This document provides an overview of biodiversity and different ecosystem types. It defines biodiversity and explains the importance of high biodiversity for maintaining ecosystem stability. The document then describes the key components of ecosystems, including biotic factors (producers, consumers, decomposers) and abiotic factors (air, water, nutrients). It also defines and provides examples of different ecosystem types, such as forests (tropical rainforests, deciduous forests), grasslands, tundra, deserts, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Assessment activities are included to test understanding of matching ecosystem types to images and identifying biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem.

1. Quarter 4 – Module 5
(Week 5)
Biodiversity and Energy
Flow in the Tropic Levels
JOSEPHINE A. ABAOAG

2. Most Essential Learning Competencies:
Explain the advantage of high
biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem
(S8LT-IVh-21)

3. OBJECTIVES
a. define biodiversity and explain its
importance;
b. describe ecosystem, its parts, and
components;
c. classify whether the components of
ecosystem is under biotic or abiotic.

4. “No man is
an island”

5. NAME ME! 

6. WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY:
Biodiversity may be defined as the
totality of different organisms or
The number of species of plants,
animals, and microorganisms.

7. THREE TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY:
1. GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
2. SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
3. ECOSYSTEM BIODERVERSITY

8. TWO CLASSIFICATION OF BIODIVERSITY:
High biodiversity means that a region
supports a wide variety of species, while
low biodiversity implies that an area
supports only a few. The reasons for
variances in biodiversity are complex,
but they include both natural and man-
made causes.

9. IMPORTANCE OF HIGH BIODERVERSITY:
1. A larger number of plant species means a
greater variety of crops
2. Greater species diversity ensures natural
sustainability for all life forms
3. Healthy biodiversity can better withstand
and recover from a variety of disasters.

10. WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM:
An ecosystem is a geographic area where
plants, animals, and other organisms, as
well as weather and landscape, work
together to form a bubble of life.

12. Types and Structure of the Ecosystem
An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis
in a desert, or as big as an ocean,
spanning thousands of miles. There are
two types of ecosystem:
• Terrestrial Ecosystem
• Aquatic Ecosystem

13. Terrestrial Ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems are exclusively
land-based ecosystems. There are
different types of terrestrial ecosystems
distributed around various geological
zones.
They are as follows:

14. Forest Ecosystem
A forest ecosystem consists of several
plants, animals and microorganisms that
live in coordination with the abiotic
factors of the environment. Forests help
in
maintaining the temperature of the earth
and are the major carbon sink.

15. TYPES OF FORESTS ECOSYSTEM
1.Deciduous forests
2.Rainforests
Tropical rain forests
Temperate rain forests
3.Coastal forests
4.Coniferous forests
5.Thorn forests
6.Mangrove forests

16. Deciduous Ecosystem
Deciduous temperate forests
are located in the cool, rainy
regions of the northern
hemisphere (North America
— including Canada, the
United States, and central
Mexico — Europe, and
western regions of Asia —
including Japan, China, North
Korea, South Korea, and
parts of Russia).

17. Rainforests Ecosystem
Tropical rain forests
One third of the world's
tropical rainforests are in
Brazil. located in
Asia and the Pacific
(25% of the world's
rainforests) and West
Africa (18%).
Temperate rain
forests
largest temperate
rainforests are found
on the Pacific coast of
North America.
Norway, Japan, New
Zealand, and southern
Australia forest
ecosystem

18. Rainforests Ecosystem
Tropical rainforest Temperate rainforest

19. Coastal Ecosystem
The forests extend in a
narrow band along the
coast of the Indian Ocean,
from Southern Africa in
the north, through coastal
Kenya and California

20. Coniferous forests
The coniferous forest is the
largest biome on land. The
coniferous forest biome is
found in the northern parts
of Asia, Europe, and North
America. The coniferous
forest biome makes up
one-third of the world's
forests.

