The Harvard Yard Soils Restoration Project aimed to improve soil health without chemicals. A test plot was established and treated with compost, compost tea, and organic fertilizers. Root growth increased significantly compared to the control plot. Soil nitrogen levels and water needs improved. FMO staff were trained to sustain the program. Research opportunities were identified. Next steps include strengthening partnerships, leveraging research, expanding composting, and growing the organic program.
The Harvard Yard Soils Restoration Project aimed to improve soil health without chemicals. A test plot was established and treated with compost, compost tea, and organic fertilizers. Root growth increased significantly compared to the control plot. Soil nitrogen levels and water needs improved. FMO staff were trained to sustain the program. Research opportunities were identified. The success led to expanding the organic program to more of Harvard Yard.
Harvard University has begun an organic landscaping program across 25 acres of its campus that uses compost and compost tea rather than pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. The results have been improved soil quality with deeper root systems and reduced need for irrigation. Inspired by these benefits, Harvard's president adopted the program for the presidential residence and hopes to expand organics to 80 acres of campus within two years. The program aims to promote sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions at Harvard.
The Rodale Institute developed a new compost recipe using amendments like clay, calcium, and humic acid to improve nutrient retention. In initial studies, the amended compost reduced nitrogen losses by up to 90% and phosphorus losses by up to 75% compared to standard compost. During a major rain event, the amended compost also lost less nutrients than standard compost or plain manure. The amendments accelerated the composting process while improving odor reduction and pathogen elimination. Further field tests will explore how the amended compost affects crop yields and nutrient leaching compared to other fertilizers.
This document provides guidance on sustainable turf care practices that reduce stress on turf and promote a healthy soil environment. Some key points:
- Maintaining healthy soil with beneficial microorganisms is important for turf health. Adding compost is recommended to support soil life and provide balanced, slow-release nutrients.
- Mature, nutrient-rich compost that has fully decomposed supports soil biology and suppresses diseases. It should be applied based on soil tests and turf nutrient needs.
- Proper nitrogen levels are important for vigor. Cool-season grasses are fertilized in spring/fall; warm-season grasses in late spring/summer. Cultural practices like aeration also reduce stress.
Vermicompost Quality as Influenced by Different Species of Earthworm and Bedd...x3G9
This research paper studied the effects of different bedding materials and earthworm species on vermicompost quality. Tea waste, weed biomass, and Eupatorium glandulosum mixed with cow dung were used as bedding materials. Eisenia foetida, Eudrillus euginea, and a local worm species were studied. The results showed that pH, organic carbon, and C:N ratio decreased over time in all treatments. The highest nitrogen content was in tea waste with Eisenia foetida. The highest phosphorus and potassium contents were in Eupatorium with the local worm. The local worm species multiplied faster than the other two species tested.
This document summarizes the litter decomposition process in coffee agroforestry systems. It discusses how decomposition is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors and involves complex chemical, physical, and biological processes. Decomposition acts as a natural fertilizer and plays an important role in nutrient cycling and maintaining productivity in agroforestry systems. The document reviews several studies on weight loss, decomposition rates, initial chemical composition, and nutrient release during decomposition. It concludes that more research is needed on decomposition and associated microflora and fauna in coffee agroforestry systems to better understand nutrient dynamics and develop models to describe short, medium, and long-term changes in soil nutrients.
1. The document discusses nitrogen mineralization from different plant residues. Nitrogen mineralization is the process where organic nitrogen in soil is converted to inorganic forms available to plants by soil microorganisms.
2. The chemical composition of plant residues, including nitrogen concentration, lignin and polyphenol content, and carbon to nitrogen ratio, influence whether and how quickly nitrogen is mineralized or immobilized during residue decomposition.
3. High quality residues with high nitrogen and low lignin and polyphenols mineralize nitrogen rapidly, while low quality residues like straw immobilize nitrogen for long periods. Intermediate quality residues initially immobilize then later release nitrogen.
Spent broiler litter from poultry reared on different litter materials (paddy husk, refused tea, or a mixture) was evaluated as organic fertilizer for radishes in a field experiment. Yields of radishes grown with spent litter were not significantly different than inorganic fertilizer. The type of litter also did not significantly affect yields. Soil bulk density was significantly lower with paddy husk or refused tea litter compared to the inorganic control, indicating spent litter improved soil properties. The study concluded that both paddy husk and refused tea based spent litter can be used as organic fertilizers for radishes.
The Harvard Yard Soils Restoration Project aimed to improve soil health without chemicals. A test plot was established and treated with compost, compost tea, and organic fertilizers. Root growth increased significantly compared to the control plot. Soil nitrogen levels and water needs improved. FMO staff were trained to sustain the program. Research opportunities were identified. The success led to expanding the organic program to more of Harvard Yard.
