Efp Tugas UAS, Rangkuman dari lima Jurnal Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak dengan Metode Pirolisis sebagai Energi Alternatif.

1. Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak
(BBM) dengan Metode Pirolisis Sebagai Energi Alternatif
Lydia Nurkumalawati*)
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jakarta State
University.
Pemuda No. 10 Rawamangun street, East Jakarta 13220.
*) Email: 91.lydianur@gmail.com
Abstract
Plastic waste is inorganic waste consisting of chemicals that are harmful to the
environment because they are not readily biodegradable and require decades to
decompose. Therefore it is necessary to do the processing by converting plastic
waste into valuable products. The research objective is to reduce ecosystem
pollution caused by inorganic plastic waste which is very difficult to be
deciphered naturally, processed and turned into economically valuable fuel oil
and helps to overcome the fuel oil crisis. This research uses experimental
methods, namely thermochemical and pyrolysis processes. This research tries to
study the best process in processing plastic into fuel. The research variables were
carried out with a pyrolysis time of 60 minutes, pyrolysis temperature of 300°C,
a lot of waste 110 ml and 145 ml, testing based on fuel standards in Indonesia.
The results of pyrolysis fuels approaching the Indonesian national standard
diesel fuel (SNI) in pyrolysis oil Polypropylene (PP) plastic material are 777,777
kg/m3 and in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic is 714,285 kg/m3. with
the most plastic waste processes, namely 818,181 kg/m3 and with oil density (30)
of 551,728 kg/m3, an increase in ethanol and diesel densities of 818,181 kg/m3,
respectively. So that the pyrolysis plastic oil can be used as an alternative energy
that has economic value.
Keywords: Waste plastics, thermochemistry, pyrolysis, Polypropylene, High
Density Polyethylene, fuel oil.

2. 1. Introduction.
The processing of plastic waste as one of
the developments of science, there is a
lot of plastic waste that has accumulated
which causes damage to the ecosystem,
because plastic waste is inorganic waste
which is very difficult to be deciphered
naturally.
The use of fuel oil is increasing along
with population growth and industrial
growth and the depletion of fossil fuels.
So the processing of plastic waste as an
alternative fuel is carried out in this
study as an effort to overcome the
problem of the crisis of oil energy
sources. Plastic waste treated with
reversible thermoplastic types, such as
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE),
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE),
Polypropylene (PP), Polypropylene
Terephtalate (PET), and Polyethylene
(PE). And in this experiment using a
type of plastic waste from
PolyPropylene and High Density
PolyEthylene which are found in many
communities. So that it can reduce the
pollution of the ecosystem which then
becomes something that has economic
value and helps overcome the fuel oil
crisis.
Processing plastic waste as one of the
development of knowledge, many
plastic waste in the community that
cause damage to the ecosystem, because
plastic waste is inorganic waste that is
very difficult to be deciphered naturally.
Increased use of fuel oil in line with
population growth and industrial growth
requires fossil fuels to run low. So
processing plastic waste as an alternative
fuel is done as an effort to overcome the
setbacks of oil energy sources. Plastic
waste that is processed by reversible
thermoplastic types, such High Density
Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density
Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene
(PP), Polypropylene Terephtalate (PET),
and Polyethylene (PE). And in this
experiment using a type of plastic waste
from PolyPropylene (PP) and High
Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) which
are found in many communities.
Valuable can reduce the pollution of
ecosystems that are processed into
valuable products.
The purpose of the experiment is to
utilize plastic waste by the method of
pyrolysis. Namely the process of
decomposition of a material at high
temperatures without the presence of air
or with limited air. Elizabeth A.
Williams and Paul T. Williams (1997)
explain pyrolysis is a tertiary recycling
process and has the ability to provide
three final products: gas, oil, and
charcoal, all of which support for further

3. utilization. Pyrolysis technology of
plastic waste is an organic
decomposition process contained in
plastics through the process of releasing
oxygen, where raw materials will
facilitate the preparation of chemical
structures into gas, oil, and residues in
the form of candles and charcoal. In the
pyrolysis process the hydrocarbon
compounds needed by plastic can be
converted into shorter hydrocarbons and
can be used as fuel oil. This process is
carried out using a device consisting of
two main components consisting of a
reactor tube made as a place that is
running. And the condenser tube which
functions as a cooler that will convert the
heating gas into oil.
Research on processing plastic
waste into fuel with the pyrolysis
method has been carried out, one of
which was Hendra Prasetyo,
Rudhiyanto, and Ilham Eka in 2013 in a
journal entitled "Plastic Waste Waste
Processing Machines into Alternative
Fuels". This machine uses the principle
of pyrolysis with two levels of condenser
arranged, where the plastic will be
heated in a reactor whose heat energy
source uses LPG gas. After the plastic is
heated to a temperature above its melting
point, it will become steam that passes
through the cooling pipe and a
condensation process occurs to produce
an alternative fuel. The first test was
carried out using 1 kg plastic bottles at
2000C in 25 minutes to produce 0.5
liters of plastic oil. The second test using
plastic bag 1 kg at a temperature of
3000C within 30 minutes to produce 0.5
liters.
2. Experimental setup.
Manufacture of fuel oil from HDPE
plastic waste begins with the design of a
pyrolysis reactor. This pyrolysis reactor
is made of stainless steel¸ which consists
of three main components, namely
heating tubes, distillation tubes, and
condensers, as in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Pyrolysis circuit.
Supporting tools The pyrolysis
process is a distillation device, GC-MS,
centrifuges, scales, measuring cups,
stopwatches, stoves, LPG gas, and
plastic waste, and ceramic ball catalysts.
In the study carried out by inserting
plastic waste into the reactor then heated
at temperatures of 100°C, 150°C, 200°C,
250°C, and 300°C with a thermometer
controller so that the temperature is
stable. Pyrolysis process with variations
in condensation temperature of 26°C
and 17°C. In the first variation using
heating temperatures from 563.6ᵒC to
703.4ᵒC, and in the second variation

