First among the series of visualization of ecological -sanitation research work conducted by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam Foundation.
Bottle it up_Scientific studies on human urine_Arghyam_2012India Water Portal
This presentation visualizes the results of the Ph.D. work done by Dr. G. Sridevi on the reuse of human urine in agriculture.
The presentation is covered by an Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Please let us know if you use it for your work by email to info@arghyam.org.
For more information on this research work and ecological sanitation, please see http://www.arghyam.org/node/335.
The study examined the concentration of heavy metals
in water, soil and vegetables growing wildly on cement-polluted
soil of Rewa city, India. Accumulation of HMs in vegetables
occurs by various sources but soil is considered the major one. In
this study, soil to vegetable transfer factor (TF) for various HMs
were also calculated and data showed that TF values differed
significantly between soil and vegetable, the difference in TF
values among different vegetables may be attributed to
differences in element uptake by different vegetables. However
TF values obtained for all vegetables were below (1) at all sites.
TF were computed to quantify relative differences in
bioavailability of metals to vegetables to identify the efficiency of
a vegetables species to accumulate a HM(s). These factors were
based on roots uptake of metals and discount the foliar
absorption of atmospheric metal deposits. However TF does not
present the risk associated with the metal in any form.
Bottle it up_Scientific studies on human urine_Arghyam_2012India Water Portal
This presentation visualizes the results of the Ph.D. work done by Dr. G. Sridevi on the reuse of human urine in agriculture.
The presentation is covered by an Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Please let us know if you use it for your work by email to info@arghyam.org.
For more information on this research work and ecological sanitation, please see http://www.arghyam.org/node/335.
The study examined the concentration of heavy metals
in water, soil and vegetables growing wildly on cement-polluted
soil of Rewa city, India. Accumulation of HMs in vegetables
occurs by various sources but soil is considered the major one. In
this study, soil to vegetable transfer factor (TF) for various HMs
were also calculated and data showed that TF values differed
significantly between soil and vegetable, the difference in TF
values among different vegetables may be attributed to
differences in element uptake by different vegetables. However
TF values obtained for all vegetables were below (1) at all sites.
TF were computed to quantify relative differences in
bioavailability of metals to vegetables to identify the efficiency of
a vegetables species to accumulate a HM(s). These factors were
based on roots uptake of metals and discount the foliar
absorption of atmospheric metal deposits. However TF does not
present the risk associated with the metal in any form.
Study on Quality of Soil: Part-II. Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, ...BRNSS Publication Hub
The analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of the toxic trace metals Cu, Pb, Cd, and Znin soil samples from Bhusawal, employing electrochemical techniques, namely square wave voltammetry, differential pulse polarographic, and anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) techniques at hanging mercury drop electrode. The soil samples were collected from Bhusawal area, at five points, in March 2016. The metals were made free from any interference, and the applicability of the method has been proved by the analysis of soil samples from polluted and non-polluted area. Accuracy is verified by employing atomic absorption spectrometry. Simultaneous determination by the polarographic and voltammetric method for studied four metals and calculation of concentration level of each metal in the collected samples from the selected area was studied. The results and conclusions were discussed.
Effects of renewal pattern of recycled nutrient solution on the ion balance i...gugabione
Ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solutions is caused by selective ion uptake of plants, which occurs at different
rates in different growth stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ion balances in both recycled nutrient
solutions and rockwool media using different renewal patterns for the nutrient solutions, and to analyze the subsequent effects
on uptake of water and nutrients. Over 12 weeks of paprika cultivation, two different renewal patterns (week units) of 6-4-2
and 8-2-2 weeks were compared with a constant renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks (control). The nutrient solution in the reservoir
tank was constantly maintained at EC 2.5 dS・m
-1
and pH 5.5-6.5. The changes in the ion balance with the 4-4-4 week pattern
were smaller than those with the other treatments. In the early growth stage, however, the ion balances similarly changed
among all treatments. Greater changes were subsequently observed for the 6-4-2 week pattern. Although fruit yield and shoot
fresh weight of paprika were the lowest with 6-4-2 renewal pattern, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate
that renewal intervals can be extended in consideration of growth stage for more efficient and practical operations in closed
soilless cultures.
This project investigated soil recovery processes on the reclaimed territories of Kavtiskhevi and Gardabani quarries by means of soil inhabiting invertebrates.
Oribatid mites, in the Acarine suborder Oribatida, are associated with organic matter in most terrestrial ecosystems (Behan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2007; Maraun et al., 2007; Norton and Behan-Pelletier, 2009; Schneider, 2005). Their ability for dispersal is low and those that do disperse as adults (Norton, 1994). As a result, oribatid mites cannot easily escape from stress conditions. Population of oribatid mites decline rapidly when their habitat is damaged, that allows detection of environmental degradation. So, they can be considered as «early warning» indicators of stress.
Springtails (Collembola) are major components of terrestrial ecosystems, constituting a substantial proportion of the soil animal biomass and diversity and are thus frequently and easily found (Coleman et al., 2004). Like oribatids, they play an important role in plant litter decomposition and in soil formation processes. They are known as one of the pioneers of early stages of soil recovery processes and rapid colonizers of reclaimed waste sites (Hutson, 1980).
