Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
The study identifies the causes of traffic accidents in Khartoum state and ways to minimize them. A questionnaire was distributed to collect feedback from the public on the causes of accidents and most effective reduction methods. The top causes identified were reckless driving, driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and lack of respect for traffic rules. Application of vehicle and road safety standards was found to be lacking. Suggestions to improve safety included increasing enforcement of traffic laws and infrastructure improvements like adding lanes, traffic lights, and pedestrian crossings.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Mathematical model to assess motorcycle accidents in tanzaniaAlexander Decker
The document presents a mathematical model to assess factors contributing to motorcycle accidents in Tanzania. Data was collected from Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions on accidents and factors such as driving experience, speed, road conditions, and personal status (e.g. alcohol use). Multiple linear regression models were formulated using SPSS software. The models showed that in Kilimanjaro region, motorcycle accidents were most strongly associated with not having an owner's license, rough road conditions, personal status involving alcohol/drugs, and less experience. Personal status had the strongest effect on accidents. A similar approach was applied to data from Arusha region.
Impact of Roadway Condition, Traffic and Manmade Features on Road SafetyIRJET Journal
This document discusses factors that impact road safety, including roadway conditions, traffic, and manmade features. It summarizes various studies that have examined the relationship between these factors and road accidents. Some key findings of the studies include: accident rates decrease with more homogeneous traffic flows, driver performance is reduced by phone use, and accident risk increases with higher speeds. The objectives of the proposed work are to study accident rates in relation to traffic volume, road capacity, and road/shoulder maintenance and to develop an accident prediction model. Road safety can be improved by raising awareness, developing such a model, and considering roadway, traffic, and manmade factors.
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
The document discusses a study that explored the relationship between errors, lapses, violations and traffic awareness among 500 drivers in Cuddalore district, India. The study found significant relationships between driving errors, lapses and violations, and significant relationships between these behaviors and participants' traffic awareness. Specifically, errors and lapses showed moderate positive correlations, as did errors and violations and lapses and violations, while lapses and violations showed weak negative correlations with traffic awareness.
IRJET-Road Traffic Accident Analysis and Prediction Model: A Case Study of Va...IRJET Journal
This document discusses road traffic accidents in Vadodara City, India. It analyzes accident data from 2010-2016 collected from local police stations. Key findings include:
- Accident severity, the number of people killed per 100 accidents, increased over this period.
- The highest numbers of accidents occurred in March-April and involved two and four-wheelers.
- Factors contributing to accidents included lack of median barriers, footpaths, traffic signals and signs.
- The study aims to identify causes of accidents, develop an accident prediction model, and propose safety improvements to reduce accidents.
Road accidents continue to be a major public health issue in India, with over 1.5 lakh deaths reported in 2018 alone. The report analyzes state-wise accident data and finds that most deaths occur among productive aged groups. It highlights initiatives taken by the government to address road safety like identifying and rectifying black spots, strengthening vehicle safety standards, and enacting the Motor Vehicles Amendment Act of 2019 with stricter penalties. While efforts have stabilized accident rates after 2010, the high number of deaths remains a concern. The government is working to improve data collection systems and hopes that better enforcement of laws will help reduce fatalities in the coming years.
ABSTRACT- Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a continuing endemic occurrence both in the developed and developing
countries leading to one of the highest causes of mortality and morbidity. A Road Traffic Accident (RTA) can be defined
as, 'An event that occurs on a way or street open to public traffic; resulting in one or more persons being injured or killed,
where at least one moving vehicle is involved. The current study is a cross sectional study seen the pattern of injuries
occurred by RTA. Total numbers of 384 RTA victims were undertaken in this study at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical
College, Saharsa, Bihar, India from Jan 2016 to June 2016. Total numbers of 384 RTA victims were undertaken in this
study. Age & sex wise distribution were analyzed. Types of injury, causes, and outcome were also analyzed. In this study
we were concluded that the age and sex distribution is independent of accident occurrence. It is clear that fractures on
head & face are common in RTA. Fractures in lower limb & upper limb are also common in road traffic accidents. Present
study showed that the motorcyclist is at more risk. Various reports in India have shown that the outcome of RTA is not
only a health hazard but also an economic burden.
Key-words- Road Traffic Accident, World Health Organization, Public Health Issue
Advancing Road Safety in India:Challenges and OpportunitiesWaseemAhmad186
India has seen rising road accidents as the number of vehicles has increased dramatically in recent decades while road infrastructure has not kept pace. Over 5 lakh road accidents occurred in India in 2015, resulting in 1.46 lakh deaths. Young people between 15-35 years old account for over half of road accident victims. The top causes of accidents are reckless or drunk driving, speeding, and not wearing seatbelts. The government has created policies and programs focused on education, enforcement, engineering, and emergency response to try to advance road safety in India.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Mathematical model to assess motorcycle accidents in tanzaniaAlexander Decker
The document presents a mathematical model to assess factors contributing to motorcycle accidents in Tanzania. Data was collected from Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions on accidents and factors such as driving experience, speed, road conditions, and personal status (e.g. alcohol use). Multiple linear regression models were formulated using SPSS software. The models showed that in Kilimanjaro region, motorcycle accidents were most strongly associated with not having an owner's license, rough road conditions, personal status involving alcohol/drugs, and less experience. Personal status had the strongest effect on accidents. A similar approach was applied to data from Arusha region.
Impact of Roadway Condition, Traffic and Manmade Features on Road SafetyIRJET Journal
This document discusses factors that impact road safety, including roadway conditions, traffic, and manmade features. It summarizes various studies that have examined the relationship between these factors and road accidents. Some key findings of the studies include: accident rates decrease with more homogeneous traffic flows, driver performance is reduced by phone use, and accident risk increases with higher speeds. The objectives of the proposed work are to study accident rates in relation to traffic volume, road capacity, and road/shoulder maintenance and to develop an accident prediction model. Road safety can be improved by raising awareness, developing such a model, and considering roadway, traffic, and manmade factors.
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
The document discusses a study that explored the relationship between errors, lapses, violations and traffic awareness among 500 drivers in Cuddalore district, India. The study found significant relationships between driving errors, lapses and violations, and significant relationships between these behaviors and participants' traffic awareness. Specifically, errors and lapses showed moderate positive correlations, as did errors and violations and lapses and violations, while lapses and violations showed weak negative correlations with traffic awareness.
IRJET-Road Traffic Accident Analysis and Prediction Model: A Case Study of Va...IRJET Journal
This document discusses road traffic accidents in Vadodara City, India. It analyzes accident data from 2010-2016 collected from local police stations. Key findings include:
- Accident severity, the number of people killed per 100 accidents, increased over this period.
- The highest numbers of accidents occurred in March-April and involved two and four-wheelers.
- Factors contributing to accidents included lack of median barriers, footpaths, traffic signals and signs.
- The study aims to identify causes of accidents, develop an accident prediction model, and propose safety improvements to reduce accidents.
