances, Customers and Suppliers.
•   Stimulating and participating in innovative and creative thinking by personally using the
    improvement methodologies provided for their people, thereby role modelling desired behaviours.
•   Understanding how their leadership behaviour influences others and using fact-based processes to
    obtain feedback on their personal and collective leadership behaviour.
•   Understanding what motivates and de-motivates their people and teams and aligning their reward
    and recognition processes with such expectations in mind.
•   Creating transparent, efficient and effective governance and management systems, ensuring that
    clear roles and accountabilities are assigned.
•   Maintaining foresight of a range of change scenarios, both positive and negative, that may affect
    the organisation and building awareness in their people and other stakeholders of the likely
    changes needed were these to occur.
•   Ensuring that people act with integrity and values and confront any variances.
•   Coaching and supporting other leaders at all levels.




                          ©                                                                              6
                                                                          Q1 2012
2. Strategy




        ©               7
              Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Strategy
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations are:

   Effective at acquiring, analysing, and widely disseminating reliable stakeholder and market focused information and
    anticipating the impact of potential conflicts resulting from their attempted balancing of the needs and priorities of
    different stakeholders
   Tracking the competitive, environmental, societal, economic, and demographic factors, which may change
    stakeholder behaviour and create opportunity or risk.
   Creating a range of future scenarios to sensitise managers to potential opportunities/risks and help strategic
    planning.
   Understanding their current performance/competences and which future core business competencies will likely
    enable success in the scenarios they foresee.
   Maintaining a framework of key processes to deliver strategy and develop needed competencies.
   Realising that strategic and operational speed may be important and using cycle time as a driver so rapid
    deployment can occur.
   Strategically reviewing past achievements, or failures, and attempting to understand causality.
   Predicting what are the key results that will most likely drive their future success and managing them closely.
   Communicating strategies, policies and plans to key stakeholders, monitoring their performance and listening to
    their feedback.
   Operating plans, budgets and performance review and reward processes that recognises strategically relevant
    outcomes and efforts   .

                               ©                                                                                        8
                                                                                      Q1 2012
3. People




        ©             9
            Q1 2012
Good Practices: -People
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:


   Developing people numbers and capabilities consistent with strategy and policy to meet current, emerging and
    future business needs.
   Ensuring organisational structures are aligned with key processes, and that clarity of people roles and
    accountabilities exists within the structure.
   Ensuring that team and individual reward/recognition is aligned with cascaded strategic goals.
   Being willing to confront non-performance, initially with supportive coaching, counselling and support.
   Having clarity on the degree of empowerment that they believe is appropriate and making this clear with guidance
    and clear boundaries.
   Having robust succession plans for key posts.
   Systematically identifying the communication expectations of different parts of the organisation and implementing
    structured plans to manage or satisfy these expectations.
   Using surveys and other forms of employee feedback/monitoring to get insights on employee‟s satisfaction and
    motivation.
   Understand the contribution of people to the organisation‟s success, their needs and expectations and how best to
    be able to care for them.
   Creating a culture where creativity and innovation is valued, improvement is the norm, and competent failure can
    be accepted.



                             ©                                                                                          10
                                                                                      Q1 2012
4. Partnership and Resources




        ©                         11
                        Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Partnerships and Resources
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:
 Conducting regular measurement and systematic reviews of the relationships with key partners,
  including the potential use of the expertise of suppliers and partners in the design of new products
  and services.
 Understanding the financing needs for both current and multiple future strategies.
 Understanding the external controls on financial flexibility that are needed to demonstrate ethical
  and transparent governance but with maximum freedom to operate within the organisation.
 Monitoring and managing improvement of financial systems.
 Maintaining building, materials and equipment strategies linked to future strategic growth needs.
 Regularly reviewing the use of materials, work in progress and inventory.
 Tracking and evaluating trends in technology and knowledge and have appropriately robust
  processes to manage the intellectual property of their own processes and knowledge.
 Having a strategy for managing knowledge
 Operating processes to ensure that information validity, availability, integrity and security /
  confidentiality are assured
 Assessing and developing the environmental performance of the organisation and its suppliers.



