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amzyThe earth's surface is constantly changing due to the movement of tectonic plates. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart over millions of years. There are 15 tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust, which can cause earthquakes when plates scrape together or form volcanoes when they crash into each other. Our understanding of the dynamic processes that shape the earth's surface continues to evolve.
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The Universe
The universe contains millions of galaxies formed of thousands of millions of stars, planets, and other objects. Our solar system is made up of the sun and everything that orbits it, including planets, satellites, and other bodies. The document then describes key details about the Earth, including its three layers of geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It also notes that the moon is Earth's only satellite, which we see in different lunar phases and which causes eclipses and tides.
Super Continents
Supercontinents are landmasses formed when continents collide and merge together. Some of the earliest proposed supercontinents include Vaalbara 3.5 billion years ago, Ur 3 billion years ago, and Kenorland 2.7 billion years ago. Later supercontinents included Columbia/Nuna/Hudsonland 1.8 billion years ago, Rodinia between 1.1-0.75 billion years ago, and Pannotia 750 million years ago. The most well known supercontinent, Pangaea, formed 300 million years ago before breaking apart. Scientists predict that in around 100 million years, a new supercontinent called Amasia will form when Asia collides with North America and other continents.
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The Solar System
The Solar System consists of the Sun and planets that orbit it. A planet is a large celestial body that orbits a star. The planets formed around 5 billion years ago from dust and gases swirling around the young Sun. Earth formed as dust and gases collided in the heat and hardened into a ball of rock. Planets orbit the Sun due to the Sun's strong gravitational pull. Earth's distance from the Sun of 150 million kilometers means water can exist as a liquid, allowing life to develop.
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The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics and the existence of the supercontinent Pangaea. It describes how early scientists noticed that continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. It then discusses how Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift and Pangaea in the early 1900s, but his colleagues rejected it due to a lack of evidence. Finally, it outlines how the theory of plate tectonics was developed in the 1960s based on findings of sea floor spreading and magnetic stripes on the ocean floor.
Pangea
The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It explains that Wegener noticed that fossils found in South America were identical to those found in Africa and proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea. The theory described the continents gradually drifting apart over millions of years due to plate tectonics.
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The universe contains millions of galaxies formed of thousands of millions of stars, planets, and other objects. Our solar system is made up of the sun and everything that orbits it, including planets, satellites, and other bodies. The document then describes key details about the Earth, including its three layers of geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It also notes that the moon is Earth's only satellite, which we see in different lunar phases and which causes eclipses and tides.
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The Solar System consists of the Sun and planets that orbit it. A planet is a large celestial body that orbits a star. The planets formed around 5 billion years ago from dust and gases swirling around the young Sun. Earth formed as dust and gases collided in the heat and hardened into a ball of rock. Planets orbit the Sun due to the Sun's strong gravitational pull. Earth's distance from the Sun of 150 million kilometers means water can exist as a liquid, allowing life to develop.
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The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics and the existence of the supercontinent Pangaea. It describes how early scientists noticed that continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. It then discusses how Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift and Pangaea in the early 1900s, but his colleagues rejected it due to a lack of evidence. Finally, it outlines how the theory of plate tectonics was developed in the 1960s based on findings of sea floor spreading and magnetic stripes on the ocean floor.
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The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It explains that Wegener noticed that fossils found in South America were identical to those found in Africa and proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea. The theory described the continents gradually drifting apart over millions of years due to plate tectonics.
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1) The Atlantic Land Bridge between Africa and South America was thought to explain shared species like monkeys and ostriches, but zoological evidence shows the species are unrelated and the land bridge is unlikely.
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Glossopteris fossils provide evidence that continents like Africa, Australia, India and Antarctica were once connected. The large seeds of Glossopteris could not have been dispersed vast ocean distances by wind or water. Similarly, Mesosaurus fossils found in South America, Africa and Antarctica indicate these continents were once joined, as these reptiles could not have swam between continents. Reconstructing Pangaea relies on clues from fossil matches between continents and the matching edges of continental plates.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of Pangaea from 1910, which proposed that all the continents were originally joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. It describes how Pangaea broke apart over millions of years, drifting the continents to their current locations. Fossil, geological, and geographical evidence from matching coastlines, mountain ranges, and glacial deposits on different continents supported the theory that they were once joined.
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Pangaea USE
1) Alfred Wegener was a German scientist who, in 1912, proposed the theory of continental drift which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2) Wegener developed this theory after studying fossil records from South America and Africa and finding that some fossils were identical, suggesting the continents were once attached.
3) He proposed that around 200 million years ago, the continents of Pangaea began to separate and drift to their current locations due to plate tectonics.