Road accidents continue to be a major public health issue in India, with over 1.5 lakh deaths reported in 2018 alone. The report analyzes state-wise accident data and finds that most deaths occur among productive aged groups. It highlights initiatives taken by the government to address road safety like identifying and rectifying black spots, strengthening vehicle safety standards, and enacting the Motor Vehicles Amendment Act of 2019 with stricter penalties. While efforts have stabilized accident rates after 2010, the high number of deaths remains a concern. The government is working to improve data collection systems and hopes that better enforcement of laws will help reduce fatalities in the coming years.
ABSTRACT- Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a continuing endemic occurrence both in the developed and developing
countries leading to one of the highest causes of mortality and morbidity. A Road Traffic Accident (RTA) can be defined
as, 'An event that occurs on a way or street open to public traffic; resulting in one or more persons being injured or killed,
where at least one moving vehicle is involved. The current study is a cross sectional study seen the pattern of injuries
occurred by RTA. Total numbers of 384 RTA victims were undertaken in this study at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical
College, Saharsa, Bihar, India from Jan 2016 to June 2016. Total numbers of 384 RTA victims were undertaken in this
study. Age & sex wise distribution were analyzed. Types of injury, causes, and outcome were also analyzed. In this study
we were concluded that the age and sex distribution is independent of accident occurrence. It is clear that fractures on
head & face are common in RTA. Fractures in lower limb & upper limb are also common in road traffic accidents. Present
study showed that the motorcyclist is at more risk. Various reports in India have shown that the outcome of RTA is not
only a health hazard but also an economic burden.
Key-words- Road Traffic Accident, World Health Organization, Public Health Issue
Advancing Road Safety in India:Challenges and OpportunitiesWaseemAhmad186
India has seen rising road accidents as the number of vehicles has increased dramatically in recent decades while road infrastructure has not kept pace. Over 5 lakh road accidents occurred in India in 2015, resulting in 1.46 lakh deaths. Young people between 15-35 years old account for over half of road accident victims. The top causes of accidents are reckless or drunk driving, speeding, and not wearing seatbelts. The government has created policies and programs focused on education, enforcement, engineering, and emergency response to try to advance road safety in India.
Road safety in India: Challenges and opportunities (2009)Rohit Sharma
The present report was designed to analyze the traffic safety situation in India, and to identify countermeasures for areas in which the total harm caused by crashes can be substantially and readily reduced. The report focuses on two aspects of traffic safety in India: challenges and opportunities. The first part of the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current traffic safety situation in India. It is pointed out in this analysis that fatality rates have increased both on highways and in urban areas during the past few years. Theoretical models suggest that the number of fatalities in India is not likely to start to decline for many years to come unless new policies are implemented. Based on the present analysis, the following six areas are identified as having potential for substantially reducing fatalities in India: (1) pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas, (2) pedestrians, other non-motorists, and slow vehicles on highways, (3) motorcycles and small cars in urban areas, (4) over-involvement of trucks
and buses, (5) nighttime driving, and (6) wrong-way drivers on divided highways. The second part of the report outlines several promising countermeasures for each of these
six areas. The third part of the report presents a brief comparison of major traffic safety challenges in India and China.
This document summarizes a study on road crashes and losses in Surat City and Umra, India between 2007-2012. Some key findings:
- Fatal crashes accounted for 18% of total crashes in Umra on average. The majority (77%) of crash victims in Umra were males aged 18-44.
- Total losses due to crashes in Umra decreased from INR 13.8 million in 2007 to INR 3.5 million in 2011 but increased again to INR 5.5 million in 2012 despite fewer total crashes.
- Crashes involving younger age groups (18-44) resulted in greater potential future losses as these groups are major economic contributors.
So in summary, the
The document summarizes current transportation issues in an unnamed city, including rapid growth in traffic due to increased private car usage and poor public transit. This has led to problems like congestion, urbanization, and rising air pollution. Vehicle ownership in the city has nearly doubled over seven years. The document then presents data on the breakdown of vehicles and emissions sources in the city. It uses examples and logic to illustrate how shifting more commuters from private vehicles to public buses could significantly reduce road space usage and congestion. The document ultimately argues that expanding public transit rather than continuing to widen roads is needed to create a more sustainable transportation system and green city.
Strategic Road Safety Plan Review - Questionnaire to WRA Members - Finland Kl...Jaakko Klang
This document provides information from Jaakko Klang of Finland in response to questions about road safety. It discusses Finland's approach to identifying high-risk locations, ranking them publicly, evaluating safety schemes economically, and addressing issues with motorcycle, cyclist, and pedestrian safety. Engineering measures installed to improve safety for these vulnerable road users include traffic calming, separation of motorized and non-motorized traffic, lowered speed limits, clearer markings, and infrastructure designed around users' needs and abilities. The response highlights ongoing issues and the need for further education and enforcement efforts.
Traffic Management And Information Control Centre (TMICC)WaseemAhmad186
The document discusses the objectives and components of a Traffic Management and Information Control Centre (TMICC) in India. The TMICC aims to manage traffic, enforce traffic rules, disseminate travel information to the public, and analyze traffic data. It contains central application software, hardware like video walls and servers, field equipment like traffic signals and CCTV cameras, and utilities like air conditioning. The benefits of a TMICC include improved traffic flow, time savings for commuters, reduced congestion, and lower emissions. Intelligent transportation systems can also be used for applications like electronic toll collection, traffic monitoring, and traveler information systems.
Road Transport in Urban India: Its Implications on HealthRohit Sharma
Urban population in India has increased from 17-31.16%
between 1951 and 2011. Transport sector in India is an extensive system comprising different modes of transport, but road transport is the dominant mode playing an important role in conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. Road transport accounted for 4.7% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010-11.
Although essential for mobility, trade, economic development and growth, integration and social inclusion, there are negative impacts of transportation as well especially that of energy intensive transport.
Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries, deaths and disabilities in India. In 2016, there were over 480,000 road accidents that resulted in over 150,000 deaths. Risk factors include speeding, drink-driving, lack of helmet or seatbelt use, and distracted driving from mobile phone use. Prevention strategies include data collection, safety education programs, promoting safety equipment, strict enforcement of traffic laws, eliminating hazardous road conditions, and improving emergency medical response. The Motor Vehicles Amendment Bill 2017 aims to improve road safety in India by increasing penalties for traffic offenses and mandating safety measures.
Road Accidents India Report - Govt of IndiaRushLane
The document provides statistics on road accidents in India in 2017. Some key findings include:
- There were 464,910 reported road accidents in 2017, claiming 147,913 lives and injuring 470,975 people.
- The number of accidents, injuries, and deaths have declined compared to 2016, continuing a downward trend seen in recent years.
- National Highways accounted for 30.4% of accidents and 36% of deaths, while State Highways saw 25% of accidents and other roads saw 44.6%.