Harvard University has begun an organic landscaping program across 25 acres of its campus that uses compost and compost tea rather than pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. The results have been improved soil quality with deeper root systems and reduced need for irrigation. Inspired by these benefits, Harvard's president adopted the program for the presidential residence and hopes to expand organics to 80 acres of campus within two years. The program aims to promote sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions at Harvard.
The Rodale Institute developed a new compost recipe using amendments like clay, calcium, and humic acid to improve nutrient retention. In initial studies, the amended compost reduced nitrogen losses by up to 90% and phosphorus losses by up to 75% compared to standard compost. During a major rain event, the amended compost also lost less nutrients than standard compost or plain manure. The amendments accelerated the composting process while improving odor reduction and pathogen elimination. Further field tests will explore how the amended compost affects crop yields and nutrient leaching compared to other fertilizers.
This document provides guidance on sustainable turf care practices that reduce stress on turf and promote a healthy soil environment. Some key points:
- Maintaining healthy soil with beneficial microorganisms is important for turf health. Adding compost is recommended to support soil life and provide balanced, slow-release nutrients.
- Mature, nutrient-rich compost that has fully decomposed supports soil biology and suppresses diseases. It should be applied based on soil tests and turf nutrient needs.
- Proper nitrogen levels are important for vigor. Cool-season grasses are fertilized in spring/fall; warm-season grasses in late spring/summer. Cultural practices like aeration also reduce stress.
Vermicompost Quality as Influenced by Different Species of Earthworm and Bedd...x3G9
This research paper studied the effects of different bedding materials and earthworm species on vermicompost quality. Tea waste, weed biomass, and Eupatorium glandulosum mixed with cow dung were used as bedding materials. Eisenia foetida, Eudrillus euginea, and a local worm species were studied. The results showed that pH, organic carbon, and C:N ratio decreased over time in all treatments. The highest nitrogen content was in tea waste with Eisenia foetida. The highest phosphorus and potassium contents were in Eupatorium with the local worm. The local worm species multiplied faster than the other two species tested.
This document summarizes the litter decomposition process in coffee agroforestry systems. It discusses how decomposition is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors and involves complex chemical, physical, and biological processes. Decomposition acts as a natural fertilizer and plays an important role in nutrient cycling and maintaining productivity in agroforestry systems. The document reviews several studies on weight loss, decomposition rates, initial chemical composition, and nutrient release during decomposition. It concludes that more research is needed on decomposition and associated microflora and fauna in coffee agroforestry systems to better understand nutrient dynamics and develop models to describe short, medium, and long-term changes in soil nutrients.
1. The document discusses nitrogen mineralization from different plant residues. Nitrogen mineralization is the process where organic nitrogen in soil is converted to inorganic forms available to plants by soil microorganisms.
2. The chemical composition of plant residues, including nitrogen concentration, lignin and polyphenol content, and carbon to nitrogen ratio, influence whether and how quickly nitrogen is mineralized or immobilized during residue decomposition.
3. High quality residues with high nitrogen and low lignin and polyphenols mineralize nitrogen rapidly, while low quality residues like straw immobilize nitrogen for long periods. Intermediate quality residues initially immobilize then later release nitrogen.
Spent broiler litter from poultry reared on different litter materials (paddy husk, refused tea, or a mixture) was evaluated as organic fertilizer for radishes in a field experiment. Yields of radishes grown with spent litter were not significantly different than inorganic fertilizer. The type of litter also did not significantly affect yields. Soil bulk density was significantly lower with paddy husk or refused tea litter compared to the inorganic control, indicating spent litter improved soil properties. The study concluded that both paddy husk and refused tea based spent litter can be used as organic fertilizers for radishes.
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
B Sc Agri II Sc,Sf & Nm, U 1 Soil And Plant NutrientRai University
The three main mechanisms by which nutrients move from soil to plant roots are root interception, mass flow, and diffusion. Root interception occurs when nutrients physically contact root surfaces. Mass flow transports nutrients to roots through water movement in soil via transpiration or percolation. Diffusion moves nutrients along concentration gradients from high to low concentrations. Factors like soil water content, temperature, root system size, and concentration gradients influence these mechanisms of nutrient transport from soil to roots.
Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Different Cover Crops in Organic Farm S...Jianru Shi
This thesis studied the decomposition rates and nutrient release patterns of three common cover crops - white clover, red clover, and soybean. Litterbag experiments were conducted with cover crop samples incorporated into soil in both fall and spring at a Nebraska farm. The decomposition rates followed the order of white clover (spring) > red clover (spring) > white clover (fall) > red clover (fall) > soybean (fall). Most mass loss and nutrient changes occurred within the first 3 months. Cover crops incorporated in spring showed better synchrony with corn nitrogen uptake patterns compared to fall incorporation. Soil following red clover incorporation had higher nitrate levels after the growing season.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizer recommendationBharathM64
This document discusses different approaches for evaluating soil fertility and determining fertilizer recommendations, including soil analysis, plant analysis, and visual deficiency symptoms. It describes methods for both rapid tissue tests of fresh plant parts and total laboratory analysis of dried plant materials. Diagnosis and recommendations can be generalized, based on soil test ratings with adjustments, or use the soil test crop response and target yield concept to determine fertilizer doses needed to achieve specific yields.
Agricultural depletion of soil nutrient in arable landAlexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on the depletion of soil nutrients in agricultural land over time. The study analyzed soil samples from different arable areas in Bhopal, India twice over a one year period. The initial samples had higher concentrations of most nutrients measured compared to the later samples, indicating depletion occurred. Factors like soil pH, erosion, temperature fluctuations, and lack of organic carbon management can limit nutrient uptake by plants and availability over time. Integrated plant nutrient management that uses fertilizers, manures, and agronomic practices is recommended to sustain agricultural productivity and food supply.
Nanofertilizers are fertilizers synthesized using nanotechnology to improve their attributes and nutrient release properties. They can be synthesized through chemical, physical, or biological methods. Nanofertilizers exhibit controlled release of nutrients, higher nutrient uptake efficiency, and reduce nutrient losses compared to conventional fertilizers. Some examples discussed are zinc oxide nanoparticle fertilizers and urea-hydroxyapatite nanohybrid fertilizers. However, more research is still needed to fully understand their environmental impacts and toxicity.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
Indian agriculture feels the pain of fatigue of green revolution.
In the past 50 years, the fertilizer consumption exponentially increased from 0.5 (1960’s) to 24 million tonnes (2013) that commensurate with four-fold increase in food grain output (254 million tonnes) In order to achieve a target of 300 million tonnes of food grains and to feed the burgeoning population of 1.4 billion in 2025, the country will require 45 million tonnes of nutrients as against a current consumption level of 23 million tonnes. The sustainable agriculture and precision farming both are the urgent issues and hence the suitable agro-technological interventions are essential (e.g., nano and biotechnology) for ensuring the safety and sustainability of relevant production system.
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Reducing use of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation
and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Egypt. We found that intercropping legume
with cereal species in the same row can increase efficiency of photosynthetic process in legumes and
reduce mineral N fertilizer inputs in cereals. Hence, intercropping culture can maintain agro-ecosystem
without air, soil and water pollution.
Physio-Chemical Aspects for Assessing Agricultural Soil Fertility and Product...Ilika Kaushik
The document summarizes a study that analyzed soil samples from agricultural lands in Bharthani, India to assess soil fertility levels based on physicochemical properties. The samples were tested for pH, organic carbon, and phosphorus content. Results showed that most samples had very high pH levels, making the soil alkaline. Organic carbon levels were satisfactory. Phosphorus levels were found to be high or very high in most samples, indicating excessive phosphorus that could leach into water sources. The study concludes that soil fertility is impacted by high pH and phosphorus levels, and recommends practices like adding organic matter to improve conditions.
The document discusses an experiment that tests the growth of Zea mays (corn) plants using different nutrient solutions and light sources in a hydroponic system over 3-4 weeks. It outlines the materials, procedure, data collection, and observations. The results showed that the tallest average height was in the group grown under a plant light with a full nutrient solution, while the shortest was in the group grown under a plant light with a potassium-deficient solution.
Plant absorption of trace elements in sludge amended soils and correlation wi...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2009. Plant absorption of trace elements in sludge amended soils and correlation with soil chemical speciation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166: 1459–1465. ISSN: 0304-3894 doi: 10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2008.12.075.
This document is a thesis project examining innovative biological phosphate and anaerobic digestion technology for waste treatment, energy generation, and phosphorus recovery. It includes an abstract, introduction covering topics like sewage, current bioremediation methods, anaerobic digestion processes, low temperature anaerobic digestion, bioreactor configurations, and the global phosphorus crisis. It also outlines the materials and methods, expected results sections, and planned discussion. The introduction provides background on anaerobic digestion and examines its application to low-temperature wastewater treatment.
Siderophores are compounds from ancient Greek words, sidero ‘iron’ and phore ‘carriers’ meaning ‘iron carriers’. These are low-molecular-weight iron-chelating compounds, produced by ‘rhizospheric bacteria’ under iron-limited conditions. They are small, high affinity iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi etc. Siderophore usually form a stable hexahendate, octahedral complex with Fe3+.
notes on agriculture engineering notesssShobhaByadagi
1) The study evaluated the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth, nutrients, and yield of two dill cultivars (Balady and Dukat).