21. Thorn forests
This vegetation covers a
large part of southwestern
North America and
southwestern Africa and
smaller areas in Africa,
South America, and
Australia. In South America,
thorn forest is sometimes
called caatinga

22. Mangrove forests
Mangrove forest are
found in tropical and
subtropical regions of
the world. The largest
percentage of
mangroves is found in
Indonesia.

23. Grassland Ecosystem
In a grassland ecosystem, the vegetation
is dominated by grasses and herbs.
Temperate grasslands, savanna
grasslands are some of the examples of
grassland ecosystems

24. TYPES OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
1.TROPICAL GRASSLAND
• Tropical grasslands include the hot savannas
of sub-Saharan Africa and northern Australia.
2.TEMPERATE GRASSLAND
• Temperate grasslands can be found in various
regions north and south of the equator
including Argentina, Australia, and central
North America.

25. TROPICAL Grassland Ecosystem

26. TEMPERATE Grassland Ecosystem

27. Tundra Ecosystem
Tundra ecosystems are devoid of trees
and are found in cold climates or where
rainfall is scarce. These are covered with
snow for most of the year. The ecosystem
in the Arctic or mountain tops is tundra
type.

28. Tundra Ecosystem

29. Desert Ecosystem
Deserts are found throughout the world.
These are regions with very little rainfall.
The days are hot and the nights are cold.

30. Desert Ecosystem

31. Aquatic Ecosystems
Aquatic ecosystems are ecosystems
present in a body of water. These can be
further divided into two types, namely:

32. Freshwater Ecosystem
The freshwater ecosystem is an aquatic
ecosystem that includes lakes, ponds,
rivers, streams and wetlands. These have
no salt content in contrast with the
marine
ecosystem.

33. Freshwater Ecosystem

34. Marine Ecosystem
The marine ecosystem includes seas and
oceans. These have more substantial salt
content and greater biodiversity in
comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.

35. Marine Ecosystem

36. COMPENENTS OF ECOSYSTEM:
Ecosystems contain:
Biotic factors
• or living parts,
Abiotic factors
• or nonliving parts.

37. BIOTIC COMPONENTS
Biotic components refer to all life in an
ecosystem. Based on nutrition, biotic
components can be categorized into
autotrophs, heterotrophs and
saprotrophs (or decomposers).

38. PRODUCERS
• include all
autotrophs such
as plants. They
are called
autotrophs as
they can produce
food through the
process of
photosynthesis.
•
• Consequently, all
other organisms
higher up on the
food chain rely on
producers for
food
CONSUMERS
• or heterotrophs
are organisms
that depend on
other organisms
for food.
•
• Consumers are
further classified
into primary
consumers,
secondary
consumers and
tertiary
consumers.
DECOMPOSERS
• include saprophytes
such as fungi and
bacteria. They
directly thrive on the
dead and decaying
organic matter.
• Decomposers are
essential for the
ecosystem as they
help in recycling
nutrients to be reused
by plants.

40. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
Abiotic components are the non-living
component of an ecosystem. It includes
air,
water, soil, minerals, sunlight,
temperature, nutrients, wind, altitude,
turbidity, etc.

41. Assessment: PERFECT MATCH
MATCH THE DIFFERENT PICTURE OF ECOSYSTEM FOOUND ABOVE TO THE
WORD WRITTEN BELOW.
GRASSLAND MARINE TUNDRA DESERT
TROPICAL FOREST FRESHWATER TEMPERATE
FOREST

42. Assessment: PERFECT MATCH
TUNDRA FRESHWATER TROPICAL FOREST DESERT
MARINE GRASSLAND TEMPERATE FOREST
MATCH THE DIFFERENT PICTURE OF ECOSYSTEM FOOUND ABOVE TO THE
WORD WRITTEN BELOW.

43. PERFORMANCE TASK: PUT A NAME TO.
Identify the biotic
and abiotic factors
found in the
picture.

44. PERFORMANCE TASK: for those w/o internet
Draw any kind of ecosystem that are found
in the Philippines and identify the biotic and
abiotic components found within it. Classify
what kind of ecosystem is it.