                           ©                                                                             12
                                                                             Q1 2012
5. Processes, Products and Services




        ©                         13
                        Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Processes, Products and Services
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:


 Having high-level process maps to describe the structure, linkages and operation of all key
  processes.
 Having assigned owners, responsibilities and standards for all processes.
 Developing products and services in a structured way.
 Having innovation management systems.
 Using valid process level performance targeting techniques.
 Understanding and communicating the value proposition, features and benefits of the
  organisation's products and services to current and potential marketplaces.
 Monitoring and overseeing that promises made are delivered.
 Ensuring ever improving product and service consistency.
 Managing products and services throughout their entire life-cycle considering environmental
  impacts where appropriate.
 Developing customer relationships and an acuity for diagnosing unmet customer or market needs,
  as well as general process improvements.


                        ©                                                                          14
                                                                         Q1 2012
Tests of Good KPI management


 1. Do the KPI‟s have a clearly accountable owner at senior
     level?
 2. Are they primarily controllable by the owner?
 3. Do they have a significant impact on desired performance?
 4. Are they aligned to strategy/portfolio level objectives?
 5. Are they an appropriate mixture of leading and lagging
     indicators?
 6. Are they really built down, not around?
 7. Are they SMART?
 8. Are they regularly measured reported?
 9. Is the data reliable?
 10. Are performance related issues and opportunities being
     acted upon?



                ©                                               15
                                               Q1 2012
6. Customer Results




        ©                       16
                      Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Customer Results
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:


 Seeing themselves as their Customers see them.
 Understand both the needs and expectations of those who they regard as Customers.
 Have a focus on the key data sets that are the most important to manage
 Constantly hunt for latent or unmet Customer needs.
 Understand what is likely to drive/enable future Customer loyalty and satisfaction
 Identify and manage Enablers and related data to help drive performance in areas of
  the business likely to drive enhanced Customer Results.
 Have clarity on the reasons for choosing the benchmark organisations/comparative
  data sets that are used.
 Track and act on both long and short-term priorities for customers




                     ©                                                                  17
                                                                Q1 2012
7. People Results




        ©                     18
                    Q1 2012
Good Practices: -People Results
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:


 Seeing themselves as their People see them.
 Segmenting the analysis of people data by organisational units/levels/sectors, to
  ensure that insights, resources, and improvement activity are appropriately targeted
 Being seen to understand/act upon the reasons for successes and shortfalls
 Understanding what is likely to drive/enable motivation and satisfaction needed for the
  future and there-by have a focus on the Enablers to review and manage.
 Understanding what will be needed to gain or retain “talent” in the future, if it is
  different to that of today, and how this may effect the tracking and monitoring of
  People satisfaction and motivation.
 Have clarity on the reasons for choosing the benchmark organisations/comparative
  data sets that are used.
 Track and act on both long and short-term priorities for People.




                      ©                                                                  19
                                                                  Q1 2012
8. Society Results




        ©                      20
                     Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Society Results
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:
 Understanding the risk/opportunities that Societal performance may create for the organisations
  “Brand” .
 Understanding and obtaining broad stakeholder engagement.
 Having governance processes that embrace and measure Human Rights, Labour Practices, The
  Environment, Fair Operating Practices, Product Responsibility, Consumer Issues, and Community
  Involvement and Development.
 Identifying a range of societal perception measures and tracking data which will provide insights as to
  how their organisation functions and is perceived in the societies it operates in, or impacts upon.
 Understand the causes of trends, over time, in the results.
 Compare their organisation‟s societal performance to targets and understand/act upon the reasons for
  successes and shortfalls.
 Compare their performance to that of others/ „best in class‟ organisations.
 Segment the analysis of societal data by local, regional, national or global dimensions, as appropriate
  to the operations/products/services involved.




                          ©                                                                            21
                                                                          Q1 2012
9. Key Results




        ©                  22
                 Q1 2012
Good Practices: -Key Results
In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:


 Defining and agreeing with key stakeholders the relevant financial measures that will track the
  deployment/achievement of their chosen strategies. (these will typically include profit and loss,
  balance sheet, cash flow, and shareholder value-added in commercial organisations, and
  performance against budgets in non-commercial areas)
 Defining a set of key non-financial measures that are indicative of success with the key strategic
  aims defined in the organisation‟s Strategy and Policies (depending on the type of organisation and
  its strategy these may include measures such as market share, innovation rates, learning,
  breakthrough project activities, flexibility, and responsiveness to change)
 Track and understand the causes of trends, over time, in the results above
 Compare their performance to their strategies, targets and plans, in order to understand/act upon
  the reasons for successes and shortfalls
 Understand what is likely to drive/enable future success
 Segment their data by organisational units/level/sectors to ensure that insights, resources, and
  improvement activity are appropriately targeted;
 Compare their performance to that of competitors and/or „best in class‟ organisations;