Project actions:
1. Inventory of soil arthropods ( oribatid mites, springtails);
2. Study biotic complexity of reclaimed and control sites using invertebrate animals as bioindicators;
3. Identify pioneer colonists species and species adapted to the anthropogenic pressure;
4. Reveal the effectiveness of provided reclamation activities;
5. Publish informative booklet and on line placement of the project activities and project results.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Georgia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/soil-arthropod-diversity-and-quarry-rehabilitation
Zn distribution in soils amended with different kinds of sewage sludgeSilvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2008 b. Zn distribution in soils amended with different kinds of sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Management (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 88: 1571-1579. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.026 ISSN: 0301-4797.
Phosphorus mineralization of bioslurry and other manures in soil Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to see the phosphorus (P) mineralization pattern of bioslurry under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurry (cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry) and their original manure (cowdung and poultry manure) at 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1, respectively were thoroughly mixed with soil and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic moisture condition for 12 weeks. Among the four different types of manure, P release from poultry manure slurry was the highest. Poultry manure and cowdung slurry recorded very closer amount of available P. Both cowdung slurry and poultry manure slurry released higher amount of P compared to their original state (cowdung and poultry manure). P mineralization reaches in peak within 4-6 weeks of incubation. Under anaerobic condition the P mineralization was found higher compared to aerobic condition. The P mineralization data fitted strongly to the first order kinetic model. The bioslurries had lower rate of mineralization but had higher potentiality to release P in the soil compared to their original state.
Sulphur (S) is a ubiquitous on earth and statistically S is available in adequate amounts to satisfy globally plant growth. Nevertheless S deficiency is an important nutrient disorder in agricultural production on all continents (Haneklaus et al., 2003). The S biogeochemical cycle of agro-ecosystems involves the processes like mineralization, immobilization, oxidation, reduction, adsorption, desorption and atmospheric S emissions. Das et al. (2012) reported that the organic C and clay play an important role in regulating sulphur availability in some rapeseed-growing soils of Assam. Examination of soils after incubation revealed that the mineralized S was mainly derived from the C-bonded S and non-reducible organic S pool, while the majority of mineralized S under soil S exhaustion by rice was derived from the C–O–S pool (Zhou et al., 2005). The agronomic efficiency and apparent S recovery by wheat-soybean system decreased with an increase in S application, while the percent response increased with increasing in levels of S. Due to S application, the content of available S was found to increase and the increase was more in surface soils than lower layers (Singh et al., 2014). In a pot culture study, the pesticides like endosulfan, dithane M-45 served a detrimental effect on transformation of S, whereas 2, 4-D created a favourable beneficial effect on S transformation in soil environment (Giri et al., 2011). Long-term human intervention markedly changed the molecular- level composition of soil organic S and led to a shift in the apparent oxidation state of organic S from undisturbed grassland soils primarily composed of S moieties in highly reduced and intermediate oxidation states toward managed agro-ecosystems dominated by organic S rich in strongly oxidized or high-valence S species (Solomon et al., 2011). The XANES (X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy) indicated that the long-term FYM application shifted S species composition from highly oxidized towards intermediate oxidization (Boye et al., 2011). Long term studies related to land use changes may help to understand the soil S cycle in cropping and agro-forestry systems and enrich the knowledge about S management (Jiang et al., 2007). Future research should include evaluation of all components of S cycle collaborating with others to asses environmental impact and sustainability of feedstock production.
Potassium is one of the essential major plant nutrient after nitrogen and phosphorus. Its management is more important since large amount of native k is mined by crops if it is not supplied externally. Role of potassium in increasing the yield of crops and improving the quality of produces has been in the agenda of soil scientists. It is seventh most common element in the lithosphere which contains on average 2.6% potassium.
The total potassium content of indian soils varies from 0.5 to 3.0%.Total potassium present in soils, more than 98% occurs in primary and secondary minerals.
Study on Quality of Soil: Part-II. Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, ...BRNSS Publication Hub
The analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of the toxic trace metals Cu, Pb, Cd, and Znin soil samples from Bhusawal, employing electrochemical techniques, namely square wave voltammetry, differential pulse polarographic, and anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) techniques at hanging mercury drop electrode. The soil samples were collected from Bhusawal area, at five points, in March 2016. The metals were made free from any interference, and the applicability of the method has been proved by the analysis of soil samples from polluted and non-polluted area. Accuracy is verified by employing atomic absorption spectrometry. Simultaneous determination by the polarographic and voltammetric method for studied four metals and calculation of concentration level of each metal in the collected samples from the selected area was studied. The results and conclusions were discussed.
