This document discusses education in contemporary India and outlines several key topics: 1. It identifies the different aims of education including general, individual, social, knowledge, vocational, and moral aims. 2. It outlines the different levels of education in India including pre-primary, primary, secondary, senior secondary, higher, professional, distance, and optional. 3. It discusses the development of primary education in India, outlining key milestones from 1944 onwards, and notes that Tamil Nadu has been a leader in providing free and compulsory education to children under 14. 4. It identifies 10 common problems in implementing free compulsory primary education for all children, including issues related to population growth,

1. IDENTIFY THE PICTURE
&
TELL THE RELATED TOPIC

2. SEMESTER - I
COURSE – 2
CONTEMPORARY INDIA AND EDUCATION
Prepared by
Mrs. DHANALAKSHMI B
Asst. Professor in Commerce
Lisieux College of Education
Saravanampatti,
Coimbatore.

3. UNIT I : EDUCATION IN CONTEMPORARY
INDIA, CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

13. AIMS OF EDUCATION
General Aim
Individual aim
Social Aim
Specific Aim
Knowledge aim
Vocational aim
Moral aim
The complete the living aim
Harmonious development
of personality
Leisure aim

33. LEVELS OF EDUCATION
Pre-Primary
Primary
Secondary
Senior Secondary
Higher
Professional
Distance and Optional

41. DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
• In 1944, CABE (Central Advisory Board of Education) issued the
plan for the Indian education development. According to this
free, compulsory education should be given to children within
forty years.
• In1948, All India educational conference was held and it was
decided to give the free, compulsory education within sixteen
years.
• In 1960-61, Tamilnadu government executed the compulsory
education to all the 6 to 11 years old children in a planned
manner.
• In 1965-66 compulsory education was given to children in
remote villages.

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•Tamilnadu is in the forefront in giving free and compulsory
education to the children below 14 years among all the
states in India.
•According to the New Educational Policy of 1986 it was
assured that before the beginning of the 21st century, free
and compulsory, quality education would be given to each
and every child below 14 years.
•Since 1989 education for all has been functioning as a great
people’s movement.

43. PEOBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING FREE COMPULSORY PRIMARY
EDUCATION FOR ALL
Though the number of primary schools and number of
children have increased, the quality of education has not
improved up to the expected level. The reasons for this are:
1. Population Growth
2. Equal educational opportunities.
3. Enrollment of children
4. Family circumstances
5. Poverty school age children – Child labour
6. Wastage and Stagnation

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7. Negative thoughts about girl’s education
8. School timings are not suitable for the village
people.
9. Parents do not realize the importance of
education.
10. In village there is deficiency of teachers
separately for boys and girls.

85. • Town planning is the process of managing land resources. It involves
the control of existing and new developments, as well as strategy
preparation to ensure manage future requirements. It is a dynamic
process that changes in response to policy, development proposals
and local needs