Entrepreneurship

1. UNIT II
MOTIVATION

2. What in this Unit II
• Major motives influencing an entrepreneur
• Achievement motivation
• Training
• Self-rating
• Business games
• Thematic appreciation test
• Stress management
• Entrepreneurship development programs-Need,
objectives

3. Entrepreneurial motivation-Introduction
• The entrepreneurial motivation is the process that
activates and motivates the entrepreneur to exert higher
level of efforts for the achievement of his/her
entrepreneurial goals.

4. Definition of Motivation
• Motivation refers to a process of inducing and stimulating
an individual to act in certain manner. In the context of an
organisation, motivation implies encouraging and urging
the employees to perform to the best of their capabilities
so as to achieve the desired goals of the organisation.
• Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to
engage in goal-directed behavior.

5. Motivation Cycle

6. Theories of Motivation
• 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
• 2. McClelland’s Need for Achievement Theory

7. Maslow’s Needs Theory
• According to Maslow (1943, 1954), human needs were
arranged in a hierarchy, with physiological (survival) needs at
the bottom, and the more creative and intellectually oriented
‘self-actualization’ needs at the top.
• Maslow argued that survival needs must be satisfied before the
individual can satisfy the higher needs. The higher up the
hierarchy, the more difficult it is to satisfy the needs associated
with that stage, because of the interpersonal and
environmental barriers that inevitably frustrate us.
• Higher needs become increasingly psychological and long-term
rather than physiological and short-term, as in the lower
survival-related needs.

9. McClelland’s Need for Achievement
Theory
• McClelland's theory says that everyone is driven by one of
three needs — achievement, affiliation or power.
• Different people are motivated by different drivers, so
understanding what specifically motivates a person to
complete a task can vastly improve the likelihood that
they'll complete the assignment and do it well.

12. Entrepreneurial motivation factors

14. 7 REASONS PEOPLE BECOME
ENTREPRENEURS
• Reason 1: Achievement, Challenge, & Learning
• Reason 2: Independence & Autonomy
• Reason 3: Income Security and Financial Success
• Reason 4: Recognition and Status
• Reason 5: Family
• Reason 6: Dissatisfaction with Current Work
Arrangements
• Reason 7: Community and Social Motivation

15. • Reasons might include personal satisfaction, challenge,
being your own boss and independence. An entrepreneur
may feel a level of personal satisfaction that they have
created a successful business.

16. Achievement Motivation
• Achievement motivation is defined as the need for
achievement and is an important determinant of
aspiration, effort, and persistence when an individual
expects that his performance will be evaluated in relation
to some standard of excellence.

17. Achievement Motivation: Features
• a. It is lateral personal disposition to strive for a particular goal.
• b. It’s person’s deep and driving desire to do something
important to attain the feelings of personal accomplishment.
• c. It is personal disposition to achieve something difficult and
bigger.
• Thus, it becomes clear that achievement motivation is basically
the predisposition or inner urge or inclination of an
entrepreneur to accomplish something important and unique to
attain a feelings of self-accomplishment and satisfaction.

18. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs with
Achievement Motivation:
• a. They like to undertake risks for personal
accomplishment.
• b. They have high level of perseverance to attain their
goal. They do not give up even failure after failure. But,
they try again and again till the goal is not achieved.
• c. They show courage and fortitude to keep on moving
toward their goal instead of adversities.
• d. Entrepreneurs with high level of achievement
motivation tend to be more creative and innovative.
• e. They tend to be more future-oriented.
• f. Such entrepreneurs are more adaptive and mobile.

19. • g. Last but no means the least, entrepreneurs with high
level of achievement motivation do not feel contentment,
but always have desire for more and more.

20. Significance of Achievement Motivation:
• The main significance of achievement motivation lies in
the fact that it serves as fuel to activate entrepreneurs to
exert more and higher level of efforts to achieve
something important to them.
• Here the apt saying of India’s famous woman
entrepreneur Shahnaz Hussain seems pertinent to
appreciate the significance of achievement motivation.
“Achievement depends on how badly you want to
achieve.”

21. The significance of achievement motivation can be
imbued with multiplicity of justifications as follows:
• a. It is an essential ingredient and hallmark of
entrepreneurship development leading to industrial and
economic development.
• b. This serves the major sources of the entrepreneurial
supply.
• c. This is a psychological construct that keeps
entrepreneurs activated towards their goals.
• d. Being inner drive, it is significant for the people for all
walks of life be entrepreneurs, managers, leaders, social
workers and so on.
• e. This also serves as one of the effective inventions for
organizational development and, in turn, national
development.

22. • The significance of achievement motivation in essence
can be summed up by quoting Abraham Lincoln’s apt
statement;
• “Always remember in your mind that your own resolution
to succeed (i.e. achieve) matters the most that anyone
thing.”

23. Developing Achievement Motivation
• Entrepreneurial motivation training now called
Entrepreneurship Development Programs (EDPs)
• Three major stages :
• 1.Know yourself stage
• 2.Knowing the destination stage
• 3.Empowering stage

24. Exercises and Games of Achievement
Motivation Training
• 1.Micro-Labs Ice-breaking session
• Micro lab-Ice Breaking Exercise administered on the first
day of the training program, preferably in the morning
hours to make trainees mix freely with new faces, prepare
them psychologically, shed their apprehensions and lower
their resistances.
• In this icebreaker, you divide the large group into smaller
groups of three to five people. You then ask each group to
identify five things related to a topic or project you're
meeting to discuss.

26. 2.Thematic Apperception Test-TET
• Apperception-the mental process by which a person
makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of
ideas he or she already possesses.
• A psychological personality test that focuses on the
subconscious dynamics of a person's personality.
• The TAT personality test is characterized by a series of
picture cards that a subject must tell a story about.
• The TAT (Cramer, 1996) consists of 31 cards: one is
blank, seven are for males, seven for females, one for
boys or girls, one for men or women and one each for a
boy, girl, man, and woman (the remaining 10 are for
anyone).

27. • The TAT pictures may include illustrations of men,
women, and children in various situations.
• For example, a boy looking at a violin, or a man holding
his hat with his face down, while a woman next to him
stares out the window.

29. 3.Ring toss exercise
• Ring-toss game (also called quoits) involves throwing a
metal, rope or rubber ring over a set distance to land over
a spike.
• The task of tossing the ring over the spike is classified as
an achievement task, which succeeds when the ring lands
over the spike.

32. 4.Tower building exercise
• The Tower Building Exercise asks you to divide your
participants into groups of one manager and three team
members.
• Then, as a group, they have to build a tower using
different sized blocks.
• Sounds easy – until you tell them that team members
must be blindfolded and use their non-dominant hand.

35. 5.Problem solving and creativity
• A problem-solving exercise or game helps identify those
strengths and builds problem-solving skills and strategies
while having fun with your team.
• Problem-solving games aren't for just any team.
• Participants must have an open mind and accept all ideas
and solutions

38. 6.Achievement planning exercises or Boat
building exercise
• Cardboard Boat Building Challenge is a hands-on activity
available for any group size.
• This creative activity challenges teams to design,
construct, and test boats made out of nothing but
cardboard and tape.