This document outlines the key objectives and topics of a course on antennas and microwave systems. The objectives are to understand basic design principles of antennas and microwave systems, enhance knowledge of various antenna designs and microwave components, and apply knowledge to practical applications. The course will cover topics such as antenna parameters, link budgets, designing different types of antennas and microwave systems given specifications. The first unit introduces fundamental concepts of microwave systems and antennas including near and far-field regions, radiation patterns, gain, impedance matching and the Friis transmission equation.

2.  To enable the student to understand the
basic principles in antenna and microwave
system design
 To enhance the student knowledge in the
area of various antenna designs
 To enhance the student knowledge in the
area of microwave components and
antenna for practical applications

3.  Apply the basic principles and evaluate
antenna parameters and link power budgets
 Design and assess the performance of various
antennas
 Design a microwave system given the
application specifications

4. UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE SYSTEMS AND
ANTENNAS
Microwave frequency bands, Physical concept of radiation,
Near- and far-field regions, Fields and Power Radiated by an
Antenna, Antenna Pattern Characteristics, Antenna Gain and
Efficiency, Aperture Efficiency and Effective Area, Antenna Noise
Temperature and G/T, Impedance matching, Friis transmission
equation, Link budget and link margin, Noise Characterization
of a microwave receiver

5.  Field
-A space or Area
a) Near field
b) Far field
But based on..?
Eg: Magnet

6.  2D2/Wavelength
 Effect of the field may vary based on the
distance – actually a controversy

7.  Reactive Near Field
 Radiative Near Field (Fresnel)

8.  How to calculate the Field radiated by an
antenna?
Its by using Maxwell’s equation

9.  The approximate field radiated by an antenna
is given by
Where,
E – Electric Field
K – Propagation Constant
r,Ɵ,ɸ - coordinate variables

10. • An area parameter
• Useful for speaking about coverage
• Ae = W/P
• Also known as Effective area or Capture area

11.  To define the volume of the antenna
 Distance oriented
 Ratio of open circuit voltage to incident E-
field
 How to effectively use this?

12.  Flow of waves
 Gives the direction of E field alignment for
one full cycle
 Classified as Linear and Non-linear

13.  Linear polarization can be horizontal or
vertical
 Horizontal – perpendicular to the
independent axis

14.  Vertical – parallel to the independent axis

15.  Non-linear – circular or Elliptical
 2 orthogonal waves

16.  Describes the structure of an ellipse
 Relates the two axes