- Common causes of accidents included overspeeding, reckless driving, drunken driving and driving on the wrong side of the road. Safety measures have been introduced but road accidents remain a
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
This document discusses forecasting models for road accident fatalities in India. It aims to analyze historical data on fatalities across five Indian states to understand contributing factors and create a forecast model. Key factors found to influence fatalities include the number of registered vehicles in a state, which showed a direct relationship to fatalities. Rainfall was found to not significantly impact accidents, though road conditions deteriorate in rainy months. States with more extensive road networks and greater government spending on infrastructure tended to experience fewer accidents and fatalities. The objective is to devise an accurate forecasting model using various time series and causality-based methods to help governments allocate resources and create policies to reduce road accidents.
India is facing severe traffic congestion problems in its major cities due to rapid population growth and increased vehicle ownership. The government is taking steps like improving public transportation and investing in infrastructure projects, but traffic continues to worsen. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) use technology to help manage traffic flow. This presentation discusses ITS applications in India like traffic monitoring centers, electronic toll collection, and traveler information systems. It also describes the Traffic Management and Information Control Center (TMICC) which uses sensors and communication networks to enforce traffic rules, monitor traffic, disseminate information to the public, and analyze collected data to improve planning. The goal of ITS and TMICCs is to increase safety, reduce congestion, and enhance
An effective road safety management system covers three linked elements: institutional management functions, interventions and results. All countries should ensure that an effective road safety management system is in place.
The document summarizes a Supreme Court case regarding a writ petition filed by an orthopedic surgeon seeking the court's intervention to address India's road accident crisis. It discusses statistics showing accidents kill over 130,000 Indians annually. It outlines reports and recommendations from government committees on engineering, enforcement, education and emergency care measures needed to curb accidents. These include amending laws, improving infrastructure, emergency response, driver training and public awareness. The petitioner seeks directions implementing these reforms to minimize loss of life from traffic accidents.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
IRJET- Cause and Remedial Measures of Road Traffic Accidents: A Case Study of...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the causes and trends of road traffic accidents in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia from 2013-2017. Some key findings:
- Over speeding and reckless overtaking were the leading causes of accidents, followed by failure to give priority and pedestrian factors.
- Motorcycles accounted for the highest number of accidents, followed by trucks.
- The study developed a multiple nonlinear regression model to analyze the relationship between various contributing factors and accident occurrence.
- Recommendations are made to implement road safety awareness programs, enforcement of traffic laws, improvement of road infrastructure and vehicle safety standards to reduce accidents in the zone.
12 part framework to structure safety assessment for autonomous drivingZiaullah Mirza
The document provides voluntary guidance from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to support the safe development and deployment of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). It outlines 12 safety elements that entities developing ADS should consider, including system safety, object and event detection, fallback procedures, validation methods, cybersecurity, and data recording. The guidance encourages entities to disclose voluntary safety self-assessments and emphasizes that safety remains the top priority for ADS. It is intended to help industry develop best practices without establishing compliance requirements.
The document summarizes key aspects of road safety in Ethiopia, including:
- Institutional roles like the Ministry of Transport and Road Fund Agency.
- Infrastructure issues like increasing the road network but designs prioritizing vehicles over pedestrians and cyclists.
- Vehicle standards exist but focus more on attributes like age not safety.
- Pre-hospital emergency response is inadequate outside Addis Ababa.
- Road crashes are a severe problem, with over 4,500 fatalities in 2018, though actual figures are likely higher due to underreporting. Speeding and not wearing seatbelts or helmets are common causes.
Influence of Vehicle Inspection Tests on Crashworthiness of School Bus in Nai...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The vehicle structure, designs and materials on
school bus body crashworthiness as regulated by different
government agencies in bus body building firms was the topic
under research study. In Kenya, thousands of vehicles are
involved in vehicle collisions or crashes every year resulting in
fatal accidents and severe injuries to the passengers. The
specific objective was the influence of vehicle inspection
testson crashworthiness of school bus in Nairobi City County.
This study adopted Dym’s, Suh’s Axiomatic theory. The
pragmatic paradigm and explanatory research design were
used. The target population was 1500 respondents from bus
body building firms and government regulatory institutions.
The sample size was 315 respondents. Questionnaires,
interview schedules and observation were data collection
instruments. Expert judgment was used to establish validity of
the questionnaires. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used to
determine the reliability of the research instrument. The data
collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential
analysis with the aid of SPSS V22 software. The coefficient of
determination (R squared) of .206 showing that 20.6% of the
variation in crashworthiness of a bus can be explained by
vehicle inspection tests. There was a positive significant
influence of vehicle inspection tests on crashworthiness of a
bus (β=0.396 and p <0.05). The study concluded that the
vehicle inspection tests had a significant influence on the
crashworthiness of school bus. The management of school bus
body construction companies need to conduct all the terminal
test needed before releasing the vehicle in order to enhance
crashworthiness of a bus. The Transport authority should
examine and check the mandatory requirements and
periodically amend them in accordance with the safety,
engineering and ecological standardization.
This document summarizes the potential health impacts of traffic in Toronto. It finds that traffic is a major source of air pollution in the city, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular illness. Studies show higher risks for those living near major roads. It recommends estimating the disease burden from traffic pollution and considering health impacts in transportation planning. Reducing traffic through policies like congestion charging can improve air quality and health outcomes.
This document discusses the design and analysis of a digital down converter (DDC) for WiMAX applications using MATLAB. It contains the following key points:
1. It describes the functional blocks and design of a DDC, including a mixer, numerically controlled oscillator (NCO), and FIR filter chain.
2. It discusses WiMAX standards and requirements for DDC design in WiMAX systems.
3. It presents the windowing technique for designing FIR filters and compares different window functions to determine the best filter specifications.
This document discusses controlling magnetic flux density in active magnetic bearings. It describes how active magnetic bearings use electromagnets and feedback control loops to levitate and stabilize a rotating shaft without physical contact. Various sensor types are discussed for measuring the displacement of the levitated rotor, including inductive, eddy current, and capacitive sensors. The relationship between actuator current and magnetic force is explained, showing how current controls the flux density and resulting forces in the bearing.
Road safety in India: Challenges and opportunities (2009)Rohit Sharma
The present report was designed to analyze the traffic safety situation in India, and to identify countermeasures for areas in which the total harm caused by crashes can be substantially and readily reduced. The report focuses on two aspects of traffic safety in India: challenges and opportunities. The first part of the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current traffic safety situation in India. It is pointed out in this analysis that fatality rates have increased both on highways and in urban areas during the past few years. Theoretical models suggest that the number of fatalities in India is not likely to start to decline for many years to come unless new policies are implemented. Based on the present analysis, the following six areas are identified as having potential for substantially reducing fatalities in India: (1) pedestrians and other non-motorists in urban areas, (2) pedestrians, other non-motorists, and slow vehicles on highways, (3) motorcycles and small cars in urban areas, (4) over-involvement of trucks
and buses, (5) nighttime driving, and (6) wrong-way drivers on divided highways. The second part of the report outlines several promising countermeasures for each of these
six areas. The third part of the report presents a brief comparison of major traffic safety challenges in India and China.
