Touring the Universe (An Introduction to Formation of the Universe)
I hope this lesson can shed light to SHS Grade 11 Science Teachers. My appeal to those who will download this ppt. please email me at marileahmendina08@gmail.com for my own references. I would be glad to hear from you.
Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Prope...Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Earth Science (for STEM): Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
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Touring the Universe (An Introduction to Formation of the Universe)
I hope this lesson can shed light to SHS Grade 11 Science Teachers. My appeal to those who will download this ppt. please email me at marileahmendina08@gmail.com for my own references. I would be glad to hear from you.
Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Prope...Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Earth Science (for STEM): Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
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Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciencesknip xin
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the definition, characteristics and processes about rocks.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the Earth and its Subsystems (The Four Spheres).
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciencesknip xin
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the definition, characteristics and processes about rocks.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the Earth and its Subsystems (The Four Spheres).
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. 1. Why is Earth called “the living planet?”
A. It sustains life.
B. It has atmosphere.
C. It has water at the surface.
D. All of the above
2. Which among the set of planets are called
terrestrial?
A. Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus
B. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth
C. Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter
D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
3. 3. What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to
other planets?
A. It has soil.
B. It has trees.
C. It has people.
D. It has liquid water.
4. What makes planet Earth habitable?
A. It has comfortable distance from the sun.
B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation.
C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other
gases.
D. All of the above
4. 5. Why is Earth called a terrestrial planet?
A. It has life.
B. It is closest to the sun.
C. It is farther from the sun.
D. It is placed at almost the middle planets.
6. Which of the following best describes the
surface of the planet Earth?
A. a thick layer of hydrogen gas
B. cloudy and hot with lots of volcano
C. cold, rocky, and covered with red dust
D. mostly water surface with some areas of land
5. 7. Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which
answer verifies the statement?
A. It supports life.
B. It is mostly covered in water.
C. Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen.
D. All of the above
8. Which is supported and sustained by planet?
A. life
B. a moon
C. a rocky core
D. an atmosphere
6. 9. How many percent of water comprises the Earth?
A. 15%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 70%
10. Which factors are needed for organisms to live on
Earth?
A. temperature and nutrient
B. atmosphere and energy
C. only A
D. both A and B
7. 11. What characteristics does the Earth have to
maintain an organism’s body to survive?
A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere.
B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate
nutrients.
C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock
that can circulate and replenish nutrients for
organisms.
D. All of the above
8. 12. What makes Earth similar to Venus?
A. Earth and Venus are the right sizes to hold a
sufficient atmosphere.
B. Venus’ atmosphere is 100 times thicker than
Earth.
C. Among all the solid planets and moons, only
Earth, Venus, and Titan have significant
atmospheres.
D. Both A and C
9. 13. Which statement about the Earth’s energy in
sustaining life is incorrect?
A. Earth survives in too little energy.
B. Earth is in the right distance from the sun
C. Earth is kept warm by an insulating
atmosphere.
D. Earth has magnetic field to protect from solar
radiation.
10. 14. Which distinct characteristic made Earth
different from any other planet?
A. It is the only rocky planet.
B. It is the only planet that turns around in
space.
C. It is the only planet that has a large amount
of liquid water.
D. It is the only planet that changes its
structure.
11. 15. What does Earth offer to human in order to
sustain life?
A. Earth has abundant plant life.
B. Earth has sufficient nutrients from ocean to
land.
C. Only A
D. Both A and B.
12.
13. Factors that make a planet
habitable:
Temperature
Atmosphere
Energy
Nutrients
14. Earth is the only place in
the known universe
confirmed to host life
and is the only one
known for sure to have
liquid water in the
surface.
15. Reasons why planet Earth is a
unique one:
1. It has liquid water;
2. Surface or lithosphere
which includes the crust
and the upper mantle;
and
3. It has atmosphere that
shelters it from the
worst of the sun’s rays.
16. “
1. it has the right distance from the
sun;
2. it is protected from harmful solar
radiation by its magnetic field;
3. it is kept warm by an insulating
atmosphere; and
4. it has the right amount of ingredients
for life, including water and carbon.
