What kind of values and goals do we need for education in the era of the Anthropocene? Finland completed the renewal of the national core curricula for basic and upper secondary education. A new concept of an Eco-Social Approach to Education were adopted. What is it?
Dr. Arto O Salonen is an adjunct professor at University of Helsinki.
This session explains the basics of sustainability. Why it is required? A case study of the cancer belt of Punjab. Differentiation between MDG and SDG. What we have achieved so far? description of SD goals.
Kulttuurin muutos kohti ekososiaalista sivistystäArto O Salonen
Tiekartta ekososiaaliseen sivistysyhteiskuntaan. Ekososiaalisessa sivistyksessä on kyse tietoiseksi tulemisesta siitä systeemisestä maailmasta, jonka jaamme päivä päivältä useamman ihmisen kanssa. Läpi elämän jatkuvan oppimisen päämääränä on ihminen, joka huolehtii paitsi itsestä ja omasta kulttuuristaan, myös toisista ja planeettamme kokonaisuudesta.
A slide review of the article competing against free (HBR). This has been done in accordance with the requirements of the Brand Management course, MBA, IIM Lucknow
This session explains the basics of sustainability. Why it is required? A case study of the cancer belt of Punjab. Differentiation between MDG and SDG. What we have achieved so far? description of SD goals.
Kulttuurin muutos kohti ekososiaalista sivistystäArto O Salonen
Tiekartta ekososiaaliseen sivistysyhteiskuntaan. Ekososiaalisessa sivistyksessä on kyse tietoiseksi tulemisesta siitä systeemisestä maailmasta, jonka jaamme päivä päivältä useamman ihmisen kanssa. Läpi elämän jatkuvan oppimisen päämääränä on ihminen, joka huolehtii paitsi itsestä ja omasta kulttuuristaan, myös toisista ja planeettamme kokonaisuudesta.
A slide review of the article competing against free (HBR). This has been done in accordance with the requirements of the Brand Management course, MBA, IIM Lucknow
Alkuperäinen aihepiiriin liittyvä puheenvuoro oli Ateria 2014 tapahtumassa 4.11.2014, jossa kohtasivat julkisen ruokapalvelun ja sopimusruokailun asiantuntijat eri puolilta Suomea. Sama teema oli mukana EcoCentrian elintarvikehankinta RoadShowssa keväällä 2015, jolloin kohderyhminä olivat päättäjät, hankinta-asiantuntijat, ruokapalveluhenkilöstö sekä tuottajat ja jalostajat.
Effects of option characteristics and underlying stock on option beta articleDharma Bagoes Oka
Beta (β) is one of the risk management tools to capture the risk exposures of hedge-fund investments. As most of hedge funds today trade derivative securities, the research on the measurement of derivative beta is important. The aim of this paper is to examine the factors, which may have impacts on option beta in the United States market. My hypothesis is comprised into three main parts. First, I hypothesize that 5 variables (type of option, strike price, days to maturity, firm size and book to market ratio) have linear relationship with the option beta. Second, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry. Third, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is also varied by these 5 types of variables itself. To begin the process, I use regression method to estimate the beta of underlying stock. Then, I estimate the option beta by multiplying the beta of underlying stock and the option elasticity. I then use regression method to test whether the 5 variables have linear relationship with option beta. I find that 3 variables (type of option, strike price and days to maturity) have the most significant linear relationship with option beta, while firm size has less significant linear relationship and book to market ratio have no significant linear relationship. Furthermore, using 2-way ANOVA, I test whether strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry and the 5 types of variables. There is not enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of the industry, instead, there is enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of variables.
Effects of Option Characteristics and Underlying Stock on Option BetaDharma Bagoes Oka
Beta (β) is one of the risk management tools to capture the risk exposures of hedge-fund investments. As most of hedge funds today trade derivative securities, the research on the measurement of derivative beta is important. The aim of this paper is to examine the factors, which may have impacts on option beta in the United States market. My hypothesis is comprised into three main parts. First, I hypothesize that 5 variables (type of option, strike price, days to maturity, firm size and book to market ratio) have linear relationship with the option beta. Second, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry. Third, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is also varied by these 5 types of variables itself. To begin the process, I use regression method to estimate the beta of underlying stock. Then, I estimate the option beta by multiplying the beta of underlying stock and the option elasticity. I then use regression method to test whether the 5 variables have linear relationship with option beta. I find that 3 variables (type of option, strike price and days to maturity) have the most significant linear relationship with option beta, while firm size has less significant linear relationship and book to market ratio have no significant linear relationship. Furthermore, using 2-way ANOVA, I test whether strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry and the 5 types of variables. There is not enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of the industry, instead, there is enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of variables.