Effects of renewal pattern of recycled nutrient solution on the ion balance i...gugabione
Ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solutions is caused by selective ion uptake of plants, which occurs at different
rates in different growth stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ion balances in both recycled nutrient
solutions and rockwool media using different renewal patterns for the nutrient solutions, and to analyze the subsequent effects
on uptake of water and nutrients. Over 12 weeks of paprika cultivation, two different renewal patterns (week units) of 6-4-2
and 8-2-2 weeks were compared with a constant renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks (control). The nutrient solution in the reservoir
tank was constantly maintained at EC 2.5 dS・m
-1
and pH 5.5-6.5. The changes in the ion balance with the 4-4-4 week pattern
were smaller than those with the other treatments. In the early growth stage, however, the ion balances similarly changed
among all treatments. Greater changes were subsequently observed for the 6-4-2 week pattern. Although fruit yield and shoot
fresh weight of paprika were the lowest with 6-4-2 renewal pattern, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate
that renewal intervals can be extended in consideration of growth stage for more efficient and practical operations in closed
soilless cultures.
This project investigated soil recovery processes on the reclaimed territories of Kavtiskhevi and Gardabani quarries by means of soil inhabiting invertebrates.
Oribatid mites, in the Acarine suborder Oribatida, are associated with organic matter in most terrestrial ecosystems (Behan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2007; Maraun et al., 2007; Norton and Behan-Pelletier, 2009; Schneider, 2005). Their ability for dispersal is low and those that do disperse as adults (Norton, 1994). As a result, oribatid mites cannot easily escape from stress conditions. Population of oribatid mites decline rapidly when their habitat is damaged, that allows detection of environmental degradation. So, they can be considered as «early warning» indicators of stress.
Springtails (Collembola) are major components of terrestrial ecosystems, constituting a substantial proportion of the soil animal biomass and diversity and are thus frequently and easily found (Coleman et al., 2004). Like oribatids, they play an important role in plant litter decomposition and in soil formation processes. They are known as one of the pioneers of early stages of soil recovery processes and rapid colonizers of reclaimed waste sites (Hutson, 1980).
Project actions:
1. Inventory of soil arthropods ( oribatid mites, springtails);
2. Study biotic complexity of reclaimed and control sites using invertebrate animals as bioindicators;
3. Identify pioneer colonists species and species adapted to the anthropogenic pressure;
4. Reveal the effectiveness of provided reclamation activities;
5. Publish informative booklet and on line placement of the project activities and project results.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Georgia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/soil-arthropod-diversity-and-quarry-rehabilitation
Zn distribution in soils amended with different kinds of sewage sludgeSilvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2008 b. Zn distribution in soils amended with different kinds of sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Management (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 88: 1571-1579. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.026 ISSN: 0301-4797.
Phosphorus mineralization of bioslurry and other manures in soil Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to see the phosphorus (P) mineralization pattern of bioslurry under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurry (cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry) and their original manure (cowdung and poultry manure) at 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1, respectively were thoroughly mixed with soil and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic moisture condition for 12 weeks. Among the four different types of manure, P release from poultry manure slurry was the highest. Poultry manure and cowdung slurry recorded very closer amount of available P. Both cowdung slurry and poultry manure slurry released higher amount of P compared to their original state (cowdung and poultry manure). P mineralization reaches in peak within 4-6 weeks of incubation. Under anaerobic condition the P mineralization was found higher compared to aerobic condition. The P mineralization data fitted strongly to the first order kinetic model. The bioslurries had lower rate of mineralization but had higher potentiality to release P in the soil compared to their original state.
Sulphur (S) is a ubiquitous on earth and statistically S is available in adequate amounts to satisfy globally plant growth. Nevertheless S deficiency is an important nutrient disorder in agricultural production on all continents (Haneklaus et al., 2003). The S biogeochemical cycle of agro-ecosystems involves the processes like mineralization, immobilization, oxidation, reduction, adsorption, desorption and atmospheric S emissions. Das et al. (2012) reported that the organic C and clay play an important role in regulating sulphur availability in some rapeseed-growing soils of Assam. Examination of soils after incubation revealed that the mineralized S was mainly derived from the C-bonded S and non-reducible organic S pool, while the majority of mineralized S under soil S exhaustion by rice was derived from the C–O–S pool (Zhou et al., 2005). The agronomic efficiency and apparent S recovery by wheat-soybean system decreased with an increase in S application, while the percent response increased with increasing in levels of S. Due to S application, the content of available S was found to increase and the increase was more in surface soils than lower layers (Singh et al., 2014). In a pot culture study, the pesticides like endosulfan, dithane M-45 served a detrimental effect on transformation of S, whereas 2, 4-D created a favourable beneficial effect on S transformation in soil environment (Giri et al., 2011). Long-term human intervention markedly changed the molecular- level composition of soil organic S and led to a shift in the apparent oxidation state of organic S from undisturbed grassland soils primarily composed of S moieties in highly reduced and intermediate oxidation states toward managed agro-ecosystems dominated by organic S rich in strongly oxidized or high-valence S species (Solomon et al., 2011). The XANES (X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy) indicated that the long-term FYM application shifted S species composition from highly oxidized towards intermediate oxidization (Boye et al., 2011). Long term studies related to land use changes may help to understand the soil S cycle in cropping and agro-forestry systems and enrich the knowledge about S management (Jiang et al., 2007). Future research should include evaluation of all components of S cycle collaborating with others to asses environmental impact and sustainability of feedstock production.