2) The results showed that Dukat cultivar generally performed better than Balady cultivar, with taller plants, more leaves, and higher nutrient levels.
3) The best fertilizer treatments were 100% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer, as they led to improved growth, nutrients, and antioxidant levels in both cultivars.
This document summarizes a study comparing the effects of natural and chemical fertilizers on plants and the environment. The study involved growing wheat crops in two fields, with one field using natural fertilizers like vermicompost and the other using chemical fertilizers like DAP and urea. Observations over 8 weeks found that plants grew faster with chemical fertilizers initially but that chemical fertilizers acidified the soil and reduced its fertility over time. In contrast, growth was slower with natural fertilizers but they maintained soil fertility levels. The conclusion was that farmers should minimize chemical fertilizer use and encourage natural alternatives to protect the environment and long-term soil health.
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
B Sc Agri II Sc,Sf & Nm, U 1 Soil And Plant NutrientRai University
The three main mechanisms by which nutrients move from soil to plant roots are root interception, mass flow, and diffusion. Root interception occurs when nutrients physically contact root surfaces. Mass flow transports nutrients to roots through water movement in soil via transpiration or percolation. Diffusion moves nutrients along concentration gradients from high to low concentrations. Factors like soil water content, temperature, root system size, and concentration gradients influence these mechanisms of nutrient transport from soil to roots.
Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Different Cover Crops in Organic Farm S...Jianru Shi
This thesis studied the decomposition rates and nutrient release patterns of three common cover crops - white clover, red clover, and soybean. Litterbag experiments were conducted with cover crop samples incorporated into soil in both fall and spring at a Nebraska farm. The decomposition rates followed the order of white clover (spring) > red clover (spring) > white clover (fall) > red clover (fall) > soybean (fall). Most mass loss and nutrient changes occurred within the first 3 months. Cover crops incorporated in spring showed better synchrony with corn nitrogen uptake patterns compared to fall incorporation. Soil following red clover incorporation had higher nitrate levels after the growing season.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizer recommendationBharathM64
This document discusses different approaches for evaluating soil fertility and determining fertilizer recommendations, including soil analysis, plant analysis, and visual deficiency symptoms. It describes methods for both rapid tissue tests of fresh plant parts and total laboratory analysis of dried plant materials. Diagnosis and recommendations can be generalized, based on soil test ratings with adjustments, or use the soil test crop response and target yield concept to determine fertilizer doses needed to achieve specific yields.
Agricultural depletion of soil nutrient in arable landAlexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on the depletion of soil nutrients in agricultural land over time. The study analyzed soil samples from different arable areas in Bhopal, India twice over a one year period. The initial samples had higher concentrations of most nutrients measured compared to the later samples, indicating depletion occurred. Factors like soil pH, erosion, temperature fluctuations, and lack of organic carbon management can limit nutrient uptake by plants and availability over time. Integrated plant nutrient management that uses fertilizers, manures, and agronomic practices is recommended to sustain agricultural productivity and food supply.
Nanofertilizers are fertilizers synthesized using nanotechnology to improve their attributes and nutrient release properties. They can be synthesized through chemical, physical, or biological methods. Nanofertilizers exhibit controlled release of nutrients, higher nutrient uptake efficiency, and reduce nutrient losses compared to conventional fertilizers. Some examples discussed are zinc oxide nanoparticle fertilizers and urea-hydroxyapatite nanohybrid fertilizers. However, more research is still needed to fully understand their environmental impacts and toxicity.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
Indian agriculture feels the pain of fatigue of green revolution.
In the past 50 years, the fertilizer consumption exponentially increased from 0.5 (1960’s) to 24 million tonnes (2013) that commensurate with four-fold increase in food grain output (254 million tonnes) In order to achieve a target of 300 million tonnes of food grains and to feed the burgeoning population of 1.4 billion in 2025, the country will require 45 million tonnes of nutrients as against a current consumption level of 23 million tonnes. The sustainable agriculture and precision farming both are the urgent issues and hence the suitable agro-technological interventions are essential (e.g., nano and biotechnology) for ensuring the safety and sustainability of relevant production system.
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Reducing use of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation
and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Egypt. We found that intercropping legume
with cereal species in the same row can increase efficiency of photosynthetic process in legumes and
reduce mineral N fertilizer inputs in cereals. Hence, intercropping culture can maintain agro-ecosystem
without air, soil and water pollution.