Alkuperäinen aihepiiriin liittyvä puheenvuoro oli Ateria 2014 tapahtumassa 4.11.2014, jossa kohtasivat julkisen ruokapalvelun ja sopimusruokailun asiantuntijat eri puolilta Suomea. Sama teema oli mukana EcoCentrian elintarvikehankinta RoadShowssa keväällä 2015, jolloin kohderyhminä olivat päättäjät, hankinta-asiantuntijat, ruokapalveluhenkilöstö sekä tuottajat ja jalostajat.
Effects of option characteristics and underlying stock on option beta articleDharma Bagoes Oka
Beta (β) is one of the risk management tools to capture the risk exposures of hedge-fund investments. As most of hedge funds today trade derivative securities, the research on the measurement of derivative beta is important. The aim of this paper is to examine the factors, which may have impacts on option beta in the United States market. My hypothesis is comprised into three main parts. First, I hypothesize that 5 variables (type of option, strike price, days to maturity, firm size and book to market ratio) have linear relationship with the option beta. Second, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry. Third, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is also varied by these 5 types of variables itself. To begin the process, I use regression method to estimate the beta of underlying stock. Then, I estimate the option beta by multiplying the beta of underlying stock and the option elasticity. I then use regression method to test whether the 5 variables have linear relationship with option beta. I find that 3 variables (type of option, strike price and days to maturity) have the most significant linear relationship with option beta, while firm size has less significant linear relationship and book to market ratio have no significant linear relationship. Furthermore, using 2-way ANOVA, I test whether strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry and the 5 types of variables. There is not enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of the industry, instead, there is enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of variables.
Effects of Option Characteristics and Underlying Stock on Option BetaDharma Bagoes Oka
Beta (β) is one of the risk management tools to capture the risk exposures of hedge-fund investments. As most of hedge funds today trade derivative securities, the research on the measurement of derivative beta is important. The aim of this paper is to examine the factors, which may have impacts on option beta in the United States market. My hypothesis is comprised into three main parts. First, I hypothesize that 5 variables (type of option, strike price, days to maturity, firm size and book to market ratio) have linear relationship with the option beta. Second, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry. Third, I hypothesize that the strength of linear relationship is also varied by these 5 types of variables itself. To begin the process, I use regression method to estimate the beta of underlying stock. Then, I estimate the option beta by multiplying the beta of underlying stock and the option elasticity. I then use regression method to test whether the 5 variables have linear relationship with option beta. I find that 3 variables (type of option, strike price and days to maturity) have the most significant linear relationship with option beta, while firm size has less significant linear relationship and book to market ratio have no significant linear relationship. Furthermore, using 2-way ANOVA, I test whether strength of linear relationship is varied by the type of the industry and the 5 types of variables. There is not enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of the industry, instead, there is enough evidence to infer that the strength of linear relationship between the 5 variables to option beta is varied by the type of variables.
Social Innovation for Sustainable Living - MIT ID InnovationPankaj Deshpande
In this blog, we will discuss the role of social innovation for sustainable living. To know more details, visit us at : https://mitidinnovation.com/recreation/social-innovation-for-sustainable-living/
Cultivating a Future ~ St Mary's University College, United Kingdom
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Sustainable development and the Earth CharterJaana Laitinen
Introduces the the theme of Sustainable Development and the Earth Charter.
Read this by August 19th, when we will have a chat discussion to go through the themes.
Note also, that homework related to this PowerPoint can be found from courses website, http://ecyg.wikispaces.com/YAC -> http://ecyg.wikispaces.com/Week_2 -> http://ecyg.wikispaces.com/message/list/Week_2 .