                         ©                                                                            23
                                                                          Q1 2012
Seven Steps to Success




        ©                          24
                         Q1 2012
Seven Steps to Success

Step 1: Agree and Share the Aims
Step 2: Get “Everyone on Board”
Step 3: Frame the Scope and Strategic Context
Step 4: Assign Roles, Responsibilities and Accountabilities
Step 5: Create Sound Plans
Step 6: Overcome Road-Blocks
Step 7: Prepare for and use the resultant analyis




                ©                                        25
                                           Q1 2012
Use Mapping Templates




       ©                          26
                        Q1 2012
For Results




        ©               27
              Q1 2012
Practical Excellence 2012 Events


                                                       Sustainable Growth:

                                                       -Imperatives for 2020 and
                                                       beyond




  Extracts from the workshop materials are shared here for use as a primer on the EFQM model.


If you’d like to know more and join us at a 2012 Event go to:
http://www.leadershipagenda.com/training-workshops.html
                       ©                                                                        28
                                                                       Q1 2012

EFQM Sustainable Excellence -Primer and Good Practices

  • 1.
    The EFQM Model–A primer Sustainable Growth: -Imperatives for 2020 and beyond Extracts from the workshop materials of our 2012 Practical Excellence Workshops are shared here for use as a primer on the EFQM model. If you‟d like to join us at a 2012 Event go to: http://www.leadershipagenda.com/training-workshops.html © 0 Q1 2012
  • 2.
    Is Sustainable ExcellenceImportant? Rear View (exploiting Forward View (Responsiveness resources or positioning) and agility to seize opportunity) Predictable change Unpredictable change Better execution of Faster adoption of old concepts new concepts Standing Still is not an option, challenging and learning are essential organisational competencies Excellence Models can help: • Engage all stakeholders in a review of organisational +/- • Understand coherency and depth of strategy implementation • Compare with others and learn • Create a common vocabulary • Drive future performance • Get you recognition….. © 1 Q1 2012
  • 3.
    How should wedefine Excellence? Begin with the proven thinking of others, EFQM defines it in this way: “Excellent organisations achieve and sustain superior levels of performance that meet or exceed the expectations of all their stakeholders”  “Achieving” Excellence is one thing, “sustaining” it is another level of challenge; it means that superior performance must be seen to be maintained over time.  “Superior” is a contextual word, where context is given by reviewing performance both quantitatively and qualitatively, with competitors and proven leading edge organisations both from the same sphere as your organisation and from other sectors  “All stakeholders” brings added meaning, it is not just about meeting or exceeding the expectations of one stakeholder group but, for long term success, a balance must be obtained with all groups with a vested interest in the success of the organisation (i.e. its “Owners”, its Customers, its People and the Society in which it operates). © 2 Q1 2012
  • 4.
    EFQM is … Non-for-profit, started in 1989  Owners of the EFQM Excellence Model  Engaging organisations, leading collaborative exchange  Creating assessment/recognition/cer tification networks  Led by business leaders  Core team in Brussels – thousands around the globe  Worth joining (see www.efqm.org) © 3 Q1 2012
  • 5.
    Assess yourself withthe EFQM Model? The Aim: “Achieve and sustain superior levels of performance that meet or exceed the expectations of all stakeholders.” © 4 Q1 2012
  • 6.
    1. Leadership © 5 Q1 2012
  • 7.
    Good Practices: -Leadership Inour experience Leaders in high performing organisations put emphasis on: • Showing that they “Know what they expect” and ensure everyone “knows how they will realise it”. • Personally meeting with, and knowing the needs and expectations of, their key stakeholders. • Respecting, understanding and transparently engaging with people at all levels in the organisation and its Key Partners, Alliances, Customers and Suppliers. • Stimulating and participating in innovative and creative thinking by personally using the improvement methodologies provided for their people, thereby role modelling desired behaviours. • Understanding how their leadership behaviour influences others and using fact-based processes to obtain feedback on their personal and collective leadership behaviour. • Understanding what motivates and de-motivates their people and teams and aligning their reward and recognition processes with such expectations in mind. • Creating transparent, efficient and effective governance and management systems, ensuring that clear roles and accountabilities are assigned. • Maintaining foresight of a range of change scenarios, both positive and negative, that may affect the organisation and building awareness in their people and other stakeholders of the likely changes needed were these to occur. • Ensuring that people act with integrity and values and confront any variances. • Coaching and supporting other leaders at all levels. © 6 Q1 2012