Potassium is one of the essential major plant nutrient after nitrogen and phosphorus. Its management is more important since large amount of native k is mined by crops if it is not supplied externally. Role of potassium in increasing the yield of crops and improving the quality of produces has been in the agenda of soil scientists. It is seventh most common element in the lithosphere which contains on average 2.6% potassium.
The total potassium content of indian soils varies from 0.5 to 3.0%.Total potassium present in soils, more than 98% occurs in primary and secondary minerals.
Alpha rashid mshihiry a successful business analyst abihuiah
Mshihiri Alpha Mshihiry is a motivated professional. Mshihiri Alpha Mshihiri has always been a dedicated and hardworking individual. He received his Bachelor's degree in science in MIS/ Strategic Management from Metropolitan State University.
City-Globe 2015, Online kommunikációs kihívások a közigazgatásban Csilla Herendy
A városok egy része nem, vagy nem megfelelően használja az online kommunikációban rejlő lehetőségeket. Weboldaluk elavult, nincsenek kellőképpen tekintettel sem a felhasználókra, sem pedig a piaci körökben már lassan alapvetőnek számító ergonómiai, használhatósági szempontokra. Túl sok, és nem a userek igényei szerint elrendezett (tehát számukra áttekinthetetlen és felesleges) információt tartalmaznak.
Szükségtelennek tűnik érveket felsorakoztatni amellett, hogy miért érdemes a településeknek, kis és nagyvárosoknak kontrollálniuk, fejleszteniük kommunikációs tevékenységüket, és odafigyelniük stabil és karakteres online jelenlétükre.
Az a város, amely online kommunikációs aktivitását ésszerűen szervezi és professzionálisan tartja kézben, számtalan előnyt élvez azokkal szemben, amelyek nem teszik ugyanezt.
Napjainkban a kommunikációs tevékenységből nem elegáns kifelejteni az online jelenlétet. Egy megfelelően és átgondoltan szerkesztett, friss információkkal ellátott weboldal segítségével egyszerűbben és sikeresebben tud a település kommunikálni a helyi lakossággal, turistákkal, befektetőkkel, potenciális egyéb célcsoportjaival.
A hazai települések, önkormányzatok részéről mutatkozik igény arra, hogy a készülő, újratervezett weboldaluk trendi legyen, és valamilyen formában a tesztelést is igyekeznek beiktatni a fejlesztési folyamatba. Látható azonban, és a szélesebb körű tapasztalatok is ezt igazolják, hogy dacára az olykor megjelenő igyekezetnek, a tesztelés módja és menete ritkán felel meg a usability kutatói szakma elméleti alapvetéseinek.
Milyen szempontokra (lenne) érdemes odafigyelni a fejlesztés során, miért és hogyan lenne érdemes tesztelni azokat? Mit tanulhatnak a települések a legjobbaktól?
Usability alapok, webkettes kitekintéssel.
Determination of the Optimum Sulphur Fertilizer Rate for Groundnut Production...AI Publications
Laboratory studies and pot Experiments were carried out to determine the optimum sulphur (S)fertilizer rate for groundnut production in selected soils of Benue state using sorption indices. Surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected for sorption studies and pot experiments. The sorption study was carried out by shaking known concentrations of S (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mgkg-1) with 5g soil sample. The suspension was filtered and the amount of S in solution determined. The amount of sulphatesorbed was estimated as the difference between equilibrium sulphate concentration and initial sulphate added. Data from the sorption study was fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption equations. Thereafter a pot experiment was carried out with six levels of solution sulphate concentration to determine the optimum S concentration for yield of groundnut and the amount of sulphur fertilizer required to achieve this concentration in the soil under study. Result show that both soils have the capacity to sorb sulphur. The sorption maxima, buffering capacity and binding energy of the soils under study are 70.66 mgkg-1, 15.81mg kg-1, 0.22 dm3 mg-1 and 117.84 mgkg1, 9.83 mg kg-1,0.08 dm3 kg-1 for Aliade and Daudu soils respectively.The highest yield in Aliade soil was obtained with 6 mg kg-1 S while 12 mg kg-1 S gave the highest yield in Daudu soil. Aliadeand Daudu soils would require 57.41 and 23.69 kg ha-1S respectively to maintain 12 mg/kg and 9mg/kg of S in the soil solution. Hence for groundnut production in Aliade soil, 57.41 kg S ha-1 is recommended while for the Daudu soil, 23.69 kg S ha-1 is recommended.