Vetovoimainen yritys tietää, miksi se on olemassaArto O Salonen
Yrittäjät-akatemian ja SuomiAreenan yhteistyönä järjestetyn luennon diat. Luento on katsottavissa tässä osoitteessa: https://www.mtv.fi/sarja/suomiareena-10003191/yrittajat-akatemia-1625073
Liikkumiskulttuuri on murroksessa. Tässä esityksessä piirretään liikkumiskulttuurin tulevaisuusvisio ja tarkastellaan niitä muutosvoimia, jotka murroksen saavat aikaiseksi.
Helsingin ilmastoseminaarin puheenvuoro: https://youtu.be/ez4SqhsSqJQ Arto O Salonen
Finlandia-talossa Helsingin ilmastoseminaarissa 11.2.2016 pidetyn puheenvuoron videotallenne löytyy osoitteesta https://youtu.be/ez4SqhsSqJQ
JUONI
1. Ihmisen on helpompi olla onnellisempi kun ymmärtää mitä oikeasti arvostaa elämässä. Raha ja materia on siinä mukana, mutta kuinka isossa roolissa, ja mitkä muut asiat ovat tärkeitä?
2. Luonnonvarojen rajallisuus estää koko ihmiskuntaa tavoittelemasta loputtomiin vain materiaalista kasvua. Materiaalisella lisäämisellä on rajat, mutta henkisen hyvinvoinnin kasvulla ei.
3. Oma etu ja yhteinen hyvä ovat enemmän samansuuntaisia kuin vastakkaisia tavoitteita. Merkityksellisempi elämä on mahdollista kun
- määrittelee, minkä verran materiaalista vaurautta riittää
- vahvistaa sosiaalista vaurautta
- edistää omilla valinnoillaan aktiivisesti parempaa huomista
4. Systeeminen ymmärrys auttaa havahtumaan siihen, että metsään satavat pisarat muodostavat joen. Jokainen voi omilla valinnoillaan luoda niitä parempia pisaroita, joista tulee iso virta.
5. Täysi ihmisyys = ihminen on tasapainossa sekä itsensä kanssa, että sen kanssa, mitä jättää perinnöksi lapsilleen.
Palvelumuotoilulla kohti kukoistavaa elämääArto O Salonen
Luennon video: https://youtu.be/zzlXH4mXX7I
Elämän ytimessä on tunne oman elämän merkityksellisyydestä ja kokemus tämän hetken täyteydestä. Palvelu, joka onnistuu vastaamaan ihmisenä olemisen ydinkysymyksiin, on poikkeuksellisen vetovoimainen. Täydellinen palvelukokemus on sellainen, jossa voi kokea itsensä entistä arvokkaammaksi ihmiseksi.
Esitys jäsentyy seuraavasti:
1. Asiakasymmärryksen uudet suunnat
2. Design ekologisesta näkökulmasta
3. Design yhteiskunnallisesta näkökulmasta
4. Design asiakkaan kokeman hyvinvoinnin näkökulmasta
5. Millaista on kestävä palvelumuotoilu?
6. Tehtävä
Esitelmän video löytyy osoitteesta https://youtu.be/Q9Q3XjvTj9A Esitelmä perustuu artikkeliin Ekososiaalinen sivistys herättää luottamusta tulevaisuuteen. Aikuiskasvatus 35(1), 4-15.
Sivistyksen ydin löytyy tunnistamalla, mitkä asiat ovat luovuttamattomia ja väistämättömästi tosia hyvän elämän saavuttamisen kannalta. Tällöin päädytään siihen, että ilman ekologista perustaa ei ihmisyhteisöä voi olla olemassa ja ilman ihmisyhteisöä ei taloutta voi olla olemassa. Tulevaisuuden toivon ylläpitämiseksi huolenpidon piiri kattaa ensisijaisesti ekologiset kysymykset, jotta elämän edellytyksen säilyisivät, ja toissijaisesti sosiaaliset ihmisoikeuksiin liittyvät kysymykset, jotta arvokkaan elämän edellytykset säilyisivät. Näin luodaan perustaa kestävälle taloudelle. Inhimillisen kasvun ja oppimisen päämääränä on ekososiaalisesti sivistynyt ihminen, jolle on ominaista vastuullisen maailmasuhteen muuttuminen ajattelusta teoiksi yhä useammissa arkisissa valinnoissa. Vastuullinen maailmasuhde ilmenee vastuun ja vapauden tasapainona kaikessa mihin ihminen ryhtyy.
