Origin and structure

1. Origin and Structure of
the Earth: Earth and
Earth System

2. Post- Test: 1-10
Direction.
Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

3. 1. Choose the most appropriate
description of the hydrosphere.
a. The mixture of gases that
surround the earth.
b. The waters on earth including
subsurface.
c. Only surface water on earth.
d. Only atmospheric water

4. 2. All living organisms of the
earth, including those on the
land, water and air, are
considered part of which
subsystem?
a. Biosphere
b. Hydrosphere
c. Atmosphere
d. Geosphere

5. 3. Which of the following is NOT
one of the four major geological
subsystems of the earth?
a. Biosphere
b. Watersphere
c. Atmosphere
d. Geosphere

6. 4. The crust of the earth
consists mostly of ________.
a. Oxygen and silicon
b. Iron and silicon
c. Iron and nickel
d. Copper and nickel

7. 5. The layer that makes up
most of the earth’s mass and
volume is the _________.
a. Mantle
b. Magma
c. Crust
d. Core

8. 6. The largest portion of the
earth’s volume is _______.
a. the crust
b. the mantle
c. the inner core
d. the outer core

9. 7. What is a lithosphere?
a. The bottom of the mantle
b. The middle of the mantle
c. The crust and the top of
the mantle
d. Just the top of the crust

10. 8. The picture shows the three
main layers of the Earth. Where is
the hottest?
a. Layer K
b. Layer W
c. Layer F
d. All three layers have the same
temperature.

11. 9. From this picture, which of the
following correctly identify the 3 layers of
the earth arranged as K, W, and F?
a. Mantle, core, crust
b. Atmosphere, crust, equator
c. Crust, mantle, core
d. Nucleus, continent, core

12. 10. The thinnest layer of the
earth is the _________.
a. Mantle
b. Inner core
c. Outer core
d. Crust

13. This narrow-angle color
image of the Earth is a part of
the first ever "portrait" of the
solar system taken by
Voyager 1.

14. Source:
NASA/JPL
Published:
February 14, 1990

16. • Just slightly larger than
nearby Venus, Earth is the
biggest of the terrestrial
planets.

17. • The name Earth is at least 1,000
years old.
• All of the planets, except for
Earth, were named after Greek
and Roman gods and
goddesses.
• However, the name Earth is an
English/German word, which
simply means the ground.

18. Ten Things to Know
about the Earth
by NASA Science

19. 1. Measuring Up
If the Sun were as tall as a
typical front door, Earth
would be the size of a nickel.

21. 2. Third Rock
Earth orbits our Sun, a star.
Earth is the third planet from
the Sun at a distance of
about 93 million miles (150
million km).

23. 3. As the World Turns
A day on Earth is 24 hours.
Earth makes a complete orbit
around the sun (a year in
Earth time) in about 365
days.

24. 4. We’re on It
Earth is a rocky planet with a
solid and dynamic surface of
mountains, canyons, plains
and more. Most of our planet
is covered in water.

25. 5. Breathe Easy
Earth's atmosphere is 78
percent nitrogen, 21 percent
oxygen and 1 percent other
ingredients— the perfect
balance to breathe and live.

26. 6. Our Cosmic Companion
Earth has one moon.

27. 7. Ringless
Earth has no rings.

28. 8. Orbital Science
Many orbiting spacecraft
study the Earth from above
as a whole system—
observing the atmosphere,
ocean, glaciers, and the solid
earth.

29. More than 100 Soviet and Russian Soyuz manned spacecraft (TMA version shown)
have flown since 1967 and now support the International Space Station.

30. 9. Home, Sweet Home
Earth is the perfect place for
life as we know it.

31. 10. Protective Shield
Our atmosphere protects us
from incoming meteoroids,
most of which break up in
our atmosphere before they
can strike the surface.

33. Earth Science
Also known as geoscience, a
term used for all sciences
related to earth’s geology,
meteorology, oceanography,
etc.

34. Why does the Earth
have only one moon
and no rings?

35. Four Major Systems of Earth
System- defined as group
of independent parts that
work together as a whole.
Each help shape the
structure of the planet.

36. Four Major Systems of Earth
1.Air
2.Water
3.Land
4.Life

37. The Earth’s System
The biophysical components
of the Earth System are often
referred to as spheres.

38. Four Biophysical
Components of the Earth
1.Geosphere
2.Hydrosphere
3.Atmosphere
4.Biosphere

39. These four regulate the
different functions on Earth
such as the climate system,
ecological services generated
by the living biosphere,
including food production, and
natural resources like fossil
fuels and minerals.

40. In the mid- 1960s, James
Lovelock first postulated the
regulatory role of the
biosphere. This role is known
as the Gaia hypothesis.
In 1970, Lynn Margulis, further
developed this.

42. The Gaia Theory is a compelling
new way of understanding life on
our planet.
It argues that we are far more than
just the “Third Rock from the Sun,”
situated precariously between
freezing and burning up.

43. The theory asserts that living
organisms and their inorganic
surroundings have evolved
together as a single living
system that greatly affects the
chemistry and conditions of
Earth’s surface.

44. Living organisms interact with
their inorganic surroundings on
Earth to form a synergistic and
self-regulating, complex system
that helps to maintain and
perpetuate the conditions for life
on the planet.

45. It suggests that this living
system has automatically
controlled global temperature,
atmospheric content, ocean
salinity, and other factors, that
maintains its own habitability.

46. In a phrase, “life maintains
conditions suitable for its own
survival.”

47. 1. Geosphere
• Geo means ground.
• Makes up the solid
portion of the Earth, its
structure and land.
• Includes the non- living
land features.

49. The Earth’s Crust
Our planet’s surface is covered
by a thin layer called crust.
Measuring 40- 50 km deep
composed of solid rocks and
minerals with temperature of 22
degrees Celcius.
It is made up of large rocks.

51. The continental crust is the
crust covered by land. This
crust is light in color and is
made mostly of granite. Above
the granite is sedimentary rock
and metamorphic rocks.

52. • Beneath the ocean lies the oceanic
crust. This crust is made of basalt
lava flows, which have erupted from
volcanoes over millions of years. It
is also composed of the elements
iron, oxygen, magnesium and
aluminum.
• This crust covers more than two-
thirds of the Earth. It is very dark or
black and very heavy.

55. Lithosphere is the area that
mostly affects the earth
system.
Lithosphere is in between the
upper mantle and crust.