The document discusses earthquake resistant structures and techniques. It provides an introduction and table of contents on the topic. Key points include how seismic effects like inertia forces impact structures, how architectural features affect buildings during earthquakes, and seismic design philosophies like allowing minor damage in minor quakes but preventing collapse in major quakes. Techniques discussed are use of shear walls, vertical reinforcement, base isolation, energy dissipation devices, and designs to keep buildings upright during shaking.

1. Earthquake resistant structures
Ajay Bhartiya
Enroll no.- 00125503415
Semester - VI

2. Table of contents
 Introduction
 What are the seismic effects on structure?
 How architectural features affects buildings during earthquake?
 How structures twist during earthquake?
 Seismic design philosophy
 Shear walls
 Vertical reinforcement
 Earthquake resisting techniques
 conclusion

3. Introduction

4. What are the Seismic Effects on Structures?
• Inertia Forces in Structures • Horizontal and Vertical shaking

5. How Architectural Features affect Buildings during
Earthquakes?

6. SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR BUILDINGS
(a) Under minor but frequent shaking, the main members of the building that carry
vertical and horizontal forces should not be damaged; however building parts that
do not carry load may sustain repairable damage.
(b) Under moderate but occasional shaking, the main members may sustain
repairable damage, while the other parts of the building may be damaged such that
they may even have to be replaced after the earthquake; and
(c) Under strong but rare shaking, the main members may sustain severe (even
irreparable) damage, but the building should not collapse.

7. Shear walls
• Vertically oriented wide beams
• It carries seismic loads down to the bottom of
foundation
• Provides large strength and stiffness to buildings
• They generally varies from 150mm to 400mm in
high rise buildings

8. Vertical reinforcement

9. Horizontal bands

10. Earthquake resisting structures techniques
• Base isolation method
• Energy dissipation method (seismic dampers)
• Keeping building upright

11. Base isolation method
• Introduces flexibility to the structures.
• Building is rested on flexible pads (base
isolators).
• When earthquake strikes the building does
not move.
• It is suitable for hard soil only.

12. Energy dissipation devices
• seismic dampers are used in place of
structural elements, such as diagonal braces.
• These dampers act like the hydraulic shock
absorbers in cars.
• When seismic energy is transmitted through
them, dampers absorb part of it, and thus
damp the motion of the building.

13. Keeping building upright
• When earthquake strikes the system
dissipates energy in the building cores
and exteriors
• The frames are free to rock up and
down within fittings fixed at their
bases

14. Conclusion