Kehyksen syysseminaari "Paremman maailman rakennuspalikat" Eurooppa-salissa Helsingissä 27.11.2014. Esitelmäni aiheena "Kestävä maailma on mahdollinen".
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. What really matters in life?
What counts as a good life?
What is human excellence?
What is an optimal state of
being?
How to be all you can be?
4. OUR CULTURAL PROGRAMMING
We need rapid economic growth at any cost
because increasing consumption is the best
way to good life.
5. I Economic growth
II Human rights, social justice, dignified living
III Thriving ecosystems and sustainable use of natural resources
Current model of well-being,
happiness and good life?
6. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Living beyond our means: natural assets and human wellbeing. Statement from the Board.
www.maweb.org/documents/document.429.aspx.pdf
“Human activity is putting such strain
on the natural functions of Earth that
the ability of the planet’s ecosystems
to sustain future generations can no
longer be taken for granted.”
9. The most profitable way to
produce goods and services is
forced labour,
child labour and
ecological irresponsibility?
10. Bureau of International Labor Affairs (2012). U.S. Department of Labor’s List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor. Trafficking Victims
Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, Washington: U.S. Department of Labor. Available at
http://www.dol.gov/ILAB/programs/ocft/tvpra.htm
Reardon, S. (2012). Will we ever be able to buy a fair-trade smartphone? New Scientist 2860, 18.
SACOM (2012). Toying with Workers’ Rights. A Report on Producing Merchandise for the London 2012 Olympic Games. Play Fair.
Coninck, N. Theuws, M. & Overeem, P. (2011). Captured by Cotton. Exploited Dalit girls produce garments in India for European and US markets.
Amsterdam: SOMO - Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations. Available: www.indianet.nl/pdf/CapturedByCotton.pdf
Iqbal, S., Guggenberger, M. & Alam, K. (2012). Deadly Denim. Sandblasting in the Bangladesh Garment Industry. Amsterdam: Clean Clothes Campaign.
Ferus-Comelo, Anibel & Pöyhönen, Päivi (2011). Phony Equality - Labour standards of mobile phone manufacturers in India. Finnwatch, Cividep and
SOMO.
Kakuli, A. & Risberg, V. (2012). A lost revolution? Empowered but trapped in poverty. Women in the garment industry in Bangladesh want more.
Swedwatch report 47. Available www.swedwatch.org/sites/www.swedwatch.org/files/a_lost_revolution_sw_0.pdf
Kit Ho, Chun, Pöyhönen, Päivi & Simola, Eeva. (2009). Playing with Labour Rights: Music player and game console manufacturing in China. Helsinki:
FinnWatch.
Pöyhönen, P. (2009). Fair Phones: It’s Your Call – Why Finnish mobile operators should be responsible for supply chains. Helsinki: Finnwatch.
UNDP (2008). Human Development Report 2007–2008. Fighting climate change. Human solidarity in a divided world. New York: United Nations
Development Programme.
Chan, Jenny, de Haan, Esther, Nordbrand, Sara & Torstensson, Annika (2010). Silenced to deliver: Mobile phone manufacturing in China and the
Philippines. Stockholm: SOMO & SwedWatch
UN (2011). Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. Geneva:
United Nations. Available: www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf
“Will we ever be able to buy
a fair-trade smartphone?”
____________
12. “Happiness cannot exist while
others suffer, and comes only from
serving others, living in harmony
with nature, and realizing our
innate wisdom and the true and
brilliant nature of our own mind.”
- Lyonchen Thinley
13. Max-Neef, M. (2010). The World on a Collision Course and the Need for a New Economy. Ambio 39(3), 200-210.
Baker, S. (2006). Sustainable development. London: Routledge.
Giddings, B., Hopwood, B. & O'Brien, G. (2002). Environment, economy and society: fitting them together into sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 10(4), 187–196.
Hediger, W. (1999) Reconciling “weak” and “strong” sustainability. International Journal of Social Economics, 26(7/8/9), 1120–1144.