4. using heating temperatures from
587.5ᵒC to 726.2ᵒC, then compared the
length of time and heating temperature
with the capacity of pyrolysis oil
produced by plastic waste. Waste plastic
is put into the pyrolysis reactor tube so
that it changes from solid to gas
(sublime). By turning on the water
pump, it can pump water from the water-
filled container to the condenser as a
coolant in the reactor tube, for the
liquefaction process. At this thawing
stage, distillation is carried out on the
condenser to produce pyrolysis oil in the
form of liquid smoke into a measuring
cup and stored for refining to produce
impuritis and fuel. Then distilled at
115°C until the fuel is obtained.Waste
plastic is put into the pyrolysis reactor
tube so that it changes from solid to gas
(sublime). By turning on the water
pump, it can pump water from the water-
filled container to the condenser as a
coolant in the reactor tube, which is
called the liquefaction process. At this
thawing stage, distillation is carried out
on the condenser to produce pyrolysis
oil in the form of liquid smoke produced
in a measuring cup then stored for
distillation to produce impuritis and fuel.
Then distilled at 115°C until the fuel is
obtained.
3. Results.
The results of research into processing plastic
waste into fuel oil (BBM) by pyrolysis method,
from PP (Polypropylene) type plastic waste from
glass mineral water plastic packaging and HDPE
(High Density Polyethylene) from plastic bags as
follows:The research obtained the following data:
Table 1. Data from Observation of Plastic
Waste Pyrolysis Process.
NO.
Suhu
Reaktor
(°C)
Plastik PP Plastik HDPE
Waktu
(menit)
Densitas
Pirolisis
Waktu
(menit)
Densitas
Pirolisis
1 100 130 000,000 120 000,000
2 150 120 666,666 100 583,333
3 200 100 777,777 50 857,142
4 250 100 611,111 30 714,285
5 300 60 818,181 30 551,724
From table 1, PP plastic obtained pyrolysis
oil density approaching ethanol 777,777
kg/m3 at 200°C with pyrolysis time of 100
minutes; And solar, namely 818,181
obtained at a temperature of 300°C with a
pyrolysis time of 60 minutes. Whereas
HDPE plastic pyrolysis oil approaches
gasoline density value of 714,285 kg/m3 at
250°C with a pyrolysis time of 30 minutes.
Figure 2 Graphs of Relationships between
Reaktor Temperature and Plastic Oil Density.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 15 20 25 30
Suhu Reaktor °C
GrafikHubungan antara Suhu Reaktor dan
Densitas Minyak Plastik
Minyak Plastik
Minyak Plastik

5. In figure 2, the highest density value for
PP plastic at 300°C is 818.181 kg/m3 and
the lowest oil density at 250°C is
611,111 kg/m3. while the highest density
of HDPE plastic at 200°C is 857,142
kg/m3 and the lowest density at 300°C is
551,728 kg/m3.
The relationship between reactor
temperature and pyrolysis time shows
that pyrolysis time is faster according to
temperature rise, with the fastest
acquisition time for PP and HDPE
plastics at 3000C with 60 minutes and 30
minutes and for the longest time at
1000C with 1300C and 1200C. The
length of time of pyrolysis of each
plastic oil density value is different,
where the longest PP and HDPE plastic
is 130 minutes and 120 minutes with the
density of PP and HDPE plastic 0 kg /
m3. Whereas the fastest PP plastic is 60
minutes with an oil density of 818,181
kg / m3 and the fastest HDPE plastic is
30 minutes at 714,285 kg / m3 and
551,728 kg / m3.
For the density of plastic oil in PP
plastics approaching the density of fuel
oil is 777,777 kg / m3 at 2000C with
densities approaching ethanol fuel (789
kg / m3) having a difference of 11,223
kg / m3 and 818,181 kg / m3. At
temperatures of 3000C with densities
approaching diesel fuel (832 kg / m3) it
has a difference of 13,819 kg / m3. Both
of these densities are close to the value
of fuel density in general. In HDPE
plastic which approaches the density of
fuel oil is 714,285 at 2500C with a
density close to the density of gasoline
(710 kg / m3-770 kg / m3). HDPE plastic
density, only one is close to the density
value in general fuel. While others have
very big differences.
Factors that influence the pyrolysis fuel
yield are reactor temperature, pyrolysis
time, and oil density.
4. Conclution.
Based on research that has been
done, it can be concluded that in the
study, the density of PP plastic fuel oil is
777,777 kg/m3 at 200°C close to ethanol
fuel (789 kg/m3) and 818.181 kg/m3 at
300°C and diesel fuel (832) kg/m3). In
HDPE plastics approaching the density
of 714,285 fuel oil at 250°C and the
density of gasoline (710 kg/m3-770
kg/m3).
PP type plastic pyrolysis time,
variable percentage, and oil density () to
temperature variable (Y) of 0.9042 or
90.42%. And other variables at 9.58%.
In HDPE type plastics have () of the
temperature variable (Y) of 0.9214 or
92.14%. While other variables amounted
to 7.86%.
The reactor temperature affects the
volume of oil produced and pyrolysis
time, the higher the temperature, the
more oil is produced and the time of
pyrolysis will expire faster.

6. Pyrolysis plastic oil can be an
alternative energy source and has
economic value.
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