Monitoring Of Macronutrients Uptake by Soil and Potato Plants – A Comparative...IOSR Journals
Soil test1, 2 is necessary to identify optimal concentrations of essential elements required for plant growth. The fertility of soil is affected by the presence of some essential elements as Macronutrients like N, P& K. This study including the status of Macronutrients in the soil and potato plans. The percentage of nitrogen (N) in soil of potato plant was obtained 5.6% and 1.89% where as nitrogen percentage in plant ash was 17.45% and 16.4% respectively. But the phosphorus and potassium are present in adequate amount in soil. As it was found that the concentration of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in part per million in soil of potato was 62ppm and 148.3ppm and in potato plant ash the concentration was 64.23ppm and 103.3ppm respectively.
Assessment of remediation Potentials of maize (Zea mays) on sites co-contamin...IJAEMSJORNAL
Phytoremediation is a promising technology for the remediation of sites co-contaminated with inorganic and organic pollutants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the remediation potential of Z.mays in soil co- contaminated with Pb and antracene. Pristine sandy loam soils were polluted with Pb chloride salt and antracene at three different levels (50mg/kg of Pb, 100mg/kg of Pb, and 100mg/kg of Pb+100mg/kg of antracene) and laid out in completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Shoot dry matter weight was significantly reduced (p≤0.05) when compared with control treatments by 40% when exposed to100mg kg-1 of Pb. There was a 48% inhibition of shoot dry matter of Z.mays relative to control treatments when 100 mg Pb kg-1 was mixed with 100 mgkg-1 antracene. Root and shoot metal concentration in Zea mays increased with increasing concentration of Pb. The average Translocation Factor (TF < 1 (0.69) obtained suggests that Zea mays predominantly retains Pb in the root portion of the plant. There was a 5% increase in shoot Pb concentration when soil was contaminated with Pb and antracene. The extractable antracene decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in soil planted with Z.mays as well as in pots without maize plant. This accounted for 65 and 72% of antracene dissipation in planted soil and 40-46% dissipation in unplanted soil. This result suggested that Zeamays is a promising candidate for uptake Pb and dissipation of antracene in co-contaminated soils.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Soil of Phaltan Tahsil In Satara District From M...inventionjournals
Soil is natural body of mineral and organic material. It serves as more reliable index for productivity. In the present study, ten samples are collected from different places of Phaltan Tahasil and physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductance, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were analyzed in the month of January 2017. pH indicates that almost all the sample soil are alkaline. The concentration of organic carbon and nitrogen are below the moderate limit. While concentration of phosphorous and potassium is found to be moderate and greater than moderate limit.
Enzymes activity and content of antioxidants in leaves of halophytes from sal...Innspub Net
The purpose of the given study was to investigate characteristics of antioxidant system and other biochemical indices of some salt resistans species growing on saline soils of Georgia. Activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and nitrate reductase, also low molecular antioxidants (proline, ascorbic acid, soluble phenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids), and of content of total proteins, chlorophylls, and soluble carbohydrates has been investigated in leaves of salt resistnt plants-Salsola soda L.-opposite-leaved saltworth, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.-salt cedar, Chenopodium album L.-goosefoot, Artemisia lerchiana (Web.)-sagebrush, Achillea biebersteinii (Afan.)-allheal and Adonis bienertii (Butkov ex Riedl.)-pheasant's eye-growing coastwise and in surroundings of Kumisi Lake (East Georgia, lower Kartli), in order to study the influence of salinization level on the studied parameters. Spectrophotometrical, gazometrical and titration methods has been used for investigations. Increase of salinity induced activation of peroxidase, rise of proline and total proteins content in leaves of eu-and crynohalophytes (saltworth, goosefoot, salt cedar). Activation of catalase and peroxidase, also increase of the content of anthocyanins, phenols, total proteins and soluble carbohydrates was mentioned in leaves of glyco halophytes (sagebrush, allheal, peasant's eye) under the same conditions. Activation of peroxidase and increase of the content of total proteins seemed to be the uniting mechanism for adaptation to high level salinization among the studied species..
Study on Distribution of Microbial and Diazotrophic Azotobacter Population in...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The current scenario encounters the steady demand of food supply and the application of fertilizer is become an indispensable in modern agriculture. Hence, the present study is focused on distribution of microbial and diazotrophic Azotobacter population in rhizosphere soil sample. Total microbial population viz, bacteria, fungi, actiomycetes and diazotrophic Azotobacter were enumerated from five different rhizosphere soil samples and compared the distribution of diazotrophic Azotobacter with other three microbial groups. The results of enumeration of total microbial population reveals that comparatively the bacterial population found to be higher followed by Azotobacter population in various rhizosphere soil. Based on the predominant growth, five Azotobacter strains (one isolate from each sample) were isolated and authenticated through morphological and biochemical characteristics.
Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
A field study was carried out during the two consecutive years (2015-2016) in the region of Biskra, southern east of Algeria on date palms of Deglet-Nour variety, grown in a salty environment. To study the combined effect of salinity and phospho-potassium fertilization on the quality and nutritional value of dates, two sites of different salinity, occupied by 54 date palms variety Deglet-Nour has been selected. The palms were fertilized by receiving three doses of potassium (0, 2 and 3 kg / palm) as potassium sulphate K 2 SO 4 (50%) combined with three levels of phosphorus (0, 1 and 2 kg / palm) as superphosphate (TSP 46%). The results revealed that applying 2 kg of potassium/palm in an excessively salty environment and 3 kg/palm in a low or unsalted environment associated to 1 kg of phosphorus in the two different cases of salinity of the two sites S1 and S2 improving the fruit traits.