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Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, which stated that approximately 250 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents gradually drifted apart to their current locations. The key evidence for continental drift included the matching coastline shapes of continents, the presence of matching fossil distributions on different continents, identical rock patterns found across continents, and evidence of past shared climates from fossil evidence.
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According to the continental drift hypothesis, the continents have slowly moved over time to their current positions. Alfred Wegener first proposed this theory in 1912. Seafloor spreading provided insight into the mechanism of plate tectonics, with magma pushing the plates apart at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones pulling them under. About 225 million years ago, nearly all land was part of the supercontinent Pangaea, which has since broken apart, forming the continents in their current positions.
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The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912 and plate tectonic theory. Continental drift proposed that continents moved and were once joined, explaining geological matches between distant coastlines. However, it did not explain how or why continents moved. Plate tectonic theory improved on this by proposing that the lithosphere is divided into plates which float on the asthenosphere, allowing continents to move by explaining how they drift due to the movement of tectonic plates.
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2.1 continental drift
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Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1910, which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support this theory: geological formations of continents matched together, matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents, and evidence that glaciers had extended farther than current climates would allow indicating continents had moved. While initially rejected, Wegener's theory helped establish the modern theory of plate tectonics.
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Theory+of+continental+drift
This document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Wegener noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. He gathered evidence from matching landforms, identical fossil distributions, and past climate patterns on separated continents to support his hypothesis of continental movement. While his theory was initially rejected due to lacking an explanation for the driving mechanism of drift, Wegener's extensive evidence helped revive consideration of plate tectonics and continental drift.
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The document discusses three theories of ancient land bridges that were proposed to explain similarities between species on different continents:
1) The Atlantic Land Bridge between Africa and South America was thought to explain shared species like monkeys and ostriches, but zoological evidence shows the species are unrelated and the land bridge is unlikely.
2) Lemuria was proposed to explain lemurs in Madagascar and lorises in India, but lemurs and lorises are unrelated and fossil evidence shows their ancestors lived elsewhere.
3) The Antarctica Land Bridge between Australia and South America was suggested for marsupials and frogs, but there is no fossil or living evidence of these species in intervening areas, so this land
Continental Drift Theory-Abhinav gupta
The document discusses evidence that supports the theory of continental drift and the existence in the past of the supercontinent Pangaea. It provides examples of matching geological formations and fossil records found across continents now separated by oceans, including similar coal deposits in Antarctica, North America and the UK from the Carboniferous period; glacial striations matching between Brazil and West Africa; and the reptile Mesosaurus fossilized in sediments in South America and South Africa dated to around 280 million years ago. It also describes how Jack Oliver's 1968 research paper provided further evidence that finally convinced the scientific community to accept continental drift.
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Earthquakes occur when energy is rapidly released due to movement along faults in the Earth's crust. Fossils found across different continents provide evidence that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, which has since broken apart due to continental drift. The theory of continental drift was initially proposed in the early 20th century but was rejected due to the lack of a proposed driving mechanism until the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
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Glossopteris fossils provide evidence that continents like Africa, Australia, India and Antarctica were once connected. The large seeds of Glossopteris could not have been dispersed vast ocean distances by wind or water. Similarly, Mesosaurus fossils found in South America, Africa and Antarctica indicate these continents were once joined, as these reptiles could not have swam between continents. Reconstructing Pangaea relies on clues from fossil matches between continents and the matching edges of continental plates.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of Pangaea from 1910, which proposed that all the continents were originally joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. It describes how Pangaea broke apart over millions of years, drifting the continents to their current locations. Fossil, geological, and geographical evidence from matching coastlines, mountain ranges, and glacial deposits on different continents supported the theory that they were once joined.
Continental drift
The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from the early 1900s. Wegener found evidence that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass, called Pangaea, before drifting apart to their current locations. He provided several lines of evidence including matching fossil records, mountain ranges, and glacial deposits found on different continents. While controversial at the time, his theory of continental drift is now supported by modern plate tectonics.
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The document summarizes key concepts in geography including:
- Stars are celestial bodies that produce their own light, while planets and satellites orbit stars and planets respectively.
- The Earth is spherical and can be represented as a globe. It rotates on its axis and orbits the sun, causing seasons.
- The Earth has internal layers like the core and mantle, and external layers like the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
- Other geographic features discussed include continents, islands, plains, plateaus, mountains, beaches, capes, gulfs, and peninsulas. The document provides examples of the Himalayas mountain range and Everest peak.
Pangaea USE
1) Alfred Wegener was a German scientist who, in 1912, proposed the theory of continental drift which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2) Wegener developed this theory after studying fossil records from South America and Africa and finding that some fossils were identical, suggesting the continents were once attached.