Planet Earth is considered
habitable because of the
following reasons:
17. A. Earth, Venus, and Mars
may have similarities:
1. They all are terrestrial planets, made of
solid rocks and silicates;
2. They all have an atmosphere;
3. They all almost have the same time to
rotate on their axis;
4. Earth and Mars both have water;
5. They all have carbon dioxide; and
6. All have landforms.
18. B. Earth, Venus, and Mars have
differences:
1. Venus has no water;
2. Venus and Mars don’t have
oxygen; and
3. Earth has life forms.
21. 1. What makes planet Earth different from the
other planets in the solar system?
A. It supports life.
B. It is mostly covered in water.
C. The atmosphere holds gases.
D. All of the above
2. Which statement does not describe planet
Earth?
A. It has 70% water
B. It is rocky, terrestrial planet.
C. It has solid and active surface
D. It has atmosphere made of nitrogen alone.
22. 3. What makes planet Earth a “house” for living
organisms?
A. It has comfortable distance from the sun.
B. The atmosphere serves as shields from the
sun.
C. Only A
D. Both A and B
4. Which is not true about Earth when compared
to Mars?
A. It has life mechanism.
B. It has water and atmosphere.
C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen.
23. 5. What benefits dose the Earth’s atmosphere
gives to endure life on Earth?
I. The atmosphere nourishes life on Earth
II.The atmosphere protects Earth from
meteorites.
III.The atmosphere gases blocks damaging
ultraviolet light
IV.The atmosphere reduce temperature
extremes between day and night
A. I only
B. I, II
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III, IV
24. 6. Planet Earth is considered as “blue planet.” Which of
the following best describes the surface of planet Earth?
A. Earth has atmosphere.
B. Earth has lots of volcano.
C. Earth is covered with red dust.
D. Earth has mostly water on the surface.
7. For many, Earth is different from other planets. Why
do you think so?
A. Earth is mostly covered in water.
B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun.
C. Earth has carbon dioxide on its atmosphere.
D. It has approximately same size as that of Venus.
25. 8. Which statements best define planet Earth?
A. It has gases.
B. It supports life.
C. It has rocky core.
D. It supports other planet.
9. It was found out that Earth’s surface is covered
with water. Approximately, how many percent of
water comprises the Earth?
A. 45% water
B. 50% water
C. 60% water
D. 70% water
26. 10. Earth can support the survival of organisms.
What is/are the factor/s that make/s Earth
habitable?
I. atmosphere III. temperature
II. energy IV. nutrient
A. I
B. I, II
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III, IV
27. 11. In order for an organism to survive, nutrients
are needed. What are the
nutrients that planet Earth can offer for an
organism to exist?
A. Earth has an atmosphere and ozone layer.
B. Earth has both water cycle and nitrogen
cycle.
C. Earth has natural activities to circulate
nutrients.
D. All of the above
28. 12. Many studies have shown similarities of
Earth and Venus. What makes Earth similar
with Venus?
A. Earth and Venus have the same orbit.
B. Earth and Venus have the same
diameter.
C. Earth and Venus have the same
atmosphere.
D. Earth and Venus are of the right size
to hold a sufficient atmosphere.
29. 13. What makes human and other living
organisms capable to live on Earth?
A. Earth can provide food for the organism.
B. Earth can protect the organism from any
possible threat.
C. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot
compared to other planets.
D. Earth has the right amount of
temperature, water, good atmosphere, and
favorable climate.
30. 14. Planet Earth is considered uniquely different
from any other planets in the Solar system. Which
among the given choices correctly answers the
statement?
A. Earth is the only planet that changes
structure.
B. Earth is the only planet that turns around
in space.
C. Earth is the only planet that is mostly
covered with water.
D. Earth is the only planet that is mostly
made from rocks.
31. 15. What is the reason why every living thing on
Earth has the chance of survival?
A. Earth is covered with 65% water.
B. Earth thick atmosphere consisted mainly
of carbon dioxide.
C. Earth has active volcanoes similar with
those that are found in Venus.
D. Earth has ozone layer to protect living
organisms from harmful radiation.
36. The four subsystems of
the Earth are:
1. Atmosphere
2. Biosphere
3. Geosphere
4. Hydrosphere
37. the gaseous layer above the
Earth’s surface primarily
composed of different gases
such as nitrogen and oxygen.
ATMOSPHERE
38. the zone of the Earth where
all forms of life exist.
BIOSPHERE
39. the solid part of the Earth that
consists the entire planet
from the center of the core to
the outer crust.
