The document summarizes Kerala's history of education from ancient times to present. It traces the evolution of Kerala's literacy-focused education system from gurukul and missionary schools to the establishment of widespread public education in the late 1800s. The document highlights Kerala's achievements in literacy, gender equality, and education access, which often exceed those of more developed nations. It also describes the state's major education interventions and schemes over the years, as well as current issues regarding self-financing medical and engineering colleges.

2. EDUCATION ?..
 Education is not preparation for life;
Education is life itself.
 Education is the ability to listen to almost
anything without losing your temper or
your self-confidence.
 An education isn’t how much you have
committed to memory, or even how much
you know. It’s being able to differentiate
between what you know and what you
don’t.

3. Education system in Kerala - History
 Gurukul System
 Pallikkoodams by Christian missionaries -
irrespective of caste or religion
 School for girls was established by the
Maharaja in 1859, which was an act
unprecedented in the Indian subcontinent
 In the 1860’s, the government spread the
educational programs into Malabar

4.  Kerala's achievements in the field of education
- near total literacy, free and universal primary
education.
 Low drop out rate at the school level, easy
access to educational institutions, gender
equality in access etc. –
 In these respects, Kerala is often compared not
only with the other Indian states or developing
countries but also with some of the developed
countries.

5. Importanceof education in kerala
 emerged as the single largest economic
activity of the state
 Government expenditure on education as a
ratio of the state domestic product despite
decline in recent years is one of the highest
in the country
 Education accounts for more than one third
of the total revenue expenditure of the state
 Cond..

6.  Women’s education is given prior
importance.
 The per capita expenditure on education is
the second highest among states in India
 Nearly one fifth of the population are
students.
 Education sector is also one of the biggest
employers in the state

7. Literacy
 Kerala, with 93.91 per cent, continues to
occupy the top position among States
 Lakshadweep followed with a literacy level
of 92.28 per cent.

8. Literacy rate from 1951 - 2011
47.18
55.08
69.75
78.85
89.81
90.92
93.91
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011

9. Division of education system
 Kerala Primary Education
 Kerala High School Education
 Kerala Secondary Education [+2]
/Vocational Secondary Schools
 Kerala Higher Education
 Distance Education program in Kerala.

10. Boards of Education
 Many of the schools owned by private sector
are aided by government.
 Kerala State Education Board
 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
(ICSE)
 Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE)
 National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
No fees(or a nominal fees) are required in schools run by or aided by
government. Fees concerning the higher and technical education are
very low; the ratio of recovery of government's revenue expenditure
was 2.6% in 2009–2010

11. Universities

13. Major Govt. Interventions
 1994 – DPEP (District Primary Education
Programme)
 A major initiative to revitalize the primary
education system and to achieve the objective of
universalization of primary education.
 DPEP has so far opened more than 1,60,000 new
schools
 Village Education was given more importance
 About 1,77,000 teachers, including para-
teachers have been appointed
 From here to…………

14.  The most negative part of the DPEP –
 it gave the children's a lot of negatives
 It made d language and spoken abilities of our
students worse
 they were made to collect match boxes n
feathers, well they were aimed at giving
practical
 experience for children - but what did it
actually gave them? something is still a
question mark…

15.  2001 -SSA – (SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN)
 Centrally sponsored scheme at the end of the
Ninth Five Year Plan to improve the
educational status.
 Education for girls, scheduled caste and
tribal children
 Education of sc/st children
 Free textbooks to all girls/SC/ST children up
to Class-VIII.
 At least 50 % of the teachers to be appointed
have to be women.
 Integrated Child Development Scheme
(ICDS).

16.  2007 - Higher Secondary centralized
Allotment Process (hsCap)
 Popularly known as Single Window Admission
 The software is developed by taking care of all
the existing rules of rank generation and
Communal reservations by the DHSE
(Directorate of Higher Secondary Education)
 hsCap provided by NIC has eliminated the
requirement for a student to apply in multiple
Schools where the student is seeking the
admission and also eliminated the task of
virtually appearing for interview in multiple
schools

17. Other Govt. Schemes
 Kalakshethra
 Kalaksethra is a district training centre where
special training/ coaching will be given to
artistically talented but financially backward
students.
 Merit Cum Means Scholarship
 Comprehensive scholarship scheme of the
Higher Secondary level for the meritorious
students belonging to BPL families.
 Cond..

18.  Remedial Coaching
 Remedial coaching is implemented to give
special coaching to weak students in selected
Government Higher Secondary Schools having
pass percentage below 50.
 National Service Scheme
 NSS provides platform for leadership practice
life-skill acquisition etc and help the volunteers
learn how to live among others
 Adolescent Counseling and Health Care
Programme
 These was some of the very useful schemes
introduced by the government.

19. 2008 - Choice Based Credit System
 The Four Pillars of the UG reforms
 -Semesterisation
 - Choice-based credit system - “Courses” to
“programmes”
 - Continuous assessment
 - Grading
 A – Wow ! Outstanding Display of
Knowledge/Understanding/Application
 B – Very Good, but not extraordinary
 C – Good
 D- Fair/Satisfactory
 F - Poor/Unsatisfactory

20. “WhattodowiththeGrade? Noidea..”
Although the Universities were vey
much pleased and fast in introducing
the Credit based and grading system on
to the Degree level. But it was a severe
headache to the Students and also with
the teachers.
The latest comments from the students
Calicut and Kannur Universities are of
much worse in nature……
The news cutting from “The Hindu” also
tells the same.

21. Medical – Engineering….. Great
Problem ?????
 In 2004 issues started in Kerala ,as 4 self
FINANCING medical colleges started in Kerala
.for the information of all ,its not the state
government who gave permission to start
college .but its the medical council .we don't
need permission of state government for
starting a college .we only needs a NOC
certificate from state government. For giving
NOC ,the state government gave a suggestion
to the colleges that 50%of seats must be
reserved for state merit. And for the rest you
can do anything….

22.  In 2005 admission was as 50:50
 Huge donation for medical Management
Seats
 SFI Protesting
 Government failed to initiate proper
guidelines for starting of self financing
colleges and their admission process
 2006 – Election – LDF Govt.
 In the first year itself they failed ,the private
management consortium formed and no of
colleges increased to 9.

23.  In 2007 4 colleges under Christian
management got their minority right
 This year government formed Muhammad
committee
 Each colleges gave admission to whoever
gave more money
 This allegations started big quarrel between
government and managements
 Decided to conduct an entrance exam of
their own and gave admission based on that

24.  it created a 3 type fee system in the same
college for same course – Injustice ?
 From 2008 the admission in self financing
colleges is going on uncontrolled
What can be done ????

25.  A strict legislation can solve this issue
 Government should take care to impliment
a single fee system
 Admission should be from state merit .
 All colleges should bring under single
regulatory committee.
 The same kind of problems exist with the
Engineering courses also..

26. THANK YOU….
 Presented by
 TKMRMVHSS VALLANA