This document summarizes a study on road crashes and losses in Surat City and Umra, India between 2007-2012. Some key findings:
- Fatal crashes accounted for 18% of total crashes in Umra on average. The majority (77%) of crash victims in Umra were males aged 18-44.
- Total losses due to crashes in Umra decreased from INR 13.8 million in 2007 to INR 3.5 million in 2011 but increased again to INR 5.5 million in 2012 despite fewer total crashes.
- Crashes involving younger age groups (18-44) resulted in greater potential future losses as these groups are major economic contributors.
So in summary, the
The document summarizes current transportation issues in an unnamed city, including rapid growth in traffic due to increased private car usage and poor public transit. This has led to problems like congestion, urbanization, and rising air pollution. Vehicle ownership in the city has nearly doubled over seven years. The document then presents data on the breakdown of vehicles and emissions sources in the city. It uses examples and logic to illustrate how shifting more commuters from private vehicles to public buses could significantly reduce road space usage and congestion. The document ultimately argues that expanding public transit rather than continuing to widen roads is needed to create a more sustainable transportation system and green city.
Strategic Road Safety Plan Review - Questionnaire to WRA Members - Finland Kl...Jaakko Klang
This document provides information from Jaakko Klang of Finland in response to questions about road safety. It discusses Finland's approach to identifying high-risk locations, ranking them publicly, evaluating safety schemes economically, and addressing issues with motorcycle, cyclist, and pedestrian safety. Engineering measures installed to improve safety for these vulnerable road users include traffic calming, separation of motorized and non-motorized traffic, lowered speed limits, clearer markings, and infrastructure designed around users' needs and abilities. The response highlights ongoing issues and the need for further education and enforcement efforts.
Traffic Management And Information Control Centre (TMICC)WaseemAhmad186
The document discusses the objectives and components of a Traffic Management and Information Control Centre (TMICC) in India. The TMICC aims to manage traffic, enforce traffic rules, disseminate travel information to the public, and analyze traffic data. It contains central application software, hardware like video walls and servers, field equipment like traffic signals and CCTV cameras, and utilities like air conditioning. The benefits of a TMICC include improved traffic flow, time savings for commuters, reduced congestion, and lower emissions. Intelligent transportation systems can also be used for applications like electronic toll collection, traffic monitoring, and traveler information systems.
Road Transport in Urban India: Its Implications on HealthRohit Sharma
Urban population in India has increased from 17-31.16%
between 1951 and 2011. Transport sector in India is an extensive system comprising different modes of transport, but road transport is the dominant mode playing an important role in conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. Road transport accounted for 4.7% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010-11.
Although essential for mobility, trade, economic development and growth, integration and social inclusion, there are negative impacts of transportation as well especially that of energy intensive transport.
Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries, deaths and disabilities in India. In 2016, there were over 480,000 road accidents that resulted in over 150,000 deaths. Risk factors include speeding, drink-driving, lack of helmet or seatbelt use, and distracted driving from mobile phone use. Prevention strategies include data collection, safety education programs, promoting safety equipment, strict enforcement of traffic laws, eliminating hazardous road conditions, and improving emergency medical response. The Motor Vehicles Amendment Bill 2017 aims to improve road safety in India by increasing penalties for traffic offenses and mandating safety measures.
Road Accidents India Report - Govt of IndiaRushLane
The document provides statistics on road accidents in India in 2017. Some key findings include:
- There were 464,910 reported road accidents in 2017, claiming 147,913 lives and injuring 470,975 people.
- The number of accidents, injuries, and deaths have declined compared to 2016, continuing a downward trend seen in recent years.
- National Highways accounted for 30.4% of accidents and 36% of deaths, while State Highways saw 25% of accidents and other roads saw 44.6%.
- Common causes of accidents included overspeeding, reckless driving, drunken driving and driving on the wrong side of the road. Safety measures have been introduced but road accidents remain a
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
This document discusses forecasting models for road accident fatalities in India. It aims to analyze historical data on fatalities across five Indian states to understand contributing factors and create a forecast model. Key factors found to influence fatalities include the number of registered vehicles in a state, which showed a direct relationship to fatalities. Rainfall was found to not significantly impact accidents, though road conditions deteriorate in rainy months. States with more extensive road networks and greater government spending on infrastructure tended to experience fewer accidents and fatalities. The objective is to devise an accurate forecasting model using various time series and causality-based methods to help governments allocate resources and create policies to reduce road accidents.
India is facing severe traffic congestion problems in its major cities due to rapid population growth and increased vehicle ownership. The government is taking steps like improving public transportation and investing in infrastructure projects, but traffic continues to worsen. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) use technology to help manage traffic flow. This presentation discusses ITS applications in India like traffic monitoring centers, electronic toll collection, and traveler information systems. It also describes the Traffic Management and Information Control Center (TMICC) which uses sensors and communication networks to enforce traffic rules, monitor traffic, disseminate information to the public, and analyze collected data to improve planning. The goal of ITS and TMICCs is to increase safety, reduce congestion, and enhance
An effective road safety management system covers three linked elements: institutional management functions, interventions and results. All countries should ensure that an effective road safety management system is in place.
The document summarizes a Supreme Court case regarding a writ petition filed by an orthopedic surgeon seeking the court's intervention to address India's road accident crisis. It discusses statistics showing accidents kill over 130,000 Indians annually. It outlines reports and recommendations from government committees on engineering, enforcement, education and emergency care measures needed to curb accidents. These include amending laws, improving infrastructure, emergency response, driver training and public awareness. The petitioner seeks directions implementing these reforms to minimize loss of life from traffic accidents.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
IRJET- Cause and Remedial Measures of Road Traffic Accidents: A Case Study of...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the causes and trends of road traffic accidents in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia from 2013-2017. Some key findings:
- Over speeding and reckless overtaking were the leading causes of accidents, followed by failure to give priority and pedestrian factors.
- Motorcycles accounted for the highest number of accidents, followed by trucks.
- The study developed a multiple nonlinear regression model to analyze the relationship between various contributing factors and accident occurrence.
- Recommendations are made to implement road safety awareness programs, enforcement of traffic laws, improvement of road infrastructure and vehicle safety standards to reduce accidents in the zone.
12 part framework to structure safety assessment for autonomous drivingZiaullah Mirza
The document provides voluntary guidance from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to support the safe development and deployment of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). It outlines 12 safety elements that entities developing ADS should consider, including system safety, object and event detection, fallback procedures, validation methods, cybersecurity, and data recording. The guidance encourages entities to disclose voluntary safety self-assessments and emphasizes that safety remains the top priority for ADS. It is intended to help industry develop best practices without establishing compliance requirements.
