education

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Chapter 1
Introduction
thor introducing skills and character traits. These aims include the development of kindness,
honesty ,understanding and rationality. The aim of education is to develop emotional, social,
physical and spiritual Education aspects of life. It starts from the birth of the child and end with
his death. In narrow sense education may be taken to consciously effort to develop and
cultivate our powers and In wider sense, education is a life long process. Life is continuous
process of growth and development and so education is also a continuous process. It is not only
a collection of experiences which acquired his life some information, education incorporates
the knowledge acquired during infancy, childhood, adolescence, youth and manhood through
any agency of education. so Aaw 1education is the sum total of all experiences that the
child receives either in the educational situation and outside.so it is the process human beings
adopts himself in the narrow ways to his physical, social and spiritual environment.
Education is one among the key components that being growth and progress into society. The
more educated people in the society the more beneficial contribution to the society. This fact
increases the importance of education in society and has resulted in government investing in
education more than before. Education is that the cool which provides people required
knowledge skill, technique and knowledge and enables them to understand. Then rights and
duties towards a nation and society. Education expands the vision to determine the world. It
develops the potential to find out the injustice, violence, corruption and other factors. It is one
of the essential elements that differentiates the human from the rest of the creatures since its
independence, India has always focused on improving the literary rate in both rural and urban
areas (Kumar and Nagrani,2020).
Education has definite aims, without aim education is like a boat without its rudder. The aims
of education have changed from age to age and thus it is dynamic because the aims of life are
dynamic.so the aim of the education is to adjust properly in ones own environment. The
education is not limited up to the bookish knowledge rather individual can attain the
knowledge from the outside also.so education start from the birth of the child and ends with

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the death of the individual or may be of there is a any after death life. It will also remain
continuous there.so the role of education is quiet wider, without education the society will be
in a darker place.an education person can push his family and society in various field to grow
more. The aim of education is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitude. It helps to adjust
properly in ones own environment. Knowledge helps the man to overcome the nature and
satisfy human wants. It links the teacher and taught with special situation. The aims of
education according to idealists should be the development of the mind and self, intellectual
capability, moral judgement, aesthetic judgement, self realization, individual freedom ,
individual responsibility and self control. The purpose of education is to help students acquire
subject mastery and knowledge.
The Importance of education provides stability in our daily lives. With the help of the
education Individual feels motivated and empowered and helps the persons to feel secure and
self dependent. So education is one of the significant elements to fulfil our dreams so if
someone wants to make our dreams come true, education is a must in our life. Education
teaches us to make best decisions in our life even in a critical condition with logical thinking.
A literate person handle the things very easily as compare to illiterate person. Illiterate person
does not have the capability to tackle the situation.
A child of today is going to become an adult citizen of the country tomorrow.so the school
education must aim to provide fundamental and basic education to the children which would
play effective role in their whole life. The children of today are the future of tomorrow so the
students of the future depends upon the quality of education.so there is a need to understand
the importance of childhood education so the children growing today should do better things
in the future.
Quality education is a fundamental importance for achieving full potential, developing an
equitable and just society and promoting national development and universal high quality
education is the key to Indians continued ascent and leadership on the global platform in the
terms of economic growth, social justice and equality, scientific and technological
advancement, national integration and preservation of culture as well (Sawant and Sarkpal,
2021).
Change is the eternal and un wavering rule of the universe. Here it varies from moment to
moment. Society is also no expectation this. It is known from the historical study of Indian

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society that many social, economic, political and other changes have also taken place from the
primitive era to the present era. There are two types of changes.one is made by the nature and
other is done by the human beings. The natural changes are not within our control. If there is a
need to change something in our society in the terms of the development then the education
policy should be changed first. The picture of the society shows that the education is the priorty
of the environment. So Education is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills and values. It
helps the people for the development of their better future. There is a narrow line between the
learning and education. We learn everything from the birth to till death. On the contrary, we
get educated at a certain point in our life. Our learning includes personal experience which
follows no rules but schools or universities impart education based on particular instructions.
Education acknowledge youngsters with the atmosphere around them. It encourages them to
be more mindful of their strengths and weakness and teaches them to drive in right direction.
It teaches children that failure is not an end and they should always try until they succeed and
never give up. It fuels their determination to live in the world independently and fight with the
circumstances bravely.
Education teaches value and delivers equality. Education helps in building character right from
childhood. Early childhood education helps in developing honesty, kindness, generosity
,courage, freedom and equality. It helps in better behaviour and discipline. Education decreases
the gap between the social classes.
Many policies have been made in order to
improve the education system in our country. The NPE 1968 was formulate to establish
equality in the education system. This policy had come under Indira Gandhi Government. prior
to this policy a resolution was moved in 1964 by congress MP Siddheshwar Prasad, who
criticised the Government for not paying enough attention to education. The Government
agreed that there should be a national and coordinated policy towards education. The
Government then set up a 17 member education commission under UGC chairperson DS
Kothari. On the basis of recommendations of Kothari commission, this policy was released in
1968.This policy based on the National education system which means that all the students
without the discrimination of caste, creed, sex have access to education. Further it envisaged a
common educational structure [10+2+3] which was accepted across the country. It also focused
use of mother tongue as medium of teaching in early school years. Another focused was