Physio-Chemical Aspects for Assessing Agricultural Soil Fertility and Product...Ilika Kaushik
The document summarizes a study that analyzed soil samples from agricultural lands in Bharthani, India to assess soil fertility levels based on physicochemical properties. The samples were tested for pH, organic carbon, and phosphorus content. Results showed that most samples had very high pH levels, making the soil alkaline. Organic carbon levels were satisfactory. Phosphorus levels were found to be high or very high in most samples, indicating excessive phosphorus that could leach into water sources. The study concludes that soil fertility is impacted by high pH and phosphorus levels, and recommends practices like adding organic matter to improve conditions.
The document discusses an experiment that tests the growth of Zea mays (corn) plants using different nutrient solutions and light sources in a hydroponic system over 3-4 weeks. It outlines the materials, procedure, data collection, and observations. The results showed that the tallest average height was in the group grown under a plant light with a full nutrient solution, while the shortest was in the group grown under a plant light with a potassium-deficient solution.
Plant absorption of trace elements in sludge amended soils and correlation wi...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2009. Plant absorption of trace elements in sludge amended soils and correlation with soil chemical speciation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166: 1459–1465. ISSN: 0304-3894 doi: 10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2008.12.075.
This document is a thesis project examining innovative biological phosphate and anaerobic digestion technology for waste treatment, energy generation, and phosphorus recovery. It includes an abstract, introduction covering topics like sewage, current bioremediation methods, anaerobic digestion processes, low temperature anaerobic digestion, bioreactor configurations, and the global phosphorus crisis. It also outlines the materials and methods, expected results sections, and planned discussion. The introduction provides background on anaerobic digestion and examines its application to low-temperature wastewater treatment.
Siderophores are compounds from ancient Greek words, sidero ‘iron’ and phore ‘carriers’ meaning ‘iron carriers’. These are low-molecular-weight iron-chelating compounds, produced by ‘rhizospheric bacteria’ under iron-limited conditions. They are small, high affinity iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi etc. Siderophore usually form a stable hexahendate, octahedral complex with Fe3+.
notes on agriculture engineering notesssShobhaByadagi
1) The study evaluated the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth, nutrients, and yield of two dill cultivars (Balady and Dukat).
2) The results showed that Dukat cultivar generally performed better than Balady cultivar, with taller plants, more leaves, and higher nutrient levels.
3) The best fertilizer treatments were 100% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer, as they led to improved growth, nutrients, and antioxidant levels in both cultivars.
This document summarizes a study comparing the effects of natural and chemical fertilizers on plants and the environment. The study involved growing wheat crops in two fields, with one field using natural fertilizers like vermicompost and the other using chemical fertilizers like DAP and urea. Observations over 8 weeks found that plants grew faster with chemical fertilizers initially but that chemical fertilizers acidified the soil and reduced its fertility over time. In contrast, growth was slower with natural fertilizers but they maintained soil fertility levels. The conclusion was that farmers should minimize chemical fertilizer use and encourage natural alternatives to protect the environment and long-term soil health.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Inorganic and Organic Constituents and Contaminants of Biosolids: Implication...Umair Riaz
This chapter discusses the inorganic and organic constituents and contaminants found in biosolids, which are byproducts of sewage treatment. Biosolids are composed of approximately 50% organic matter and 50% inorganic material. The organic fraction includes partially decomposed human waste and bacterial biomass, while the inorganic portion contains materials like soil, sediment, and silica. Biosolids can contain heavy metals like copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, and arsenic as well as synthetic organic compounds. When biosolids are applied to agricultural lands, the heavy metals are typically immobile in soils, though small amounts may leach with soluble organic matter or accumulate in plants. Both heavy metals and organic contaminants
“Development of Organic Fertilizer Products and Systems to Improve Soil Ferti...ShynneGabinete
This document summarizes research conducted on developing organic fertilizer products and nutrient management systems to support organic vegetable production in Benguet, Philippines. Liquid and solid organic fertilizers were formulated using locally available materials like legume seeds, chicken manure, sawdust, and compost. These fertilizers were tested on cabbage grown on farms converting to organic production. Lower yields were initially observed during conversion but after three years, yields increased and were comparable to conventional farms. The most effective nutrient management system applied Trichoderma before planting and split applications of solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer during growth periods. This system provided essential nutrients during critical stages, resulting in higher yields during conversion to organic practices.
Enhancing Productivity and Livelihoods among Smallholders Irrigations through...Jenkins Macedo
This field research was presented at the 2015 3rd Global Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpelier, France on March 18, 2015.