The document summarizes key aspects of road safety in Ethiopia, including:
- Institutional roles like the Ministry of Transport and Road Fund Agency.
- Infrastructure issues like increasing the road network but designs prioritizing vehicles over pedestrians and cyclists.
- Vehicle standards exist but focus more on attributes like age not safety.
- Pre-hospital emergency response is inadequate outside Addis Ababa.
- Road crashes are a severe problem, with over 4,500 fatalities in 2018, though actual figures are likely higher due to underreporting. Speeding and not wearing seatbelts or helmets are common causes.
Influence of Vehicle Inspection Tests on Crashworthiness of School Bus in Nai...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The vehicle structure, designs and materials on
school bus body crashworthiness as regulated by different
government agencies in bus body building firms was the topic
under research study. In Kenya, thousands of vehicles are
involved in vehicle collisions or crashes every year resulting in
fatal accidents and severe injuries to the passengers. The
specific objective was the influence of vehicle inspection
testson crashworthiness of school bus in Nairobi City County.
This study adopted Dym’s, Suh’s Axiomatic theory. The
pragmatic paradigm and explanatory research design were
used. The target population was 1500 respondents from bus
body building firms and government regulatory institutions.
The sample size was 315 respondents. Questionnaires,
interview schedules and observation were data collection
instruments. Expert judgment was used to establish validity of
the questionnaires. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used to
determine the reliability of the research instrument. The data
collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential
analysis with the aid of SPSS V22 software. The coefficient of
determination (R squared) of .206 showing that 20.6% of the
variation in crashworthiness of a bus can be explained by
vehicle inspection tests. There was a positive significant
influence of vehicle inspection tests on crashworthiness of a
bus (β=0.396 and p <0.05). The study concluded that the
vehicle inspection tests had a significant influence on the
crashworthiness of school bus. The management of school bus
body construction companies need to conduct all the terminal
test needed before releasing the vehicle in order to enhance
crashworthiness of a bus. The Transport authority should
examine and check the mandatory requirements and
periodically amend them in accordance with the safety,
engineering and ecological standardization.
This document summarizes the potential health impacts of traffic in Toronto. It finds that traffic is a major source of air pollution in the city, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular illness. Studies show higher risks for those living near major roads. It recommends estimating the disease burden from traffic pollution and considering health impacts in transportation planning. Reducing traffic through policies like congestion charging can improve air quality and health outcomes.
This document discusses the design and analysis of a digital down converter (DDC) for WiMAX applications using MATLAB. It contains the following key points:
1. It describes the functional blocks and design of a DDC, including a mixer, numerically controlled oscillator (NCO), and FIR filter chain.
2. It discusses WiMAX standards and requirements for DDC design in WiMAX systems.
3. It presents the windowing technique for designing FIR filters and compares different window functions to determine the best filter specifications.
This document discusses controlling magnetic flux density in active magnetic bearings. It describes how active magnetic bearings use electromagnets and feedback control loops to levitate and stabilize a rotating shaft without physical contact. Various sensor types are discussed for measuring the displacement of the levitated rotor, including inductive, eddy current, and capacitive sensors. The relationship between actuator current and magnetic force is explained, showing how current controls the flux density and resulting forces in the bearing.
Corporate Policy Governance in Secure MD5 Data Changes and Multi Hand Adminis...IOSR Journals
1) The document discusses a proposed approach for collaborative policy administration to securely manage changes to data and allow for multi-user administration.
2) It involves generating public and private keys using multi-user administration, where one member generates a public key and administrators generate private keys. These keys are used to verify and authorize any major data definition language changes.
3) If an intruder tries to modify content, an alert message is sent to administrators via SMTP. This approach aims to prevent malicious modifications while allowing flexible multi-user administration of database systems and applications.
This document provides a comparative perspective on the postgraduate historical research formats of Sudan and Nigeria. Some key differences discussed include:
- In Sudan, original certificates must be authenticated for admission, while this is not required in Nigeria.
- In Nigeria, abstracts cannot be more than one or in another language, while in Sudan abstracts must be provided in both English and Arabic.
- Sudan requires explicitly stating research results and recommendations in the text, while this is not mandatory in Nigeria where historians are not expected to speculate or pass judgment.
- Overall, the document finds some similarities in research stages and requirements but also noteworthy differences in the admission processes and abstract/language requirements between the two countries.
Analysis of failure of Brakes due to leakages of cylinder through CFDIOSR Journals
Today’s world is very fast moving and in this world we all are well understand that the how
important brake is? Effectiveness of braking system are essentials part to avoid accidents and save life. Also
majority of accidents in vehicles are happen due to chassis failure and braking failure. Here I take the subject to
understand the causes of failure of hydraulic brake systems in SUV. The brakes are the most important
active safety of a car and one of its key pieces. However, many drivers do not seem to understand it well.
According to a statistics, about 40% of the defects detected by the ITV correspond to the brakes. It is not enough
to bring the car to the shop when something goes wrong.
Leakage is major problem in TMC. In any case if tmc leak it may leads to accident. So
leakage and performance of tmc is most important. Various parts of tmc such as piston, spring does not leak.
The body of tmc may leak as well seals used in assembly of piston.
In this project the different reasons of leakages are finding and simulation with CFD are carried out
Effect of Industrial Bleach Wash and Softening on the Physical, Mechanical an...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Garments washing is a novel process to impart worn-out look, to modify the appearance and to
improve the comfort ability of the garments. Bleach wash is used to fade the color of denim in a higher degree
as well as bleach wash has effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim also. This paper
presents the impact of bleach wash and subsequent softening treatment on 100% cotton denim dyed with indigo
dye. Garments were washed using a bleach concentration of 10 g/l for 30 minutes in 50oC temperature and then
softened using standard recipe. The physical, mechanical and color properties were analyzed in before wash,
after desizing, after bleaching and after softening. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile
strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color fading. Bleach washed and
softened garments exhibit a great difference in the physical, mechanical and color properties than the unwashed garments. Keywords: Denim, Bleach Wash, Garments Washing, Softening
This document discusses the optimization of parallel condensing in a steam power plant. It begins with background on steam power cycles and condensers, then discusses design criteria for water-cooled and air-cooled condensers. It presents the design procedure for a water-cooled condenser in 10 steps. Graphs analyze operating parameters like turbine exhaust pressure, air velocity, and transverse pitch. It concludes that a parallel condensing system utilizing both water-cooled and air-cooled condensers can reduce capital costs and improve performance compared to solely air-cooled systems, with the optimal mixture depending on water availability.
This document discusses a study on the effectiveness of implementing a pneumatic transport system (PTS) at a large tertiary care hospital in India. The study found that using a PTS saves significant time and manpower compared to the previous human-based transport system. Specifically, the PTS reduced the total time taken for sample transportation and reporting results by 94.6 minutes on average. While PTS provides benefits like faster transport and reduced errors, the study also noted higher installation costs for existing hospital structures. Overall, the study concludes that PTS is an effective alternative to human transport, especially for new hospital planning, though retrofitting can be more expensive.