GEOSPHERE
40. the water part of the Earth
that includes oceans and
glaciers.
HYDROSPHERE
41. 1. All of the waters, including subsurface and atmospheric water comprise the Earth. Which geological subsystem best label the
statement? HYDROSPHERE
2. Earth contains all living organisms including those on the land, in the water and air. Which subsystem best describes the statement?
BIOSPHERE
1. Which subsystem suits the statement, “Global ecological system interacting with each other”?
BIOSPHERE
1. Oxygen, water vapor, nitrogen, and other gases help organism to survive. Which Earth sphere contain these materials?
ATMOSPHERE
1. Which term is used to describe the thin layer of solid rock that makes up the outermost part of the Earth?
CRUST
1. Among the subsystems, which is composed of a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth?
ATMOSPHERE
1. Which gas dominates the Earth’s atmosphere?
NITROGEN
1. Ozone plays an important part for organisms to stay alive. To what sphere does ozone belong?
ATMOSPHERE
1. Earth includes beach grasses, forms of life in the sea, on land, and even in the air. Which term best describes the statement?
BIOSPHERE
1. Which system of the Earth is considered as the largest component of the Earth?
GEOSPHERE
1. it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
ATMOSPHERE
1. It is sometimes called as the largest ecosystem?
2. the solid part of the Earth that consists the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust.
3. This serves as the ecosystem of all living and non- living organisms.
4. – 18 4 subsystems
19. – 20 major components of atmosphere
42.
43. CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by identifying what is
being described.
Down
2. It is a mineral found
in salt.
3. It has definite shape
and volume.
5. It is also known as
sodium chloride.
Across
1. It is solid inorganic
substance of natural
occurrence.
4. It is a mineral found
in pencil.
44. is a naturally occurring
substance formed in the
earth.
Minerals
Example:
Halite – is the mineral compound
NaCl.
Graphite – is the mineral found in
pencil.
45. 1. Naturally occurring- term which
identifies mineral as part of earth’s
natural processes.
2. Inorganic- means a substance is
not a product of an organism.
Characteristics of Minerals
46. 3. Homogeneous solid- minerals should
have definite volume and rigid shape
4. Definite chemical composition—
represented by a chemical formula
5. Orderly crystalline structure- atoms
of minerals are arranged in an orderly
and repeating pattern
47. a. Color - mineral’s color may
change depending on the
surface.
b. Streak - color of mineral in
powdered form.
c. Hardness - minerals resistance
to scratching
Properties of Minerals
48. Mohs Scale of Hardness
(Diamond is the Hardest with a
scale of 10)
10 - Diamond
9 - Corundum
8 - Topaz
7 - Quartz
6 - Orthoclase
5 - Apatite
4 - Fluorite
3 - Calcite
2 - Gypsum
1 - Talc
49. d.Cleavage - mineral’s resistance to
being broken and fracture
e.Crystalline structure or habit
f. Diaphaneity/amount of transparency
- ability to allow light to pass through
it. This is affected by chemical
makeup of the mineral sample.
g.Luster - how light is reflected off a
surface
50. h. Tenacity- describes the minerals
reaction to stress.
• Brittleness - a mineral turns into
powder guilingan
• Malleability - a mineral can be
flattened by pounding with a hammer.
Gabutero J
• Ductility- A mineral can be stretched
into wire. EneroG
51. • Flexible but inelastic-Minerals are
bent but they remain in the new
position. Perez
• Flexible and elastic- Minerals are
bent, and they bring back to their
original position. Alburo
i. Sectility- ability of minerals to be
sliced by a knife.
52. The Mohs scale (pronounced
MOZE) was introduced in 1822.
It originated when Friedrich
Mohs chose ten minerals and
assigned numbers to them
based on the relative ease or
difficulty in which stone can be
scratched by another.
Did you
know?
54. 1. a ranking of mineral from softest hardest
2. ability of mineral to be cut by knife
3. shows the true color of mineral
4. repeating pattern in minerals in solid
5. describes the mineral reaction to stress
6. a manner by which mineral reflects light.
7. a term which identifies minerals as part of Earth’s natural processes.
8. means a substance is not a product of an organism.
9. have definite shape and volume.