Climate change and climate variability pose significant risks to smallholders in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR. Increased surface temperatures, declining rainfall, persistent drought and depletion of soil nutrients all serve to impact agricultural productivity and livelihoods. This study investigates the impact of five treatments on soil nutrients, moisture, plant growth, and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The treatments tested were rice husk biochar only, biochar inoculated with manure, manure tea, inorganic fertilizer and the control. The costs and benefits of the treatments were also assessed. The randomized complete block design was used to assign five treatments and eight replications to the experimental units. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis. Soil physical properties were assessed with the visual soil assessment method and 15-randomized soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. Sprinklers were used for irrigation and a weather station installed to monitor the climate. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Costs-benefits evaluation of the treatments was conducted to determine the net benefits relative to the initial costs ratio. The analysis of variance of mean yield indicates that the difference in yield among the treatments was highly significant. The computed F value (8.28) was higher than the F critical (2.64) at the 5% level of significance. The calculated coefficient of variance of mean yield was 17.33%. The net benefits to initial costs ratio of treatments suggest that the control (4.11), biochar inoculated with manure plus NPK (1.64), and biochar plus manure tea (1.01) are preferred. The net benefits and initial costs evaluation of treatments is important to assess whether utilizing these treatments would impact smallholders’ livelihoods. The results of this study contribute to the evidence that biochar could play an essential role to mitigate climate change risks by enhancing soil quality and increase agricultural productivity.
Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metalsswayam prakas nanda
The document discusses the potential use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microorganisms to remove contaminants from the environment. It is a natural, low-cost process to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Ornamental plants could accumulate heavy metals through their roots and leaves, converting contaminated land into landscapes while preventing metal entry into the food chain. Factors like plant species selection and soil properties influence metal uptake. Phytoremediation provides economic and environmental benefits but also has limitations from contaminant leaching and plant disposal.
This study aimed to determine the effect of different organic fertilizers (fish fertilizer and fermented fruit juice) and commercial fertilizer on the growth and yield of bell peppers. The researchers measured the plant height, number of leaves, and mass of yield of bell pepper plants treated with the different fertilizers. The organic fertilizers were prepared by fermenting fish waste or mixtures of banana, papaya, and squash for two weeks before application. The results showed that the fish fertilizer treatment produced taller plants with more leaves compared to the other organic treatment. The fish fertilizer treatment also had similar mass of yield as the commercial fertilizer treatment. Therefore, the researchers concluded that fish fertilizer could be a substitute for commercial fertilizer
Ssac 353 mechanism of nutrient transportDrAnandJadhav
The document discusses mechanisms of nutrient transport from soil to plants including mass flow, diffusion, and root interception. It describes factors that affect nutrient availability to plants such as soil texture, structure, reaction, temperature, moisture, air composition, available and total nutrient content, microbial activity, and organic matter. Finally, it provides measures to overcome nutrient deficiencies and toxicities including maintaining soil physical properties, soil testing, irrigation water testing, organic matter application, and use of micronutrients and multi-nutrient fertilizers.
This document discusses organic fertilization and soil fertility management. It begins by comparing conventional and organic plant nutrition approaches, noting that organic systems use long-term solutions and ecological cycles rather than short-term reactive applications. It then discusses organic fertilizers and amendments like manures, cover crops, and composts. The advantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizers are outlined. The rest of the document covers topics like soil organic matter, nutrient cycling, plant nutrient needs, monitoring plant nutrition, and nutrient sources for organic systems.
Effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on growth and yi...Premier Publishers
The experiment was implemented during the autumn season 2013, to study the effect of three methods of irrigation and fertilization on the development and yield of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Rivera. Two methods of drip irrigation (putting the pipe at the bottom and at the top of furrows) and furrow irrigation with three types of fertilizers (chemical fertilizer at rate of 300 kg urea, 180 kg superphosphate triple, 240 kg potassium sulphate per hectare) and organic fertilizer at 30 kg.100 m2 -1 with half amount of the chemical fertilizers mentioned. The organic fertilizers were added in two ways: by scattering dry fertilizer and irrigation with fertilizer solution near plant roots. Results showed that the highest total water content of leaves was 86.665%, leaf area 2285 cm2, roots dry weight 13.60 g., average tuber weight 69.56 g., and the percentage of dry matter in tubers 19.26% was produced from applying organic fertilizer by irrigation, whereas the highest total tubers yield was 16.345 tons.ha-1 and water use efficiency 9.855 kg. ha-1 resulted from organic fertilizer by scattering method, also the treatment of drip irrigation by putting the pipe at the top of the furrows was superior in all studied parameters except the average tuber weight and total soluble solids compared with the other two treatments.