The document describes a study that investigated using ultrasound as an alternative to traps or poison for repelling and eradicating rodents. Tests were conducted using an ultrasonic repeller on three rodent species: rats, mice, and rabbits. The rodents were observed from a distance when introduced to ultrasound frequencies between 35-50 kHz generated by the repeller. They appeared irritated and tried to escape, showing ultrasound can repel rodents. When caged near the repeller, the rodents became irritated and immobilized. The study concludes ultrasound provides an effective and safer alternative to traditional rodent control methods.
This document summarizes research comparing two types of ground shields for 60GHz on-chip bandpass filters designed using 0.18μm CMOS technology: complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and patterned ground shields. Simulation results showed that the filter using CSRRs as the ground shield produced better performance with an insertion loss of -2.682dB, 3dB bandwidth of 10.8GHz, and center frequency of 56GHz. In comparison, the filter with a patterned ground shield had an insertion loss of -2.77dB and wider 3dB bandwidth of 14GHz but a similar center frequency of 57.5GHz. Both experimental and simulation results agreed reasonably well.
This document describes linking design and manufacturing on a PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) platform. Specifically, an automobile fuel tank cap was modeled in Creo Parametric. An injection mold was then developed for the part. The complete design data was integrated into Windchill PLM software for data and process management. Operations were generated to manufacture the mold cavities and core. The fuel tank cap design was then reviewed in the PLM software by a guest reviewer. This case study demonstrates how PLM software can efficiently manage product design and manufacturing data throughout the entire product lifecycle.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the abrasion resistance of geopolymer concrete at varying temperatures. The paper prepared geopolymer concrete samples using fly ash as the source material and an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Samples were cured at 25°C, 60°C, and 80°C and tested for abrasion resistance at 5-25 minutes using a tile abrasion testing machine. Results showed that abrasion resistance increased with higher curing temperature, with samples cured at 80°C showing the highest resistance. The paper concluded that geopolymer concrete has good abrasion resistance properties and further research is needed on mixtures with higher alkaline liquid ratios.
This document describes an image preprocessing scheme for line detection using the Hough transform in a mobile robot vision system. The preprocessing includes resizing images to 128x96 pixels, converting to grayscale, performing edge detection using Sobel filters, and edge thinning. A newly developed edge thinning method is found to produce images better suited for the Hough transform than other thinning methods. The preprocessed images are then used as input for line detection and the robot's self-navigation system.
This document proposes a new metric for measuring code readability and compares it to existing metrics. It describes collecting rules for readability from software engineers and developing a formula that incorporates these rules. A prototype application was created to apply the new metric and existing metrics (ARI, FOG, SMOG) to code samples. The results of the new metric were compared to readability percentages provided by 50 software engineers for the same samples, and were found to closely match. The new metric provides an automated way to measure code readability.
This document summarizes research on aerodynamic studies of automobile structures. Nine models were designed and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel at velocities of 15m/s, 20m/s, and 25m/s. The models included forward-facing steps, backward-facing steps, and combinations of the two at inclination angles of 90°, 50°, and 30°. Drag coefficients and pressure distributions on the model surfaces were measured. Drag coefficients generally decreased with lower inclination angles and higher velocities. Pressure distributions showed recirculation zones forming near steps, with more zones observed at lower inclination angles. Previous related research on add-ons to reduce vehicle drag and studies of backward-facing step flows are also summarized.
This document summarizes a mobile app called "I Safe Apps" that is designed to enhance women's safety. The app allows women to alert emergency contacts by pushing a single button, which shares the woman's location and sends an alert. It also provides first aid information and instructions. The app aims to address issues like sexual assault and violence against women by allowing easy access to safety features from a mobile device. It stores emergency contact information and sends alerts to those contacts in the event the SOS button is pressed, helping connect women in distress to help.
Influence of soil texture and bed preparation on growth performance in Plectr...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on the influence of soil texture and bed preparation on the growth of Plectranthus vettiveroides. The study found that sandy soil produced the highest growth and yield, with maximum plant height, leaves, biomass, and essential oil content. Sandy soil had better aeration and drainage than other soil types tested. Raised beds of 60 cm height produced the highest root biomass. Beds with coconut husks around the edges and a height of 75 cm resulted in maximum above-ground growth parameters like plant height and shoot biomass. Overall, sandy soil and raised beds of 60-75 cm provide optimal growing conditions for Plectranthus vettiveroides.
This summarizes an academic paper that proposes an automatic ontology creation method for classifying research papers. It uses text mining techniques like classification and clustering algorithms. It first builds a research ontology by extracting keywords and patterns from previous papers. It then uses a decision tree algorithm to classify new papers into disciplines defined in the ontology. The classified papers are then clustered based on similarities to group them. The method was tested on a dataset of 100 papers and achieved average precision of 85.7% for term-based and 89.3% for pattern-based keyword extraction.
This document proposes a methodology for forensic investigation of criminal activity on multitenant cloud web hosting platforms. It presents challenges of investigating crimes in such an environment due to lack of access to physical servers and scattered data across multiple virtual machines and data centers. The proposed architecture uses a MAC Address Derivation Algorithm (MADA) to trace the physical network location of criminals by identifying their IP and MAC addresses from DHCP and firewall logs. When illegal access is detected, the process generates an investigation report by applying MADA to obtain location details based on the user ID of the unauthorized access. This helps law enforcement agencies further investigate cybercrimes on multitenant cloud systems.
The document discusses an improved method for storing feature vectors to detect Android malware. It proposes using a compressed row storage format to efficiently store the statistical features that represent malware families. This involves storing only the non-zero elements of sparse feature matrices in three vectors, which reduces storage needs by 79% compared to conventional methods. This improved storage technique leads to reduced processing time for feature vector generation and malware detection overall. The proposed method aims to enhance Android malware analysis by making feature vector searches and classification faster.
The document discusses road accidents in India and methods to reduce them using Six Sigma methodologies. It notes that road accidents have significantly increased in India in recent decades. Various statistics about road accidents from 2002-2011 are presented, showing increases in total accidents, deaths, and injuries over that period. Major causes of road accidents discussed include speeding, drunken driving, distractions, and ignoring traffic lights. Reducing these unsafe behaviors through improved safety measures and traffic management could help lower India's high rate of road accident deaths and injuries.
Survey on Enhancing Accident Safety: Technological SolutionsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using IoT and deep learning technologies to enhance accident safety. It discusses how IoT sensors can detect factors like alcohol consumption and drowsiness in real-time and how deep learning algorithms can analyze data to predict accidents. The document reviews literature on different technological solutions for accident prevention, including alcohol detection systems that use sensors to monitor drivers and prevent intoxicated driving. It highlights the potential of integrating IoT and deep learning to develop comprehensive accident prevention and detection systems.