  • 8.
    2. Strategy © 7 Q1 2012
  • 9.
    Good Practices: -Strategy Inour analyses we find that high performing organisations are:  Effective at acquiring, analysing, and widely disseminating reliable stakeholder and market focused information and anticipating the impact of potential conflicts resulting from their attempted balancing of the needs and priorities of different stakeholders  Tracking the competitive, environmental, societal, economic, and demographic factors, which may change stakeholder behaviour and create opportunity or risk.  Creating a range of future scenarios to sensitise managers to potential opportunities/risks and help strategic planning.  Understanding their current performance/competences and which future core business competencies will likely enable success in the scenarios they foresee.  Maintaining a framework of key processes to deliver strategy and develop needed competencies.  Realising that strategic and operational speed may be important and using cycle time as a driver so rapid deployment can occur.  Strategically reviewing past achievements, or failures, and attempting to understand causality.  Predicting what are the key results that will most likely drive their future success and managing them closely.  Communicating strategies, policies and plans to key stakeholders, monitoring their performance and listening to their feedback.  Operating plans, budgets and performance review and reward processes that recognises strategically relevant outcomes and efforts . © 8 Q1 2012
  • 10.
    3. People © 9 Q1 2012
  • 11.
    Good Practices: -People Inour analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Developing people numbers and capabilities consistent with strategy and policy to meet current, emerging and future business needs.  Ensuring organisational structures are aligned with key processes, and that clarity of people roles and accountabilities exists within the structure.  Ensuring that team and individual reward/recognition is aligned with cascaded strategic goals.  Being willing to confront non-performance, initially with supportive coaching, counselling and support.  Having clarity on the degree of empowerment that they believe is appropriate and making this clear with guidance and clear boundaries.  Having robust succession plans for key posts.  Systematically identifying the communication expectations of different parts of the organisation and implementing structured plans to manage or satisfy these expectations.  Using surveys and other forms of employee feedback/monitoring to get insights on employee‟s satisfaction and motivation.  Understand the contribution of people to the organisation‟s success, their needs and expectations and how best to be able to care for them.  Creating a culture where creativity and innovation is valued, improvement is the norm, and competent failure can be accepted. © 10 Q1 2012
  • 12.
    4. Partnership andResources © 11 Q1 2012
  • 13.
    Good Practices: -Partnershipsand Resources In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Conducting regular measurement and systematic reviews of the relationships with key partners, including the potential use of the expertise of suppliers and partners in the design of new products and services.  Understanding the financing needs for both current and multiple future strategies.  Understanding the external controls on financial flexibility that are needed to demonstrate ethical and transparent governance but with maximum freedom to operate within the organisation.  Monitoring and managing improvement of financial systems.  Maintaining building, materials and equipment strategies linked to future strategic growth needs.  Regularly reviewing the use of materials, work in progress and inventory.  Tracking and evaluating trends in technology and knowledge and have appropriately robust processes to manage the intellectual property of their own processes and knowledge.  Having a strategy for managing knowledge  Operating processes to ensure that information validity, availability, integrity and security / confidentiality are assured  Assessing and developing the environmental performance of the organisation and its suppliers. © 12 Q1 2012
  • 14.
    5. Processes, Productsand Services © 13 Q1 2012
  • 15.
    Good Practices: -Processes,Products and Services In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Having high-level process maps to describe the structure, linkages and operation of all key processes.  Having assigned owners, responsibilities and standards for all processes.  Developing products and services in a structured way.  Having innovation management systems.  Using valid process level performance targeting techniques.  Understanding and communicating the value proposition, features and benefits of the organisation's products and services to current and potential marketplaces.  Monitoring and overseeing that promises made are delivered.  Ensuring ever improving product and service consistency.  Managing products and services throughout their entire life-cycle considering environmental impacts where appropriate.  Developing customer relationships and an acuity for diagnosing unmet customer or market needs, as well as general process improvements. © 14 Q1 2012
  • 16.
