flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel was to determined for use as a natural feed additive research on the flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel has mainly focused on its in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities; studies of growth performance and growth-related hormones in meat sheep are rare

1. Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on growth
performance and growth-related hormones in meat sheep
Muqier, Sarula Qi, Terigele Wang, Renwei Chen, Cuifang Wang, Changjin Ao
Animal Nutrition
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2017, Pages 33–38
Impact Factor:
By: Faisal A. Alshamiry
Supervisor Prof. Khaled Abdon
HORMONAL REGULATION IN THE FARM ANIMAL 631

2.  Allium mongolicum Regel, as a characteristic wild vegetable, is a natural
and healthy food with a high nutritional value, unique flavour and supreme
palatability ( Chen et al., 2000).
 Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts have been shown to increase the
(ADG), feed intake and feed remuneration of broiler chickens (Ha, 2008)
and to significantly affect growth-related hormones (Zhang, 2005).
 Flavonoids are active ingredients in natural plants that can promote growth,
neuroendocrine and immune function of animals.
Introduction

3.  Related research found that the is oflavone daidzein promoted animal
growth (Han, 1999), improved immune function (Guo and Zhao, 2004), and enhanced
lactation and laying (Hu and Zhang, 2009; Yang et al., 2006).
 Allium mongolicum Regel provides small doses it offers good latent
capacity for new types of feed additives.
 Currently, research on the flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel has
mainly focused on its in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral
activities; studies of growth performance and growth-related hormones in
meat sheep are rare.

4.  On the basis of a preliminary in vitro study ( Bao, 2015 ; Sa, 2014), this
study selected the flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel as feed
additives for meat sheep.
 A suitable amount of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel was to
determined for use as a natural feed additive.
Objective

5.  Experimental flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel :Extraction Time = 15 Min,
Extraction Temperature = 40 °C, Alcohol Density = 75%, And Material-to-liquid Ratio =
1:30. Total flavonoid yield was 12.85 mg/g.
 Flavonoids structure :Naphthenic hydrocarbon, 3′,4′-epoxygroup-7-0-5-methoxy flavonols,
7-0-5,4′-dimethoxy-3′-hydroxide radical flavones, rutin, quercitrin, saccharides, mignonette
element – 5 0-glucose-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
 Reagents and apparatus :Testing kits were used to determine the levels of serum GH
(GH; HY-C0018), serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; HY-H0024), serum corticosterone
(CORT; HY-D0032), and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; HY-D0023).
Materials and methods

6. 1 The premix provides the following nutrients per KG: 25 mg Fe (as
ferrous sulphate), 29 mg Zn (as zinc sulphate), 8 mg Cu (as copper
sulphate), 30 mg Mn (as manganese sulphate), 0.04 mg I (as
potassium iodide), 0.1 mg Co (as cobalt sulphate), 3,200 IU vitamin
A, 1,200 IU vitamin D3, 20 IU vitamin E. 2 Digestible energy is a
calculated (Zhang, 2003), while the others are measured values.
adaptation period
15 day
Initial Body Weight
39.9 ± 3.2
60 sheep
6month AGE
15 sheep
TEST 3
15 sheep
TEST 2
15 sheep
TEST 1
15 sheep
CONTROL
33 mg/kg flavonoids22 mg/kg flavonoids11 mg/kg flavonoids0 mg/kg flavonoids
Ingredient, %
Chinese wild rye grass hay 32.00
Alfalfa 17.80
Corn 23.00
Wheat bran 2.87
Sunflower meal (expeller) 16.92
Pea plant 2.45
Pomace 2.45
CaHPO4 0.72
NaCl 0.79
Premix
1
1.00
Total 100.00
Nutrient levels, %
DE, MJ/kg
2
16.88
CP 17.21
NDF 65.01
ADF 32.59
Ca 1.39
P 0.51
Table 1.
Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diets (air-dry)
Experimental Period 60 day
Feed was given
at 06:00 And 18:00 ad libitum
TMR
Roughage : Concentrate
70:30
Weighted before feeding
at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d
& blood samples collection
Measured: ADG, average daily intake, average feed conversion ratio, growth hormone (GH),
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), corticosterone (CORT), and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH).
Statistical analyses were performed using the method for double-factor variance analysis GLM in SAS
Materials and methods