To evaluate the effect of humic acid fertilizer on potato tubers in 2010, trials were conducted in the Province of Iran. The experiment was conducted on a split plot with randomized complete block design having three replications. Main plots consisted of four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2, 3 times) solution in water irrigation and sub-factor consisted of three varieties of potato (Marfona, Satina, and Born). During planting the application of humic acid at the rate of nine liters per hectare per load at the beginning and start of creating tuber formation respectively were done. Analysis of variance showed that the smallest and largest tuber weight, number of tubers per plant and yield per plant were not significant. Effect of humic acid on the smallest mean tumor weight at 1% and the number of tubers and yield per plant showed significant difference at 5% level. The largest tuber weight was also not significantly different. Interaction of humic acid fertilizer in any of the measured parameters showed no significant difference in potatoes. Comparison by Duncan test showed that the application of humic acid in all the three stages of growth had shown great impact on tuber weight. The highest number of tubers per plant has been associated with the use of humic acid (27 l/ha). The number of tubers per hectare with the application of 18 litres of humic acid showed no significant difference. The amount of humic acid applied were 18 and 27 litres per hectare, and increased performance is in the range of 13 and 29% respectively.
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
This document summarizes a study that prepared different types of compost by mixing water lettuce plants, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms, and urea. Four treatments were tested: 1) water lettuce plants alone, 2) water lettuce plants mixed with rock phosphate, 3) treatment 2 plus effective microorganisms, and 4) treatment 3 plus urea. The compost was analyzed after 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Treatment 4 produced compost with the highest total and available phosphorus and stabilized carbon to nitrogen ratio, making it a viable option for producing phosphorus-enriched compost. Inoculation with effective microorganisms increased several nutrient levels. Overall, mixing rock phosphate with plants
mechanism of nutrient transport and its basics .pptxjntuhcej
This document discusses nutrient uptake by plants from soil. It begins by outlining three mechanisms of nutrient transport from soil to roots: mass flow, diffusion, and root interception. It then discusses factors that affect nutrient availability to plants from soil, including soil texture, structure, reaction, temperature, moisture, air composition, available and total nutrient content, microbial activity, and organic matter. Finally, it discusses measures that can be taken to overcome nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in plants, such as maintaining soil physical properties, using soil tests to guide fertilizer use, testing irrigation water, applying organic manures, and using micronutrients based on deficiency symptoms.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of foliar application of seaweed extracts from Ulva fasciata on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seaweed extracts were prepared at concentrations of 0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% and applied as a foliar spray to wheat crops at three stages of growth. Results showed that application of a 2.5% seaweed extract concentration led to increased growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and seed germination compared to the control. Higher concentrations did not further increase yields and some parameters were lower than the control at the highest concentration. Therefore, foliar application of seaweed extracts has potential to enhance wheat yields when applied at
The document discusses the risks and negative effects of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. It notes that while agrochemicals have increased crop production, their overuse and misuse can harm the environment, human health, and ecosystems in several ways. Specifically, excess fertilizers can damage soils and water sources through eutrophication, while pesticides pose risks like acute poisonings, cancer, and contaminating food and water supplies. The document examines these impacts in more depth through several examples and studies. In summary, the document outlines both the benefits of agrochemicals for agriculture but also their potential environmental and health costs if not used judiciously.
This project summary describes Jacob D. Seabury's science fair project that tested the effects of using recycled coffee grounds in organic gardening. The project had three tests that evaluated how different ratios of coffee grounds to soil impacted the growth of seven types of plants. The results showed that a 1:3 ratio of coffee to soil produced optimal growth for most plants, while grasses grew best with a 1:1 ratio. Plant biomass increased between 15-280% when using coffee grounds. The project concluded that recycling coffee grounds into gardens provides nutrients to help plants grow while reducing waste and need for manufactured fertilizers.
This project summary describes Jacob D. Seabury's science fair project that tested the effects of using recycled coffee grounds in organic gardening. The project had three tests that evaluated how different ratios of coffee grounds to soil impacted the growth of seven types of plants. The results showed that a 1:3 ratio of coffee to soil produced optimal growth for most plants, while grasses grew best with a 1:1 ratio. Plant biomass increased between 15-280% when using coffee grounds. The project concluded that recycling coffee grounds into gardens provides nutrients to help plants grow while reducing waste and need for manufactured fertilizers.
Similar to Harvard yard soils restoration project summary report - 2-25-09 (20)
Harvard Transportation Case Study: Developing a Regional Bike Sharing ProgramHarvard Campus Services
Harvard is developing a regional bike sharing program called Hubway to promote sustainable transportation. The program aims to expand bike infrastructure and reduce car trips through a network of solar-powered docking stations across Boston and nearby municipalities. Users can access bikes through a membership and take trips up to 30 minutes for free. The goals are to grow the system to over 400 stations and 5000 bikes to encourage cycling as mainstream transportation.
Tutorial: Getting Started Developing Profiles and Rosters in The SystemHarvard Campus Services
This document provides instructions for using a training management system. It outlines 5 steps to set up profiles and rosters:
1. Complete the lab profile by selecting common hazards. Each hazard links to training class assignments.
2. Create an individual profile for the principal investigator (PI) with contact details and a customized training plan.
3. Build the lab roster by adding personnel individually or uploading a spreadsheet. Personnel can be searched for and added.