This document summarizes a case study on motorcycle accidents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study found that motorcycle transport has grown in Tanzania and is an important form of employment and transportation, especially for youth. However, motorcycle accidents have also increased and are a major cause of death and injury. The study examined accident data and causes in three districts in Dar es Salaam through surveys of motorcyclists and passengers. It found that most accidents are caused by traffic violations and alcohol use. Recommendations include stricter licensing requirements for motorcyclists, safety training, and public education campaigns to reduce accidents.
A Mobile Based Application for Journey SafetyIOSRjournaljce
Journey is an inseparable part of human life which is responsible for human civilization development.Worldwide a large portion of population daily travel for work, shopping, social reasons and many other purposes. Nowadays road accidents, hijacking, robbery, snatching, trap of fraud parties have increased in such a level that people are always concerned about the security and safety of life as well as property during journey. In maximum cases vehicle drivers are found involved with these incidents and victims can’t complain to the related authority due to the lack of evidence.Also law enforcement agencies is unable to take proper action against these crimes due to the scarcity of adequate information. Women empowerment and their development is also lagging behind because of insecurity. In past few decades uses of mobile phones has increased enormously. Due to the rapid growth of mobile technology, smartphones are equipped with features likesensors, GPS navigation, digital camera, high speed internet connectivity and many more. Using these sophisticated features of smartphones, an application can be developed to overcome these problems of people and provide safety. Aim of this paper is to design a mobile application called ‘Journey Safety’ to overcome dangers mentioned above during journey and ensure complete safety.
Road safety and accident prevention in IndiaRohit Sharma
Road accidents are a human tragedy. They involve high human suffering and monetary costs in terms of untimely deaths, injuries and loss of potential income. Although we have undertaken many initiatives and are implementing various road safety improvement program the overall situation as revealed by data is far from satisfactory. During the calendar year 2010, there were close to 5 lakh road accidents in India, which resulted in more than 1.3 lakh persons. These numbers translate intone road accident every minute, and one road accident death every 4 minutes. Unfortunately, more than half the victims are in the economically active age group of 25-65 years. The loss of the main bread winner can be catastrophic.
Road traffic accidents are amenable to remedial action. Many a countries have curbed the menace of road accidents by
adopting a multipronged approach to road safety that encompasses broad range of measures, such as, traffic management, design and quality of road infrastructure, application of intelligent transport system, safer vehicles, law enforcement, effective and quick accident response and care etc. The Government alone cannot tackle road safety problems. There is a need for active involvement of all stake- holders to promote policy reform and implementation of road safety measures.
Addressing road safety is comprehensive manner underscores the need to involve multiple agencies and sectors like health, transport and police. The present study provides the magnitude and various dimensions of road accident in India. The analysis on road accidents in this study will help to create awareness, guidelines and assist in informed decision making on road safety.
1) Road accidents are a major global epidemic, killing over 1.2 million people per year which is projected to become the third leading cause of death by 2020. Developing countries disproportionately experience higher rates of road deaths compared to vehicle ownership.
2) Common causes of traffic collisions include speeding, impaired driving from alcohol/drugs, lack of seatbelt use, driver distraction or impairment from age/fatigue. These accidents have significant economic and social costs for individuals and countries.
3) Solutions to improve road safety include better road infrastructure like barriers and markings, advanced safety systems in vehicles, and more efficient transportation systems to reduce congestion and conflicts between modes of travel. Stricter enforcement of traffic laws
Epidemiology, prevention and control of road traffic accidentsDr.Hemant Kumar
Road traffic accidents are a major public health issue globally and in India. Some key points:
- Globally, over 1 million people die each year from road accidents, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Low and middle income countries experience over 90% of deaths despite having less than half the registered vehicles.
- In India, over 140,000 people die annually from road accidents, the highest in the world. Major causes include speeding, drunk driving, non-use of safety equipment. 3% of India's GDP is lost annually to road accidents.
- The WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013 found that only 28 countries have adequate laws addressing speeding, drunk driving, helmet and seatbelt
This document discusses road traffic accidents (RTAs) and provides background information on their epidemiology, prevention, and control. Some key points:
- RTAs are a major public health issue globally and in India, causing over 1 million deaths annually worldwide and over 100,000 in India. They disproportionately impact males of working age.
- Common causes of RTAs include speeding, drunk driving, and lack of safety measures like seatbelts. Vulnerable groups like pedestrians and motorcyclists account for half of global RTA deaths.
- India has a high and growing rate of RTAs relative to population growth due to rapid motorization and lack of safety policies. Karnataka state reported
The document discusses the role of corporates in promoting road safety in India. It notes that road accidents cost the Indian economy billions each year. It outlines the key stakeholders involved in road safety efforts, including government agencies, educational institutions, media, police, health services, transport authorities, insurance companies and corporates. The document suggests road safety measures corporates can implement at the employee level, corporate level and for third parties to help reduce accidents and support broader road safety initiatives.
The fatality of traffic accidents of the world population is approximately 1.2 million people every year. According to the World Health Organization(2004), related injuries from road incidents will rank 3rd for global burden of disease in 2030. In order to tackle traffic accidents effectively, one needs to analyse their traffic pattern. The traffic accident black spot programme is developed from analysis of traffic accidents (Chris’s Britain Road Directory, 2017). Black spot or black site refers to area with high traffic accident risk. In 1955, the UK first introduced an unprecedented type of traffic sign – Accident Black Spot Sign (The National Archives, 2017). Since then, more and more Commonwealth countries followed the UK to promote and develop their own black spot investigations. In this paper, I will first explain why traffic accidents occurs and common determination methods of black spots. After that, I will present the current situation of Hong Kong.
Analysis of Traffic Law Violations and Traffic Accidents with their Enforceme...AI Publications
More than about 1.24 million of people killed each year due to road traffic crashes worldwide. Out of these deaths, more than one fifth occur among pedestrians Promoting the level of road traffic law enforcement plays a great role in reducing traffic crashes. For assessing of traffic law enforcement, the registered data of traffic violation for the years 2015-2017 were taken from the Traffic Police Department to describe the activities of traffic police personnel in enforcing traffic laws. The violations were categorized into four groups: -those related to driving, vehicle, parking and others, and Traffic Law Enforcement into safety and other traffic law enforcement activities. The types of vehicles involved in the violations were categorized as cars, small load vehicles, motor-cycles, Bajaj and other. Traffic Police had registered a total of 77 traffic-law violation in the year 2015,65 in the year 2016, and 86 in the year 2017. Driving violation was the highest registered violation in the three years, and it was slightly higher in 2017. The categories of cars and small load vehicles were the highest registered vehicles in number of violations with in the three years. For motorized two wheeler vehicles the highest number of registered violation in the three years were the one that related to driving. Out of all vehicle related and other violations were registered more commonly for cars in 2015 and 2016 respectively. From the registered violations, parking related violation was occurred only in 2017. The safety related traffic law enforcement was 89.96 % of the total traffic law enforcement activity.