Intercropping of maize and climbing bean: fodder yield, quality and nutrient ...Innspub Net
A study was conducted to examine fodder yield and silage quality of maize (Zea mays L.) and climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping with different planting structure. Maize was cultivated alone and intercropped with climbing bean as follows;1 row maize to 1 row climbing bean (1M1K), 1 row maize to 2 rows climbing bean (1M2K) and 2 rows maize to 1 row climbing bean (2M1K). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The crops were harvested when the maize reached at milk stage and climbing bean at R7 stage. The results indicated significant increase in fresh biomass and dry matter production of maize fodder alone as compared to maize intercropped with climbing bean fodder. However, no difference (p>0.05) was observed in ether extract (EE), and ash (%) of nutrient composition of fodder among the four treatments After 45 days of ensiling period, silage samples were analysed for pH, organic acids (lactic, acetic, and butyric), ammonia-N(NH3-N), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). All intercropped silages had higher CP values (1M1K, 12.0%; 1M2K, 12.3%; 2M1K, 11.1%) than the monocrop maize (SM, 8.9%) silage. Higher organic acids and ammonia-N (p<0.05) were produced in the 1M2K silages as compared to others silages. The study showed that among all intercropped silages the 1M2K (1 row maize to 2 rows climbing bean) was preferable according to nutrient composition than other intercropped silages.
Seed management’s influences on nodulation and yield of improved variety of s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A pot study was carried out on an improved soybean variety (TGX 1448-2E) to assess the effects of seed management on its nodulation and yield. The experiment was in factorial combinations with six replicates at the teaching and research farm of University of Abuja. The factors were 2 soils, 2 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (-P and + P), and 2 seed sources (farmer’s and researcher’s managed seeds). P was applied as triple superphosphate at 30 kg P ha-1. Destructive sampling was done at 8 weeks after planting to record growth parameters and nodulation. At maturity, the number and weight of pods, weight of 50 seeds and total seed yield were recorded. The results showed that generally researchers’ managed seeds showed a significantly higher mean values than farmers’ managed seeds. The pod and total seed weight from researchers’ seeds were 106.26 g and 52.43 g per plant respectively against the farmers’ managed seed with pod weight of 80.23 g and total seed weight of 44.35 g per plant. P application influenced significantly the weight of nodules, pods and seeds per plant. This significant lower performance observed in farmers’ managed seeds could have resulted from factors such poor seed handling or mix up during harvesting or storage, poor quality seed selection for planting.
The effect of liming on the acidity level of Dystric cambisol and the content...Innspub Net
Limited acid soil fertility is caused by a high concentration of H+ and Al3+, some organic acids and heavy metals, but also by a small accessibility of some nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, particularly Mo) and a small microbiological activity. This study has been conducted to determine the effect of three levels of liming (partial – 1/3 Y1, half – 1/2 Y1, and complete liming) on the neutralization of the acid reaction, a high content of mobile Al3+, and changes in the concentrations of available forms of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Dystric cambisol soil. The complete liming has almost completely neutralized the acid reaction, and decreased the level of mobile Al3+ below 1.0 mg kg-1. There
has been a satisfactory degree of decrease in pH and Al3+ in partial (1/3 of Y1) and half (1/2 of Y1) liming. No level
of liming has had a significant influence on the content of available forms of Fe and Cu, while the content of Zn
has decreased in accordance with the level of entered lime material and has been the lowest at the maximum doses of CaO applied. The level of changes caused by partial and halh-liming has justified these levels of acid repairing, which can be a great ecological and economic importance. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method was employed to monitor the nutrients status of onion plants (Allium cepa L.) grown in sandy soil at winter season in the Nubaria, Behira Governorate. DRIS norms were established for various nutrient ratios obtained from high yield group of onion plants. Seventy two samples of bulb were analyzed for N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content and bulb yield were recorded of onion farms fromNubaria, Behira Governorate. The forms of expression for different nutrients and their norms were selected, based on the highest variance ratio between low and high yielding group. The results showed that the average yield in the high-yielding group was 16.14ton ha-1, while the average yield in the low-yielding group was 11.18ton ha-1. Theselected DRIS norms of onion plants grown in sandy soil wereP/N: 0.154, K/N: 0.348, N/Fe: 83.45, Mn/N: 0.0015, Zn/N: 0.0017, Cu/N: 0.006, P/K: 0.441, P/Fe: 12.74, P/Mn: 106.5, Zn/P: 0.011, Cu/P: 0.004, Fe/K: 0.035, Mn/K: 0.004, Zn/K: 0.005, Cu/K: 0.002,Fe/Mn: 8.382, Fe/Zn: 7.202, Fe/Cu: 20.34, Zn/Mn: 1.164, Cu/Mn:0.413, Cu/Zn: 0.355. The sufficient ranges for N, P and K were 1.987 - 2.769 %, 0.282 - 0.448 % and 0.704 - 0.944 %, respectively. As well as, the sufficient ranges for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were 258.3 - 312.7, 29.72 - 38.64, 34.96 - 44.46 and 11.79 - 16.51 ppm, respectively. Determine the optimum values in bulb are an important indicator of the high quality of the bulbs, becausethe relationship between of those nutrientsand all these vehicleswhich are expressive on bulbquality.
