The document discusses the four main subsystems that make up the Earth: the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on each subsystem, including the composition and layers of the atmosphere. The subsystems interact with each other through flows of matter and energy. For example, the atmosphere provides heat and energy to the geosphere while the biosphere receives gases, heat, sunlight and water from the other subsystems. This dynamic interaction between the subsystems creates a habitable environment for life on Earth.

1. EARTH
SCIENCES
THE EARTH
THE EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS
THE EARTH’S INTERNAL
STRUCTURE
© RECHEL T DE LOS SANTOS, LPT

2. Review: Identify the planets in the solar
system.
Sun
Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets

3. The Living Planet

4.  Earth is considered as a home of
simple single-celled organisms
up to the most complex life
forms including humans.
 It is undeniable that the planet
we live in is a rare planet as it
is the only planet in our solar
system that permits life.
 Derived from the Anglo-Saxon
word erda, which means ground
or soil.

5. What are the factors that make the planet habitable?
Temperature
Life seems to be
limited to a
temperature
range of -15°C to
115°C.

6. Atmosphere
Earth and Venus
are the right size to
hold a sufficient
atmosphere.
Earth’s atmosphere
is about 100 miles
thick.
What are the factors that make the planet habitable?

7. What are the factors that make the planet habitable?
Energy
With a steady
input of either
light or chemical
energy, cells can
run the chemical
reactions
necessary for life.

8. Nutrients
Those with water
cycle or volcanic
activity can
transport and
replenish the
chemicals required
by living organisms.
What are the factors that make the planet habitable?

9. Why is the planet Earth habitable?
1. It has
the right
distance
from the
sun.

10. 2. It is
protected
from harmful
solar
radiation by
its magnetic
field.
Why is the planet Earth habitable?

11. Why is the planet Earth habitable?
3. It is kept warm by an
insulating atmosphere.

12. 4. It has the right amount of
ingredients for life, including
water and carbon.
Why is the planet Earth habitable?

13. Earth: The Living Planet
What are the unique characteristics of
Earth that allows the existence of life?
 Planet’s ability to maintain heat
 Presence of liquid water
 Existence of life-supporting
atmosphere

14. Earth’s
Subsystem

15. The interconnections
of land, water,
atmosphere, and the
life of our planet

16. A closed system is a
system in which there is
only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of
matter.

17. Subsystems
of the Earth

18. Subsystems of the Earth
A B
C D
BIOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE
GEOSPHERE ATHMOSPHERE

19. Subsystems of the Earth
1. ATMOSPHERE
 Composed of 78% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen
(O2), 1% other gases like argon, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert
gases.
 Supports life
 Regulates climate
 Acts as both a blanket and a filter

20. Layers of the Athmosphere
Mnemonic device
for the layers of
the atmosphere:
That Snake Mus
t Think: I’m Evil

21. a. Troposphere
 The troposphere is by far the wettest
layer of the atmosphere (all of the other
layers contain very little moisture).
 is the lowest layer of Earth's
atmosphere and it is the closest layer to
Earth’s surface. It is the layer we live in.
 Where all the weather occurs.

22. b. Stratosphere
 It is the second layer of the atmosphere
as you go upward.
 is very dry air and contains little water
vapor.
 is where you'll find the very important
ozone layer.
 Jets fly here.

23. c. Mesosphere
 The third and coldest layer of
Earth’s atmosphere, reaching
about 130 degrees below zero.
 Is also where most meteors, or
space rocks and metal, burn up
before they crash the ground.

24. d. Thermosphere
 The fourth layer of the
Earths atmosphere that
absorbs the sun’s
radiation, making it very
hot.
 It is also where satellites

25. e. Ionosphere
 Is a very active part of the
atmosphere, and it grows and shrinks
depending on the energy it absorbs
from the sun.
 Its name comes from the fact that
gases in these layers are excited by
solar radiation to form “ions” which
have an electrical charge.

26. f. Exosphere
 Is the very edge of our atmosphere.
This layer is the outermost layer of
our atmosphere. “Exo” means outside.
 This layer separates the rest of the
atmosphere from outer space.
 Is really, really big- to get to outer
space you have to be really far from
Earth.

27. 2. GEOSPHERE
Subsystems of the Earth
 comes from the Greek word
geos meaning ground.
 Refers to the solid Earth,
consisting of the entire planet
from the center of the core to
the outer crust.

28. It is the solid, outermost layer of the
Earth that is composed of rocks.
Beneath the crust, composed
of molten rocks
liquefied part
of the Earth
solid, central
part of the
Earth.

29. 3. HYDROSPHERE
Subsystems of the Earth
 “Hydro” is a Greek word which means water.
 Is the totality of Earth’s water, including the
permanently frozen parts called cryosphere.
 About 71% of the Earth is covered with liquid water
(hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean
water
 Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in
the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is
present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.

30. 4. BIOSPHERE
Subsystems of the Earth
 Comes from the Greek word “bios” meaning
LIFE.
 Includes all life forms and even organic matter
that has not yet decomposed.
 Life on Earth exists within a zone where
interactions among the four subsystems occur to
create a habitable environment.
 Sometimes called as the large ecosystem.

31. How does matter and energy flow across the four
subsystems of Earth
The
atmosphere
provides the
geosphere with
heat and energy
needed for rock
breakdown and
erosion.
The biosphere
receives gases, heat,
and sunlight
(energy)from the
atmosphere. It
receives water from
the hydrosphere and
a living medium from
the geosphere.

32. Carbon cycle
In this cycle, carbon can be stored in the
biosphere (within plants), atmosphere (as
carbon dioxide), hydrosphere (dissolve as CO2 in
the oceans), and geosphere (as coal and oil
deposits). The right amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere helps regulate a temperature range
that is conducive to life. Too much CO2 may
lead to warmer temperature, may lead to global
warming and subsequent climate change.