A magnitude comparator is a digital circuit that compares two binary numbers and determines whether one number is equal to, less than, or greater than the other number. It has two inputs (A and B) and three outputs to indicate the relations between the two numbers. A 2-bit magnitude comparator compares two 2-bit binary numbers and generates outputs for less than, equal to, and greater than conditions. A weighted resistor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) produces an analog output voltage approximately equal to a digital binary input using a circuit of binary-weighted resistors in an inverting op-amp adder configuration.

18. Magnitude Comparator in Digital Logic
A magnitude digital Comparator is a combinational circuit that compares two
digital or binary numbers in order to find out whether one binary number is
equal, less than or greater than the other binary number. We logically design a
circuit for which we will have two inputs one for A and other for B and have three
output terminals, one for A > B condition, one for A = B condition and one for A <
B condition.

19. 2-Bit Magnitude Comparator:-
• A comparator used to compare two binary numbers each of two
bits is called a 2-bit Magnitude comparator. It consists of four
inputs and three outputs to generate less than, equal to and
greater than between two binary numbers.

49. 3 : 8 Decoder using NAND Gates

58. BCD to Decimal

59. A BCD to Seven Segment decoder is a
combinational logic circuit that accepts a
decimal digit in BCD (input) and
generates appropriate outputs for
the segments to display the input
decimal digit. The truth table is extracted
from the CD4511 IC datasheet. This truth
table is interactive
BCD to Seven Segment Decoder

63. In electronics, a multiplexer (or
mux; spelled sometimes as
multiplexor), also known as a
data selector, is a device that
selects between several analog
or digital input signals and
forwards it to a single output
line.

69. In electronics, a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a
system that converts a digital signal into
an analog signal. An analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) performs the reverse
function.

71. A Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
consists of a number of binary inputs and a
single output. In general, the number of
binary inputs of a DAC will be a power of
two.
Types of DACs
There are two types of DACs
•Weighted Resistor DAC
•R-2R Ladder DAC

72. Weighted Resistor DAC
A weighted resistor DAC produces an analog output, which is almost equal
to the digital (binary) input by using binary weighted resistors in the
inverting adder circuit. In short, a binary weighted resistor DAC is called as
weighted resistor DAC.

73. the bits of a binary number can have only one of the two values. i.e., either 0 or 1.
Let the 3-bit binary input is b2b1b0b2b1b0. Here, the bits b2b2 and b0b0 denote
the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and Least Significant Bit (LSB) respectively.
The digital switches shown in the above figure will be connected to ground,
when the corresponding input bits are equal to ‘0’. Similarly, the digital switches
shown in the above figure will be connected to the negative reference
voltage, −VR−VR when the corresponding input bits are equal to ‘1’.
In the above circuit, the non-inverting input terminal of an op-amp is connected to
ground. That means zero volts is applied at the non-inverting input terminal of op-
amp.
According to the virtual short concept, the voltage at the inverting input terminal
of opamp is same as that of the voltage present at its non-inverting input terminal.
So, the voltage at the inverting input terminal’s node will be zero volts.