Soil - Plant Nutrient Correlation Analysis of Maize Varieties at the Guinea S...IJEABJ
Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2008 and 2009 at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm in Samaru (110 11’ N, 70 38’E) within the northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to evaluate correlation relationships among soil, yield and yield quality of maize varieties. The objectives of the study are to correlate among soil, grain yield and grain composition. The treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150kgNha-1), two rates of micronutrients (0, cocktail mixtures) Cu, Fe, Zn, B and Mo and four maize varieties SAMMAZ 14, SUSUMA (QPM), SAMMAZ 11 and SAMMAZ 12 (normal maize) which gave a total of thirty-two (32) treatments. There was basal application of 60kgha-1P and 60kgha-1K. These treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications with a total of 96 plots respectively. The fertilizer treatments were factorially combined. Significant correlations were obtained between grain parameters and other yield parameters such as Stover (r= 0.669, P < 0.05); 1000grain weight (r= 0.617, P < 0.05); crude proteins (r= 0.364, P< 0.05) and total nitrogen in grain (r =0.993, P < 0.05). Grain yield also increased as soil pH (r =0.26, P < 0.01); TN (r =0.19, P < 0.01); Calcium (r =0.17, P <0.05); Zn (r =0.24, P < 0.01); Cu (r =0.31, P < 0.01) and B (r =0.49, P <0.05) increased while it decreased as crude protein (-0.39, P<0.05) of the grain decreased.
Stable Isotope Analysis as a Tool to Determine Nitrogen Fertilizer SourceCrimsonpublishersMCDA
Fingerprinting crops to detect organic or inorganic fertilizer use can be done by determining nitrogen (N) stable isotope values. In previous research, crops grown with organic N had higher amounts of 15N while those grown with inorganic N were higher in 14N. This information may be useful to follow plant
demands and N requirements of heavy N feeding crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lead
to more efficient N inputs. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with ‘Better Bush’ tomatoes using four soil fertility treatments consisting of a) inorganic fertilization [Miracle Grow®; 24N-4P-13K], b)
organic fertilization [bonemeal (6N-8P-0K), bloodmeal (12N-0P-0K), liquid Earth juice (2N-1P-1K) and 25% vermicompost]; c) mixed fertilization [Miracle Grow® with 25% vermicompost] and d) control [no fertilization].
ABSTRACT- Tagetes erecta L. was raised in pots containing soil treated with various concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500mg/kg). At maturity plants were separated into root, stem, leaves and inflorescence and lead accumulated in each part was quantified. The effects of lead accumulation on growth was analyzed by the measurement of various growth parameters like root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and total leaf area per plant. Moreover effect of lead accumulation on biochemical parameters was checked by quantitative estimation of various biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, total protein, free amino acids, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch. Results showed that there is no remarkable negative effect of accumulation of lead on the morphological growth of the plant. Biochemical analysis showed that amount of total protein continuously decreased whereas that of free amino acids continuously increased with increasing concentrations of lead. Amount of chlorophyll, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch contents continuously increased till mid-level i.e., Pb 1500 mg/kg and then continuously decreased at higher concentrations. Results of quantitative estimation of Pb in root, stem, leaves and inflorescence showed that roots accumulated highest amount of Pb followed by stem and leaves, whereas inflorescence contained least amount of Pb.
Key-words- Lead (Pb), Heavy metal, Tagetes erecta L., Accumulation, Phytoremediation
Ramoo of Sahaja Aharam brought the civil sector perspective on open access and asked some difficult questions like : what is the real meaning of it? What it doesn't mean? etc
A.K Jain, the head of AKMU , IARI shared his experience of implementation of Koha - Open Source ILS - Integrated Library System and CeRA - Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture.
last mile farmer reach using open agriculture and knowledge and Innovation ICTFRANK Water
Pritam of Digital Green shared his experiences of reaching the last mile to farmers using openly accessible knowledge and also making it openly available to the world on www through youtube channel.
Devika Madali of ISI shares experience working with agINFRA and RDA in building standards with respect to different aspects of open knowledge repositories.
Open Access and Natural Resource ConservationFRANK Water
An alternative look at open access of knowledge in agriculture and what it was traditionally like and what are things we could learn from our own traditional systems.
Open Access in Agriculture - ICAR Perspectice FRANK Water
Rameshwar Singh, Director of ICAR made a detailed presentation sharing the efforts made by ICAR in the last decade towards opening knowledge up and setting up means to measure the same to facilitate career growth of scientist.