7. Item treatment 15 d 30 d 45 d 60 d
Average daily
gain, g/d
Control 150.67 ± 56.77 194.22 ± 82.37
b
218.67 ± 169.43
b
226.22 ± 67.48
b
Test group 1 156.89 ± 50.35 226.67 ± 65.37
a
259.56 ± 50.92
ab
311.56 ± 60.56
a
Test group 2 126.22 ± 52.69 250.22 ± 75.60
a
279.56 ± 74.34
ab
318.22 ± 61.61
a
Test group 3 117.33 ± 53.65 239.56 ± 63.73
a
307.56 ± 119.45
a
289.33 ± 47.44
a
Daily feed
intake, g/d
Control 1,148.59 ± 50.36 1,148.15 ± 42.64
b
1,243.45 ± 87.79 1,408.63 ± 103.07
b
Test group 1 1,151.42 ± 43.50 1,107.26 ± 45.79
c
1,308.34 ± 146.97 1,563.26 ± 53.91
a
Test group 2 1,156.84 ± 40.48 1,139.32 ± 42.89
b
1,305.51 ± 122.38 1,551.72 ± 68.14
a
Test group 3 1,183.79 ± 57.95 1,191.69 ± 40.99
a
1,337.91 ± 157.64 1,593.47 ± 64.06
a
Feed-to-gain
ratio
Control 8.058 ± 0.701 6.227 ± 0.472
a
5.912 ± 0.227
a
5.686 ± 0.416
a
Test group 1 8.392 ± 0.333 5.018 ± 0.179
b
4.885 ± 0.209
b
5.041 ± 0.586
b
Test group 2 8.379 ± 0.788 4.876 ± 0.222
b
4.553 ± 0.177
c
4.669 ± 0.453
bc
Test group 3 8.307 ± 0.688 5.507 ± 0.229
b
4.974 ± 0.177
b
4.348 ± 0.531
c
Table 2.
Effect of flavonoids from
Allium mongolicum Regel
on the average daily gain,
the daily feed intake and
the Feed-to-Gain ratio in
sheep.
a–c Within a column, means
without a common superscript
differ at P < 0.05, n = 15.
Results

8. Item treatment 0 d 15 d 30 d 45 d 60 d
GH,
ng/mL
Control 4.29 ± 0.59 4.26 ± 0.54b 4.50 ± 0.48 4.44 ± 0.68c 4.38 ± 0.87c
Test group 1 4.31 ± 0.73 4.75 ± 0.54a 4.78 ± 0.62 5.05 ± 0.64ab 5.49 ± 0.86ab
Test group 2 4.41 ± 0.67 4.54 ± 0.58ab 4.75 ± 0.77 4.87 ± 0.61b 5.60 ± 0.95ab
Test group 3 4.43 ± 0.52 4.34 ± 0.48ab 4.36 ± 0.45 4.80 ± 0.29b 5.05 ± 0.91b
IGF-1,
ng/mL
Control 190.18 ± 15.16 191.83 ± 6.50 191.65 ± 9.87 191.14 ± 8.15b 191.36 ± 11.91b
Test group 1 190.21 ± 12.76 192.48 ± 9.96 199.73 ± 11.77 202.55 ± 12.77a 202.18 ± 10.76a
Test group 2 188.96 ± 12.78 190.93 ± 11.32 199.30 ± 8.79 196.10 ± 9.03 205.38 ± 9.44a
Test group 3 190.75 ± 13.18 191.07 ± 10.74 199.89 ± 12.68 203.79 ± 13.55a 206.78 ± 7.95a
CORT,
ng/mL
Control 59.67 ± 6.32 58.59 ± 8.08 60.41 ± 5.99a 54.12 ± 5.82 54.02 ± 4.02
Test group 1 61.43 ± 6.71 61.98 ± 7.28 56.89 ± 7.71ab 51.47 ± 5.89 51.69 ± 7.08
Test group 2 62.74 ± 6.99 60.75 ± 5.54 53.50 ± 6.81b 51.59 ± 5.39 51.13 ± 8.01
Test group 3 62.13 ± 4.72 60.78 ± 7.12 58.75 ± 5.23ab 51.77 ± 8.09 51.08 ± 8.21
Table 3.
Effect of flavonoids from
Allium mongolicum Regel on
the serum growth hormone
(GH) content, insulin-like growth
factor-1 (IGF-1) content,
corticosterone (CORT) content
and adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) content in sheep
a–c Within a column, means
without a common superscript
differ at P < 0.05, n = 15.
Results

9.  The optimum supplementation of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel, which is
from 11 to 33 mg/kg, could increase ADG & average DFI, & decrease the feed conversion
ratio in meat sheep; furthermore, it could promote increases in GH, IGF-1 and ACTH levels
while inhibiting CORT levels.
 The results confirmed that the flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel regulate the
growth performance of sheep via their effects on GH, IGF-1 and the HPA axis.
 This effect was especially evident after 30 d of feeding, indicating that it worked in
a time-dependent manner.
 In future, flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel must be well-mixed in basal diet,
and it needs to solve the problem of the production costs.
Conclusions