Ott, K. (2003). The Case for Strong Sustainability. In: Ott, K. & P. Thapa (eds.) Greifswald’s Environmental Ethics. Steinbecker Verlag.
I
Without well–
functioning nature
there can be no society.
II
Without a society there can
be no societal functions,
including an economy.
III
Without efficient economy it
is not possible to fulfil basic
needs of people.
15. We managed to stop the global
ozone depletion
We already almost doubled our life
spans
We have created universal education
system and universal medical care.
Great changes are possible
17. Our planet is a system of the interdependence.
All components support each other.
My behaviour affects other people, nature
and economy locally and globally
The challenge is to identify what kind of
systems we are linked in
1
* Systems thinking focus on causal relationships between elements. Systems thinking helps us to combine
ecological, social and economic point of view. In East Africa they used to say “mvua ni chakula”. It refers to
the systems thinking: “rain is food”.
________________
18. Benefits the local community?
Promotes public health and animal well-being?
Maintains biodiversity?
Helps establish global food security?
Maintains transparency? Producer and
consumer may know each others
My cup of coffee?
21. 3
NEEDS DESIRES ANDWANTS
Universal ends for
good life
Personal instruments for
good life
Can NOT be questioned Can be questioned
Fulfilling of basic needs
is a human right
Fulfilling of desires and
wants depends on ethics
22. A shopper who shops only
to meet her or his needs
poses danger to the
consumer markets?
23. “You are rich if you know
how much is enough”
-Asian wisdom
25. Altruism (sharing and caring)
Ties to other people and society
Dedication
Self-transcendence
Participation
gives life satisfaction?
Maslow, A. (1960).Toward a Psychology of Being. Blacksburg:Wilder Publications.
Aknin, L., Hamlin, J., & Dunn, E. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoSONE 7(6), e39211.
Warneken, F. &Tomasello, M. (2009).The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology 100(3), 455–471.
___________
26. __________
Trusting that your wallet would be returned if
found by a neighbour (for someone who
already felt they belonged in their
neighbourhood) has the additional life-
satisfaction equivalent of 30% higher income
Having a sense of belonging in one’s com-
munity has a larger effect on life satisfaction
than a tripling of household income.
Helliwell, J. (2013). Social norms, happiness, and the environment: closing the circle. Sustainability: Science,
Practice, & Policy 10(1), 78-84.
Helliwell, J. & Barrington-Leigh, C. (2011). How much is social capital worth?Teoksessa J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & S.
Haslam (ed.),The Social Cure. London: Psychology Press, 55–57.
Culture of trust is worth of it
28. Salonen, A. & Konkka, J. (2015). An Ecosocial Approach to Well-Being: A Solution to the Wicked Problems in the Era of Anthropocene. Foro de Educación 13(19), 19-34.
Salonen, A. (2015). Ecosocial Approach in Education. In: Rolf Jucker ja Reiner Mathar (eds.) Schooling for Sustainable Development: Concepts, Policies and Educational
Experiences at the End of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer.
Salonen, A. & Rouhinen, S. (2015). Vastuullinen maailmasuhde – tulevaisuuden toivoa säilyttävän kulttuurievoluution suunnannäyttäjä. Tiedepolitiikka 3, 7-16.
Salonen, A. & Bardy, M. (2015). Ekososiaalinen sivistys herättää luottamusta tulevaisuuteen. Aikuiskasvatus 35(1), 4-15.
Systems thinking
- integrated world
(causal
relationships)
- consequentialism
- local - global
The hierarchy of ecological, social and economic
aspects of well-being
I Thriving ecosystems (intrinsic value)
II Human rights, social justice, dignified living (intrinsic value)
III Robust economy (instrumental value)
Responsibility
- enough for all
(sharing and caring)
- planetary responsibility
(human and non-
human world)
Sufficiency
How much is
enough?
Participation
- culture of
trust
- cooperation
- value of social
capital
Eco-social approach to education
29. NOW INTHE FUTURE
Fair future for all when carrying capasity
of Earth is limited
”Overdeveloping” cultures, societies and lifestyles
”Underdeveloping” cultures, societies and lifestyles
1 PLANET
2 planets
3 planets
4 planets