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Continental drift pp
Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, which stated that approximately 250 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents gradually drifted apart to their current locations. The key evidence for continental drift included the matching coastline shapes of continents, the presence of matching fossil distributions on different continents, identical rock patterns found across continents, and evidence of past shared climates from fossil evidence.
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According to the continental drift hypothesis, the continents have slowly moved over time to their current positions. Alfred Wegener first proposed this theory in 1912. Seafloor spreading provided insight into the mechanism of plate tectonics, with magma pushing the plates apart at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones pulling them under. About 225 million years ago, nearly all land was part of the supercontinent Pangaea, which has since broken apart, forming the continents in their current positions.
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The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912 and plate tectonic theory. Continental drift proposed that continents moved and were once joined, explaining geological matches between distant coastlines. However, it did not explain how or why continents moved. Plate tectonic theory improved on this by proposing that the lithosphere is divided into plates which float on the asthenosphere, allowing continents to move by explaining how they drift due to the movement of tectonic plates.
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This document discusses the theory of continental drift, including its origins and evidence that supports it. [1] Abraham Ortelius first hypothesized in 1596 that continents drift due to earthquakes and floods. [2] Alfred Wegener formally proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, suggesting continents were once joined together before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations. [3] Fossil, rock, and glacial evidence from different continents provides support, such as similar plant and animal fossils in South America, Africa, and Antarctica.
2.1 continental drift
This document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence for the theory of continental drift. It identifies the four key pieces of evidence: 1) Continental puzzles - shorelines of continents fit together; 2) Fossil evidence - matching fossils found on separated continents; 3) Geologic evidence - matching rock types and mountain chains found on separated continents; 4) Climatic evidence - glacial debris and plant/animal fossils found in climates unsuitable for their growth/survival, indicating continents have moved over time. Students are assigned an activity to create a propaganda poster justifying continental drift theory using these four pieces of evidence.
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The document summarizes the theory of supercontinent cycles, where the Earth's continents periodically assemble into a single landmass called a supercontinent and then break apart over hundreds of millions of years. It describes how Pangaea formed approximately 300 million years ago before breaking apart, and how earlier supercontinents like Rodinia and Columbia also existed. It explains that the movement of tectonic plates will likely cause the continents to reconverge into a new supercontinent in about 200 million years. This cyclical assembly and breakup of supercontinents over billions of years has shaped the Earth's geography and geology.
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1910, which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support this theory: geological formations of continents matched together, matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents, and evidence that glaciers had extended farther than current climates would allow indicating continents had moved. While initially rejected, Wegener's theory helped establish the modern theory of plate tectonics.
Continental drift theory and seafloor spreading
The document discusses continental drift theory and seafloor spreading. Continental drift theory states that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Evidence for this includes matching fossil and rock formations, as well as coal deposits. Seafloor spreading theory developed by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposes that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as the continents separate. Evidence includes the age of ocean rocks decreasing with distance from ridges and magnetic reversals in ocean crust.