    Tests of GoodKPI management 1. Do the KPI‟s have a clearly accountable owner at senior level? 2. Are they primarily controllable by the owner? 3. Do they have a significant impact on desired performance? 4. Are they aligned to strategy/portfolio level objectives? 5. Are they an appropriate mixture of leading and lagging indicators? 6. Are they really built down, not around? 7. Are they SMART? 8. Are they regularly measured reported? 9. Is the data reliable? 10. Are performance related issues and opportunities being acted upon? © 15 Q1 2012
  • 17.
    6. Customer Results © 16 Q1 2012
  • 18.
    Good Practices: -CustomerResults In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Seeing themselves as their Customers see them.  Understand both the needs and expectations of those who they regard as Customers.  Have a focus on the key data sets that are the most important to manage  Constantly hunt for latent or unmet Customer needs.  Understand what is likely to drive/enable future Customer loyalty and satisfaction  Identify and manage Enablers and related data to help drive performance in areas of the business likely to drive enhanced Customer Results.  Have clarity on the reasons for choosing the benchmark organisations/comparative data sets that are used.  Track and act on both long and short-term priorities for customers © 17 Q1 2012
  • 19.
    7. People Results © 18 Q1 2012
  • 20.
    Good Practices: -PeopleResults In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Seeing themselves as their People see them.  Segmenting the analysis of people data by organisational units/levels/sectors, to ensure that insights, resources, and improvement activity are appropriately targeted  Being seen to understand/act upon the reasons for successes and shortfalls  Understanding what is likely to drive/enable motivation and satisfaction needed for the future and there-by have a focus on the Enablers to review and manage.  Understanding what will be needed to gain or retain “talent” in the future, if it is different to that of today, and how this may effect the tracking and monitoring of People satisfaction and motivation.  Have clarity on the reasons for choosing the benchmark organisations/comparative data sets that are used.  Track and act on both long and short-term priorities for People. © 19 Q1 2012
  • 21.
    8. Society Results © 20 Q1 2012
  • 22.
    Good Practices: -SocietyResults In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Understanding the risk/opportunities that Societal performance may create for the organisations “Brand” .  Understanding and obtaining broad stakeholder engagement.  Having governance processes that embrace and measure Human Rights, Labour Practices, The Environment, Fair Operating Practices, Product Responsibility, Consumer Issues, and Community Involvement and Development.  Identifying a range of societal perception measures and tracking data which will provide insights as to how their organisation functions and is perceived in the societies it operates in, or impacts upon.  Understand the causes of trends, over time, in the results.  Compare their organisation‟s societal performance to targets and understand/act upon the reasons for successes and shortfalls.  Compare their performance to that of others/ „best in class‟ organisations.  Segment the analysis of societal data by local, regional, national or global dimensions, as appropriate to the operations/products/services involved. © 21 Q1 2012
  • 23.
    9. Key Results © 22 Q1 2012
  • 24.
    Good Practices: -KeyResults In our analyses we find that high performing organisations put emphasis on:  Defining and agreeing with key stakeholders the relevant financial measures that will track the deployment/achievement of their chosen strategies. (these will typically include profit and loss, balance sheet, cash flow, and shareholder value-added in commercial organisations, and performance against budgets in non-commercial areas)  Defining a set of key non-financial measures that are indicative of success with the key strategic aims defined in the organisation‟s Strategy and Policies (depending on the type of organisation and its strategy these may include measures such as market share, innovation rates, learning, breakthrough project activities, flexibility, and responsiveness to change)  Track and understand the causes of trends, over time, in the results above  Compare their performance to their strategies, targets and plans, in order to understand/act upon the reasons for successes and shortfalls  Understand what is likely to drive/enable future success  Segment their data by organisational units/level/sectors to ensure that insights, resources, and improvement activity are appropriately targeted;  Compare their performance to that of competitors and/or „best in class‟ organisations;  © 23 Q1 2012
  • 25.
    Seven Steps toSuccess © 24 Q1 2012
  • 26.
    Seven Steps toSuccess Step 1: Agree and Share the Aims Step 2: Get “Everyone on Board” Step 3: Frame the Scope and Strategic Context Step 4: Assign Roles, Responsibilities and Accountabilities Step 5: Create Sound Plans Step 6: Overcome Road-Blocks Step 7: Prepare for and use the resultant analyis © 25 Q1 2012
  • 27.
  • 28.
    For Results © 27 Q1 2012
  • 29.
    Practical Excellence 2012Events Sustainable Growth: -Imperatives for 2020 and beyond Extracts from the workshop materials are shared here for use as a primer on the EFQM model. If you’d like to know more and join us at a 2012 Event go to: http://www.leadershipagenda.com/training-workshops.html © 28 Q1 2012