Educational psychology is the study of how people learn throughout their lives. It involves topics like learning outcomes, instructional processes, individual differences, gifted learners, and learning disabilities. Some influential early figures included Johan Herbart, who emphasized student interest; William James, who wrote one of the first textbooks; and Alfred Binet, who developed early IQ tests. Later, John Dewey advocated for hands-on, student-centered learning, while Benjamin Bloom developed a taxonomy of educational objectives. Educational psychologists work to develop and improve education by observing students, assessing needs, and advising teachers.

1. Educational Psychology

2. Branch of psychology concerned
with the scientific study of human
learning.
It involves the study of how people
learn including topics such as
student outcomes, the instructional
process, individual differences in
learning, gifted learners and learning
disabilities.

3. It also includes the social, emotional
and cognitive processes that are
involved in learning throughout the
entire life span.

4. Brief History of
Educational Psychology

5. Johan Herbart
Believed that a student’s interest in
topic had a tremendous influence
on the learning outcome and
teachers should consider this
interest along with prior knowledge
when deciding which type of
instruction is most appropriate.

6. William James
He made significant contributions
in the field. His seminal 1899 text Talk
to Teachers on Psychology is
considered the first textbook on
educational psychology.

7. Alfred Binet
Around same period as James, Binet
was developing his famous IQ tests
which were originally designed to help
the French government identify
children who had developmental delays
to create special education programs.

8. John Dewey
His ideas were progressive, he
believed that school should focus on
students rather than on subjects. He
advocates learning and believed that
hands-on experience was an important
part of the learning process.

9. Benjamin Bloom
Developed an important taxonomy
designed to categorize and describe
different educational objectives. The
three top-level domains he described
were cognitive, active, and
psychomotor learning objectives.

10. Major Perspectives in
Educational Psychology

11. Behavorial Perspective
Suggests that all behaviors are learned
through conditioning. Psychologists
who take this perspective rely firmly on
the principles of operant conditioning to
explain how learning happens.

12. Developmental Perspective
Focuses on how children acquire new
skills and knowledge as they develop.
By understanding how children think at
different stages of development,
psychologists can better understand
what children are capable of at each
point of their growth.

13. Cognitive Perspective
Focuses on understanding how people
think, learn, remember and process
information. Psychologists who take a
cognitive perspective remember the
things that they learn, how they solve
problems and how they become
motivated to learn, among other things.

14. Constructivist Approach
One of the most recent learning
theories that focuses on how the
children actively construct their
knowledge of the world. Constructivism
tends to account more for the social
and cultural influences that impact how
children learn.

15. Works in Educational Psychology
 They work together with the staff of
nurseries, schools and other organizations
to develop and improve the life chances of
children and young people.
 They may work directly with children and
young people. This work usually focuses
aon observation and assessments provide
information and advice that will help those
who have responsibility for the child’s care
and education.

16. They may be involved in discussions
(consultation) about individual
children without necessarily meeting
them. The aim is to provide advice
tot hose who have day to day
responsibility for meeting the child’s
educational needs because these
adults are in the best position to
help.

17. Engineering Psychology

18.  It is the science of human behavior and
capability, applied to the designs and
operation of systems and technology.
 Focuses on improving and adapting
technology, equipment and work
environments to enhance human
behavior and capabilities.

19. What are their works?

20. Analyze how people interact and use
equipment and technology.
Exploring ways to make technology
more accessible to people with
disabilities.
Explaining workplace accidents and
searching for ways to prevent such
things from happening again in the
future.

21. Implementing user feedback into
future interations of product designs.
Surveying populations to learn more
about the user needs or to discover
which products appeal to specific
demographics.

22.  Creating safe products and designs
intended to minimize human errors.
Designing medical equipment to
minimize the risks of medical
mistakes.