4. Update the PI information tab with additional details about the PI.
5. Review the authorized users tab and make any needed changes to access permissions.
The document explains how to navigate between tabs and interfaces and provides screenshots to illustrate steps
This document provides a tutorial on ongoing maintenance for training managers, outlining how to update training rosters by adding or deleting personnel, uploading spreadsheet data, and viewing individual training profiles; it also describes how changes made to the lab profile tab will impact assigned training. Key functions covered include using the directory lookup to add people, checking hazard boxes to assign classes, and opening separate windows for profiles and spreadsheets.
The document summarizes a presentation given by John W. Nolan on developing a regional bike sharing program in the Boston area. The key points are:
1) The program aims to expand transportation choices and reduce car travel/emissions while promoting cycling. It will include 400 stations and 5000 bikes across Boston and nearby cities.
2) Stations are mobile, solar-powered platforms that are easy to install. Bikes are designed for everyday use and have anti-theft features. Users can take 30-minute trips for free after paying an initial fee.
3) Implementing the program requires funding bike purchases and operations, building bike lanes, and developing agreements between municipalities, sponsors, and vendors. The
The document repeatedly states "Campus Services, The Backbone of Commencement" and thanks Campus Services employees for making Commencement a success, suggesting the document is praising Campus Services for their essential role in the university's commencement ceremonies.
- Lisa Hogarty, Vice President for Campus Services, presented on efforts to realign Campus Services departments to improve services and reduce costs.
- Feedback was gathered from over 50 clients who noted that some units focus more on costs than service and services can be hard to access.
- The realignment will consolidate common business functions into shared service models and leverage technology to simplify processes and the customer experience.
- Business process redesign teams will identify areas for improvement and changes will be piloted before rolling out to main client groups. The goals are to reduce overhead costs while maintaining or improving service levels.
University Operations Services (UOS) is a leader in sustainability. The nature of our programs and services allows us a unique opportunity to improve the environment, and it’s something we are deeply committed to doing.
Recently Harvard pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 30% by 2016. Meeting this aggressive goal will require the collective efforts of all students, faculty, and staff including UOS. We will continue to improve the efficiency of our operations, develop innovative solutions for reducing GHG emissions, and engage the Harvard community on environmental issues.
We’re also working closely with the newly created Office for Sustainability; an organization born from the Harvard Green Campus Initiative which for nearly a decade was an integral part of UOS.
El documento proporciona una visión general de la capacitación requerida sobre el Plan de Control para la Prevención de Derrames (SPCC) en Harvard. Explica los objetivos de la capacitación en SPCC, las regulaciones aplicables, los procedimientos para prevenir derrames y responder a ellos, las funciones y responsabilidades del personal, y los recursos disponibles.
The document provides an overview of SPCC (Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure) training goals and requirements at Harvard University. It summarizes Harvard's SPCC plans, spill prevention procedures, roles and responsibilities, and spill response protocols. Facilities are required to inspect oil storage containers monthly and maintain accurate inventories. Personnel must receive SPCC training if handling oil. Incidental spills are cleaned immediately while non-incidental spills over 10 gallons must be reported to the Operations Center.
TDM and Transportation Infrastructure: An Essential Part of Any Master PlanHarvard Campus Services
TDM and Transportation Infrastructure: An Essential Part of Any Master Plan,” by Director of Transportation Services, John Nolan. Presented at the Meeting of the Minds conference at the University of Rochester, July, 2008.
26. Program Costs and Investments
Costs for the Pilot totaled ~ $40K
and included consulting and staff
training, contracted labor for initial
applications of compost, and lab
analysis.
An initial investment of ~$45K for
equipment to support the FMO
organic programs going forward,
includes: compost tea brewers, and
creation of soil composting facility
at the Arnold Arboretum.
At maturity however, total operating Eric T. Fleisher and Wayne Carbone (Manager
FMO Landscape Services) show off the new
costs of our organic maintenance Compost Tea Brewer in Harvard Yard.
programs are expected to be the
same as our conventionally-based
programs.
28. Public Education Outreach
In May 2008, a public information kiosk was installed adjacent to Test Plot that displayed
information about organic soils management as well as specific project objectives.
40. Additional Resources
There is strong interest in sustainable landscapes at
Harvard and elsewhere. The following sites offer more
information on holistic management techniques and
maintaining proper soil conditions:
www.bpcparks.org
www.soilfoodweb.com
www.umassvegetable.org
www.soils.usda.gov
www.sustainablestudies.org
The new FMO Organic Landscaping page is also attracting
a lot of attention. Check it out at:
www.organiclandscaping.uos.harvard.edu