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strengthening the research in the universities.
Thus policy focused on the development of values for national integration according to the
Directive principles of state policy under Article 45 there should be free and compulsory
education for all the children till the age of 14 years. NPE 1968 aimed at fulfilling this principle.
It also emphasised on the completion of the prescribed course for all enrolled students. The
focus objective of this policy was to remove all the barriers that come across in the path of
education. The main target of this policy was to create equal educational opportunities for all
citizens across the nation and this policy also created special facilities to the handicapped and
disabled children and also gave special emphasis to the education of the girl child. Under this
policy the three language formula was implemented as per article 351 of the constitution. The
policy covers the elementary education to higher education in both rural and urban India.
The NPE (1968) also launched with focus on primary education. The provision of good and
effective primary education on free and compulsory education is considered as the foundation
of democracy and National development. It is taken as highest priority and implementation in
two stages. In the first stage, universal education provided for all children till they reach the
age of eleven years and the second stage, the age limit has been raised to fourteen years.It has
been made immediately free in all parts of the country. It provided universalized with in four
years i.e. a primary school is available with in working distance from the home of every child
masny advantages and disadvantages were found us universalization of elementary
education(UEE).Thus the higher authority in Government of India(GOI)decided to frame a
new education policy and it was NPE,(1979)(Pandit,2016).
The policy also focused to increase the facilities for secondary education. It also emphasised
the vocational education in order to improve employment opportunities. Under this policy, the
special stress was given in the fields like agriculture, trade, medicine, crafts, commerce, home
management etc. The policy also focused on the quality of books. The quality of books should
be improved by the best writing talent through a liberal policy of incentives and remuneration.
The policy also emphasised that frequent changes of books should be avoided and their prices
should be low enough for students of ordinary means to buy them. The policy also focused on
examinations reforms to improve the reliability and validity of examinations and to make
evaluation a continuous process aimed at helping the student to improve his level of
achievement rather than at certifying the quality of his performance at a given moment of time.
The NPE 1968 also aimed at promoting functional through literacy campaigns and emphasised
the training of the youth for improved self employment opportunities. It also covered the

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educational interests of the minorities. In India, the condition of the teachers also needed
attention. The education policy in India highlighted the need to uplift the condition of teachers
and promoted the academic freedom. For their professional competence, their emoluments and
service conditions were given more importance. The policy also focused on their training and
education.
Education is a powerful tool for National, social ,economic and cultural
development.NPE,1968 was based on the needs of the nation. It is a policy formulate by the
Government of India (GOI) to promote education among India s people. There are certain
merits of this policy.This policy was based on the learning without burden. Teachers should
not stick with text books as basis for examinations. They should reduce the stress of the
learners. learners must be motivated to develop a sense of self-reliance and individual dignity.
They should also be encouraged to develop a sense of unity and promote non violence across
society. This policy has also emphasised the promotion of universal enrolment and retention
up to age 14 by teaching with a child centered approach to learning. Teacher should inculcate
the feelings of unity, democracy and oneness among learners. According to P.Naik, quality,
quantity and equality are the three pillars of education system in India and this must be
promoted.
.But there are certain drawbacks of this policy. This policy was not very successful. firstly,
there was no proper programme for its implementation and secondly, there was shortage of
funds. Thirdly, at that time ,education was in the state list, so role of centre was little on how
the states would implement this scheme. The role of the Parents was also very less. Despite the
Government efforts for free and compulsory education, many people living in the remote areas
still ignore sending their children to school. There is also a lack of coordination between the
local community and the educational institutions which leads to issues in universalizing
elementary education. The attitude of higher authorities were totally indifferent which leads to
the lack of efforts in the universalization of elementary education. The parents belonged to low
poverty line could not afford the expenses of education, though the education was free but
there are still expenses parents have to incur.so those belonging to poor class may therefore
refrain from sending their children to school. and mostly parents belonged to poor socio
economic background may not consider education to be important. They motivate their
children to work instead of becoming educated.