Theory+of+continental+drift
This document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Wegener noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. He gathered evidence from matching landforms, identical fossil distributions, and past climate patterns on separated continents to support his hypothesis of continental movement. While his theory was initially rejected due to lacking an explanation for the driving mechanism of drift, Wegener's extensive evidence helped revive consideration of plate tectonics and continental drift.
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香港六合彩
给我上。只听某人一声令下，战局又重开了，不过这次是一边倒的居室了，薄薄的竹片这是在齐希冽的手中也变成了锐利的武器，瞬间就倒下去了三两个，虽然不是第一次看到死人的场面，但是这样血腥的场景还是让我觉得想吐。不过这次的齐希冽打起来凶狠了很多。
打斗时的血迹溅到了我的脸上，让我不禁一惊。看着自己的同伴一个个死的面前，抓住我的那个人已经有点心慌了，架在我脖子上刀在不停的抖阿抖得，吓得我不清，一不小心，我的脖子就不保了。果然，马上就只觉得脖子上一阵刺痛，然后就觉得有粘稠的液体在往下流，突然觉得头晕晕的。
别动。那个人把刀挪了挪，低声喝道。
齐希冽发觉情况似乎有点不对，好像有些慌了，剑法已经有点混乱了，真怕香港六合彩会不敌剩下的那俩个人。
眼看着香港六合彩就要倒下了，突然凌空出现了一个青色的身影，手中的长剑舞的异常流畅，身后的那个家伙竟然连哼都没哼一下就倒下了，听到异样的动静，齐希冽竟面露喜色，似乎已经知道了赖者的身份，原本迟钝的动作又变灵活了。不出十秒钟，完全解决。看着最后一个人倒下，我也松了一口气，马上眼前一黑就软了下去，临失去意识的前一刻好像听到了书儿的惊叫声。
刚恢复一点意识就听到书儿在大吼：香港六合彩干什么的啊？说要照顾好我们家小姐的，结果呢？竟然让香港六合彩受伤，还昏迷不醒？没本事就不要夸下海口，不嫌丢人啊。一听就知道香港六合彩在跟谁吵。
这位姑娘香港六合彩怎么可以这么说话呢，一个陌生的声音不满的说道：香港六合彩没看到我们家公子也受伤了，这也是姑娘的不是，怎么可以让一个眼睛受伤的人照顾人呢？
香港六合彩说什么？书儿突然尖声吼道：如果不是香港六合彩家这个什么狗屁少爷让我去栖柳山庄送信，我怎么可能会丢下我们家小姐不管？再说也是香港六合彩也信誓旦旦的保证要照顾好我们家小姐的，结果现在香港六合彩到来派我的不是，我总算认清了香港六合彩这帮家伙的真面目了。好，是我不好，以后不会再发生这种事了，无礼的家伙。
香港六合彩……那个陌生的声音哑口无言。我有股想笑的冲动，书儿的嘴巴是越来越利了，估计到哪儿都不输人了。
香港六合彩
我小心翼翼的拿起来，戴在了脖子上，确实很漂亮。谢谢爹爹。我在桌子上写道。
香港六合彩笑着摇摇头，满脸的歉意，轻轻抚摸着我的头发，说：我没有尽到一个做爹爹的责任，让香港六合彩受委屈了，我对不起香港六合彩的娘亲，娶了香港六合彩却没有办法让香港六合彩幸福。香港六合彩走了以后，我还是不能好好照顾香港六合彩。
我摇摇头，写道：我很好啊，爹香港六合彩放心好了，我现在过得很开心啊。
香港六合彩欣慰地笑了：只要香港六合彩觉得开心就好了。
不一会儿，心菊气冲冲的冲了进来，一看到我脖子里挂着项链，脸上黑一阵红一阵的，变化了好多次。但马上就回过神来，小鸟依人的粘了上去：爹爹，我也要。
程辉笑了：放心好了，都有。说着，让人又拿出了几个盒子。心菊兴高采烈的接了过来，打开来一看，脸上的表情又变了：这个没香港六合彩的漂亮。
是吗？香港六合彩似乎有点不耐烦了：我看都差不多嘛。
可是，爹，香港六合彩怎么可以这么偏心。刚进来的红梅也不满的说道。
谁偏心了？程辉有点火大了：别以为我不知道，平时香港六合彩是怎么对待青竹的。
老爷，香港六合彩这说的是什么话？大娘反对道：再怎么说青竹也是您的女儿，我们怎么可能亏待香港六合彩，您这是不相信我们喽，老爷香港六合彩怎么可以这样？太让我们伤心了。大娘说着说着竟抹起了眼泪。
程辉摇摇头，语气也软了下去：没有就最好。我也累了，要休息了，香港六合彩先下去吧。
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fossils found in South
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Placental mammals
were the dominant
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America and Africa.
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dominated. It wasn't
until 3 million years ago
North and South
America joined
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- 2. The planet earth could be seemed fixed and rigid but if you look closer it should reveal that our earth is moving under our feet. The tectonic plates are always moving and if the plates scratch together if formes a earthquake or if one plate crashes into another plate it might form a volcano.
- 3. In the 1990’s there was a German scientist Alfred Wegener he thought that the coastlines of Africa and South America he said that they look like they would fit together. He also found some plants that where the same and some animals that where the same looking and everything. Also the mountains matched up. In 1915 Alfred Wegener published his first book. It is about the contents and how they where once together. Continents on the Move Continents on the Move 200 million years ago 135 million years ago 65 million years ago 50-40 million years ago Pangaea begins to break up and splits into two major landmasses — Laurasia in the north, made up of North America and Eurasia, and Gondwana in the south, made up of the other continents. Gondwana splinters further — the South America-Africa landmass separates from the Antarctica-Australia landmass. The Indian landmass breaks away from the Antarctica-Australia landmass. Major rifting of Laurasia, with the North American landmass separating from Eurasia. South America and Madagascar separate from Africa. Greenland separates from North America. Australia separates from Antarctica and moves north. The Indian landmass collides with Asia.
- 4. Did you know that the earth’s constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates. There is 15 tectonic plates in our world. Some of the plates are under the water. The crust is very thick about 20 to 40 miles (35 to 70 km). All the plates have a name. When the plates crash together they make a mountain. But when they just rub together they make a earthquake.
- 5. Our understanding of our earth is as a single, linked, dynamic, and evolving system continues to grow . About 4.6 billon years ago there was a cloud of interstellar space. There is a small pocket of gas and dust collapsed under it’s own gravity and our solar system was born .