Opening Data, Information and Knowledge for Agriculture Development FRANK Water
Ajit Maru,Senior Knowledge Officer at Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN, OiC, SRO at Global Forum on Agricultural Research presented where the international agricutural open access movement is heading towards.
Open data & knowledge solutions - a cgiar perspective dileepFRANK Water
This was a presentation made by Dr. G Dileepkumar of ICRISAT, sharing what is happening at CGIAR with respect to open access and how far has their initiative gone.
Open access to data, information and knowledge has been a movement that has picked up a lot of speed in the past few years. We from weaver technologies were invited by ICRISAT to talk and share our experiences with Open data/ information on the occasion of open access week.
This is another presentation visualizing the work on Ecological Sanitation by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam Foundation.
This is an advocacy presentation prepared from the research conducted on Ecological Sanitation and its benefits to agriculture by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam foundation.
Visualization of NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES FRAMEWORK STUDY done by CEEWFRANK Water
This is set of infographics based on the report content (NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES FRAMEWORK STUDY ) for widespread sharing and dissemination.
This report was researched and prepared by CEEW, Delhi
Communication strategy – Ganga River Basin Management Plan tFRANK Water
This was a communication stragegy we ( Sachin and I) developed in the past to address a external communication on Ganga River Basin Management plant that involved many stakeholdres including the academia, community, government and service providers.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Assure Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
Ecosan Visualization
1. Bottle it up! We can use it!
Scientific studies on Human Urine
2. Financial support for this thesis was provided
by Arghyam Foundation.
This is a visual representation of
Ph.D thesis Studies on the effect
of anthropogenic liquid waste
(ALW) on soil properties and crop
growth by G.Sridevi (PAK 5072).
The research was conducted at
Department of Soil Science and
Agriculture Chemistry, University
of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore and submitted in
October 2008.
4. scientific method
a method of procedure that has characterized natural science
since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing,
and modification of hypotheses.
- Oxford Dictionary
5. SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THIS STUDY
Hypothesis
Application of ALW*
as a nutrient source
has a positive
impact on soil
properties and crop
growth.
Test
Tested on
Observe
•Changes in soil
parameters
with
varying
ALW
concentrations.
•Comparative study of
maize & banana crop
growth with varying
treatment
with
fertilizer , ALW &
different
ALW
combinations.
Inference
A combination of
ALW + gypsum
gives crop growth
results at par
(partially
higher)
with recommended
dose of fertilizer.
•Pot experiment with
radish plants.
*ALW - Anthropogenic Liquid Waste (Urine)
6. ALW IN NUMBERS
ALW
1.37 liters/day
500 liters /year
NPK consumption in
Agriculture in India
generated in a year
1 Billion
kg
N
kg
P
kg
K
N-Nitrogen | P- Phosphorus | K-Potassium
million tons
million tons
million tons
*WASTED
N
P
K
million tons
million tons
million tons
**REQUIRED
7. INSTANCES OF ALW USAGE
2003
NETHERLANDS
12th Century
CHINA
ALW integrated
Ecosan projects
Recycled ALW for
farming
1990s
SOUTH AFRICA
2003
INDIA
Compost latrines
and ALW diverting
system introduced
ALW used as fertilizer
for potatoes and
chillies in Manipur
12th Century
JAPAN
Recycled ALW for
farming
18th Century
NEPAL
ALW used for
growing fodder crops
8. EXPERIMENT DESIGN (Completely Randomized)
PHASE I
PHASE II
PHASE III
Protocol Development
ALW
+
• Incubation studies
Application of ALW
ALW
ALW
ALW
Hypothesis
+
+
+
• Lab Analysis
Lab study
T1 —
T2 —
T3 —
T4 —
T5 —
T1—
T2 —
T3 —
T4 —
T5 —
T6 —
T7 —
T8 —
Effect of ALW on soil studied by
treating soil with various dilutions of
ALW and water (T 1,T 2…T 5)
Data interpretation
&
Statistical analysis
Field study
Effect of ALW on maize and banana
crop studied separately by treating the
crops with various dilutions of ALW,
water, urea, gypsum & fertilizer
separately (T 1,T 2…T8)
Plot size: Gross- 7.2 m2
Net- 3.24 m2
F
RDN supplied by
ALW treatment of soil
G
in splits
G
ALW
in splits
Water
U
U
U
U
U
U
F
G
Potted plant study
Effect of ALW studied in potted radish plants alone. Only nitrogen (N) supplied
as nutrient source through ALW(dosage based on RDN). Doses given in
combination of dilution and splits.
Test Observe
Fertilizer
G
Gypsum
U
Urea
RDN
Recommended
dose of
nitrogen
Inference
13. INFERENCE
Hypothesis
What does the data suggest?
1. Shows healthier crop
growth
ALW
G in splits
on
6 splits
2. Builds higher nutrient
content and mass in
the grain/fruit/root of
the respective crops.
Test
Observe
8 splits
3. Cost- Benefit ratio
marginally better than
chemical fertilizer
Inference