10. represented by chemical formula
11. It is a mineral that is bent but goes back to its original position.
12. It is a mineral found in salt.
13. It is also known as sodium chloride.
14. It is a mineral found in pencil.
15. What is the hardest mineral?
16. What is the softest mineral?
17. The person who studies minerals
18. What year does the Mohs Hardness Scale introduced?
19 – 20. 2 characteristics of minerals
21 – 25. 5 properties of minerals.
1. Mohs Hardness Scale/
Mohs Scale
2. Sectility
3. Streak
4. Orderly Crystalline
Structure
5. Tenacity
6. Luster
7. Naturally Occurring
8. Inorganic
9. Homogeneous Solid
10.Definite Chemical
composition
11.Flexible and elastic
12.Halite
13.Salt
14.Graphite
15.Diamond
16.Talc
17.Mineralogist
18.1822
65. forms when magma makes
its way to Earth’s surface
as lava and then cools.
Extrusive / Volcanic
Rock
66. It cools slowly beneath the
Earth surface and are
created by magma.
Intrusive/Plutonic
67. 1. Composition- it refers to rock’s
mineral and chemical make-up.
• Felsic – igneous rocks that
are light in colors; feldspar
and silicates
Igneous rocks are classified
based on;
68. • Mafic – dark-colored igneous rocks
made up of magnesium, calcium
and iron
• Intermediate – refers to igneous
rocks between mafic and felsic
composition.
• Ultramafic – denotes igneous rocks
that composed chiefly of mafic
minerals.
69. 2. Texture - overall appearance of a
rock based on the size, shape, and
arrangement of interlocking mineral
crystals.
• Aphanistic – fine-grained rocks
with crystals seen by aid of
microscope.
• Phaneritic - coarse-grained
rocks
70. • Porphyritic – large crystals with small
crystals
• Glassy - a rock that looks like colored
glass with no visible mineral crystal.
• Pyroclastic- results from explosive
fragmentation of volcanic material.
Examples:
Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite,
gabbro
71.
72. forms from pre-existing rocks:
either metamorphic, igneous,
sedimentary or other
metamorphic rocks that have
been altered by agents of
metamorphism.
Metamorphic
75. due to changes in pressure
and temperature over large
region of the crust.
Regional
76. the rock minerals and
textures are changed
mainly by heat due to
contact with magma.
Contact
77. 1.Texture - refers to the size
arrangement and grains within
the rock.
• Foliation - any planar
arrangement of mineral
grains or structural features
within the rock.
Classification:
78. a. Foliated rocks – can be
arranged in terms of increasing
metamorphism, and it appeared
layered or banded with
compressed mineral grains.
Example: mica
b. Non-foliated rocks – usually
made up of only few minerals.
79.
80. provide information about
surface conditions that
existed in the Earth’s past.
Sedimentary
Rocks
81. • Particles of sand, shells, pebbles,
and other fragments of materials
called sediments, accumulate in
layers and over long period of time
harden into rocks.
• Compaction-due to increase of
pressure of layered sediments it bind
together to form the sedimentary
rocks.
83. formed from accumulation of
clasts: little pieces of broken
rocks and shells.
Examples: conglomerate, breccia,
sandstone, shale
a. Clastic Sedimentary
rock
84. formed when dissolved minerals
precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a
body of seawater becomes closed
off and evaporates.
b. Chemical
85. rocks formed from the
accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of
organic matter in the form of plants
fragments.
c. Organic
86. Directions: Arrange the letters to form
the correct words by placing the
correct letter sequence in the shaded
box. Then, answer the riddle below by
using the corresponding letters found
in the numbered boxes in each item.
Word Cryptogram
A mineral may be made by a single element (such as gold, copper or silver) or may be made of two or more elements chemically combined to form a compound.
Mineralogists use the criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not.
Calcite, a compound made of Ca, C and O is a mineral. It is formed underground from water containing this dissolved elements.
4. The minerals like quarts is made entirely of a compound formed from the elements Si and O.
5. A repeating pattern of atoms forms a solid called Crystal.
Most rocks are composed of various combinations of eight elements. These are the most abundant elements on the earth.
Sometimes referred as “fire-formed”. Igneous comes from the Latin word igni means “coming from fire”
But there is no actual fire involved in the formation of igneous rocks. The tremendous haat produces magma and the subsequent cooling and hardening of the magma produce igneous rocks.