Project method of teaching Introduction, meaning and definition, characteristics, steps involved, merits and de-merits

1. Methods of teaching
Project methodof teaching
Presented by G.veerkumar
B.ed 3rd semester

2.  Project Method Is One Of The Modern Method Of Teaching, In Which More
Importance Were Given To Students In Designing The Curricula And Content Of
Studies.
 This method is based on the philosophy of pragmatism and the principle of
“Learing by doing”
 This Method Was Proposed By “John Dewey” , It Is The Outcome Of His
Philosophy “Pragmatism”.
 But The Project Method Is Developed And Applied Practically By “Sir William
Kilpatrick”.

3. Meaninganddefinitions
 Meaning Of Project “A Project Is An Activity Willingly Undertaken By Pupils In
Which Emphasis Is On Lraring By Doing
 According To W.H Kilpatrick
 "A Project Is A Wholehearted Purposeful Activity Proceeding In A Social
Environment”.
 According To Stevenson(1908)
 “A Project Is A Problematic Act Carried To Completion In Its Natural Settings”.
 According To Ballard
 “A Project Is A Bit Of Real Life That Has Been Imparted Into The School

4. CHARACTERISTICSOF PROJECTMETHOD
 It takes the student beyond the walls of
the class room.
 It is carried out in a natural setting, thus
making learning realistic and
experiential.

5. Continu…
 It encourages
investigative learning
and solution of
practical problems.
 It is focused on the
student as it enlists
his/her active
involvement in the
task set.

6. Contnu…
 It encourages the
spirit of scientific
enquiry as it
involves validation
of hypotheses
based on evidence
gathered from the
field through
investigation.

7. Continu…
 It promotes a better
knowledge of the practical
aspects knowledge of gained
from books

8. Continu…
 It enhances the
student's social skills,
as it requires
interaction with the
social environment.

9. Continu…
 It allows the students a great
degree of freedom to choose
from among the options given to
them; hence it provides a
psychological boost.
 It encourages the spirit of
research in the student

10. Stepsinvolvedinprojectmethod
 1 Creating Situations
 2 Selection of a problem
 3 Planning
 4 Executing the Project
 5 Evaluation
 Reporting ang recording

11. . Creating Situation:
 In the first step teacher creates the
proper situation to the students in the
class.
 He puts up the knowledge about the
project method procedure, steps, and
uses to the students.
 A project should arise out of a need
felt by students and it should never be
forced on them.
 It should be purposeful and
significant.

12. Selectionoftheproblem
 The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them.
Students are having freedom to choose the topic or problem based on
their interest and ability.
 Before choosing the topic the principles should be taken in to an
account. Such as school tasks are to be as real and as purposeful and
they are of such a nature that the student is genuinely eager to carry
them out in order to achieve a desirable and clearly realized aim.
 Teacher should only tempt the students for a particular project by
providing a situation but the proposal for the project should finally
come from students.

13. planning
 The teacher discuss with the students about the
problems in various angles and points.
 After the free expression of the students' opinion about
the problem, the teacher writes down the whole
programme of action stepwise on the blackboard.
 In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a
guide and should give suggestions at times but actual
planning be left to the students.

14. Executingtheproject
 The students are stating their work in this step. They are
collecting the relevant information and materials at first.
 The teacher should give the time and right to the
students according to their own speed, interest and
ability.
 During this step the teacher should carefully supervise
the pupils in manipulative skills to prevent waste of
materials and to guard accidents.
 Teacher should constantly check up the relation
between the chalked out plans and the developing
project.

15. Evaluation
 Evaluation of the project should be done both by the pupils
and the teachers. Here the students evaluating their task.
 They determine whether the objects are achieved or not.
 After that they criticize and express their feeling about the
task freely.
 The evaluation of the project has to be done in the light of
plans, difficulties in the execution and achieved results.

16. Reportingandrecording
 It is the last step of the project method in which each
and every step of the work are reported. The reported
things are recorded in a certain order in a book form.
 It should include the proposal, plan and its discussion,
duties allotted to different students and how far they
were carried out by them.
 It should also include the details of places visited and
surveyed guidance for future and all other possible
details.
 The book formatted report is submitted to the teacher
at the end.

17. ROLEOFTHETEACHER:
 In project method of teaching the role of a teacher is that of a
guide, friend and philosopher.
 Teacher should encourages his students to work collectively, and
co-operatively.
 To avoid the problem of supervision, teacher can appoint a leader
to each group of student .
 The teacher should be more knowledge.
 Teacher should be keen observer and true supporter.
 Helps students in planning and allotting activities according to
their interest and abilities.

18. MERITSOF PROJECTMETHOD:
 No place for rote memorization.
 Connects learning at school with reality.
 Children feel free to express themselves and show their
creativeness and imagination.
 It provides self motivation as the students themselves select
plan and execute the project
 Develops social values and skill.
 Students get the ample opportunities in which they can
develop a coordination between mind and body

19. DEMERITSOF PROJECTMETHOD
 Textbooks and instructional materials are hardly
available
 Teaching is disorganized
 Consumes a longer time than expected, therefore it is
not possible to fit in the timetable schedule.
 Parents are not always supportive for project work.
 This method is expensive as students will have to bear
the expenses of lot of materials or items, outdoor
activities and for travelling and other visits.