Traffic Accident Data Profiling and Clusteringwith Data Mining ProcessIOSR Journals
1) The document analyzes traffic accident data from Nigeria to profile clusters of high-risk and low-risk traffic roads and understand characteristics connected to injury severity and death.
2) It applies data mining techniques to model accident records and extract patterns relating driver behavior, road conditions, and weather to accident risks.
3) Key findings include differentiating accident risks by age group, period, and road type. High-risk roads were identified for targeted safety policies.
An analysis of the incidence and causes of road traffic accident in Kisii, Ce...iosrphr_editor
Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an emerging public health problem. It is estimated that more than 5 million people between 17-40 years of age die annually as a result of RTAs worldwide. Currently, RTA is the tenth leading cause of disease burden in the developing countries, especially in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of the study was to analyze the proportion of accidents by vehicle, as well as investigate group of people vulnerable to RTA.
FATAL ROAD ACCIDENTS IN METRO PLUS CITY OF INDIAPraveen Mukati
The document discusses road accidents in Tamil Nadu, India. It finds that road accidents have significantly increased in metropolitan cities due to rising populations and economic growth. In Tamil Nadu specifically, accidents have risen due to increased motorization, with four-wheel vehicles and two-wheelers causing the majority of accidents. The objectives of the study are to analyze the causes of accidents, severity of accidents, types of vehicles involved, and develop safety measures. The research methodology includes collecting secondary accident data from government sources to analyze trends and characteristics. The findings suggest the need for improved road safety management and policies to address the rising accidents in Tamil Nadu.
The document discusses how a combination of community policing and information and communication technology (ICT) can be used to promote road safety in Uganda through changes in driver behavior and attitudes. It proposes a system where community members can use SMS to report unsafe driving to a central police database. This allows real-time tracking of offenders and could help enforce regulations by providing harsher punishments for repeat offenses, acting as a deterrent. The system is intended to empower community members and encourage safer driving by creating the perception of constant monitoring.
Chapter -I Introduction of Road Safety by Dr.Makendran Cmakendran1
This document discusses road safety and accident analysis in Ethiopia. It defines key terms related to transportation engineering and road safety. It discusses factors that influence road safety such as human behavior, vehicle design, and roadway design. It identifies common causes of accidents in Ethiopia such as speeding, failure to yield to pedestrians, and lack of enforcement. The objectives of road safety engineering are outlined as well as methods to achieve those objectives like road safety audits.
Road traffic accidents and their impact on economic growth in Mogadishu, SomaliaIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the causes and economic impacts of road traffic accidents in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study used questionnaires and interviews with drivers, pedestrians, accident victims, and business owners in Mogadishu. It found that the level of accidents in Mogadishu is very high and causing loss of lives and property damage. Key factors contributing to accidents included night driving, narrow roads, and poor road construction and planning. It was determined that vehicle repair costs and medical costs have the highest economic impact. The study recommends improving road conditions, designs, and enforcement of traffic laws to reduce accidents in Mogadishu.
IRJET- A Review Study on Road Accident in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document reviews road accidents in India. It discusses that road traffic accidents claim over 1 million lives worldwide each year, making it a leading cause of death according to the WHO. In India, factors like rapid motorization without sufficient road safety measures have led to high road accident rates. The key causes of road accidents in India are identified as human factors (reckless driving, drunken driving), environmental factors (poor road quality, lighting), and vehicle-related factors (poorly maintained vehicles). Solutions proposed include better enforcement of traffic rules, driver training programs, vehicle safety standards, and improved road infrastructure to reduce accidents in India.
Road Accident Analysis and Prevention in Nigeria: Experimental and Numerical ...IJASRD Journal
This paper empirically analysed road accident and its prevention in Nigeria. Data for road traffic crashes trend was sourced from Federal Road Safety Corps in Nigeria from 1960 - 2017. The data was tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, while the co-integration was conducted using Johansen’s methodology. Least Square estimate was employed for the empirical analysis. The results show that there is long run equilibrium relationship between total number of casualties, total number of fatal cases and total number of minor cases of accidents in Nigeria. The results show that there is positive and significant relationship between fatal cases, severe cases and total number of casualties, while minor cases have negative and significant relationship with total number of casualties. The study therefore recommends that government should invest massively in road transportation infrastructure in order to repair dilapidated roads, expand narrow roads and construct new ones. Government should legislate and enforce installation of speed limit devices for all vehicles operating on Nigerian roads to reduce reckless speeding on the highways which will definitely reduce total number of accidents and casualties on Nigerian roads.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
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E1304032533
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. III (Jul. - Aug. 2016), PP 25-33
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 25 | Page
Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum
State (Republic of Sudan)
Abdelaziz Hassan Abdelrazig¹, Sharafeldeen Ibrahim Bannaga²,Adil. A. M
Elhassan³, Sami Abdullah Osman4
1
Lecturer. Sudan University of Science & Technology, College of Engineering,
2
Associate prof. Sudan University of Science & Technology, College of Engineering,
3
Assitant prof. Sudan University of Science & Technology, College of Architecture and Planning, Sudan,
4
Associate prof. Sudan University of Science & Technology, College of Engineering,
Abstract: The problem of traffic accidents is one of the important problems, serious and common among all
countries of the world, especially developing countries. In this study it was to identify the causes of traffic
accidents in Khartoum state and ways to minimize them, and has been the identification of dangerous locations
where accidents abound within the state according to the annual report of the traffic accidents and violations,
issued by the General Directorate of Traffic, and it has been monitoring the speeds of sites where repeated
traffic accidents on them, has also been the performance of some elements of traffic safety of this roads. The
researcher designing and distributing a questionnaire to get feedback from different segments of society about
what are the causes of traffic accidents and what are the most successful ways to reduce them and see how the
application of traffic safety in the state of Khartoum, and the questionnaire were analyzed using statistical
analysis software SPSS. The study found suggestions of possible solutions to improve traffic safety level of roads
in the state of Khartoum.
Keywords: Traffic accidents, Roads, Traffic safety
I. Introduction
Over 1.2 million people die each year on the world’s roads, with millions more sustaining serious
injuries and living with long-term adverse health consequences. Globally, road traffic crashes are a leading
cause of death among young people, and the main cause of death among those aged 15–29 years (Fig. 1) [1].
Road traffic injuries are currently estimated to be the ninth leading cause of death across all age groups globally,
and are predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 .This rise is driven by the escalating
death toll on roads in low- and middle-income countries – particularly in emerging economies where
urbanization and motorization accompany rapid economic growth. In many of these countries, necessary
infrastructural developments, policy changes and levels of enforcement have not kept pace with vehicle use. In
contrast, many high-income countries have managed to break the link between rising motorization and road
traffic deaths, with some managing to dramatically reduce such deaths. These achievements are the result of
making infrastructure safer, improving the safety of vehicles, and implementing a number of other interventions
known to be effective at reducing road traffic injuries. Having good quality data to monitor the impact of these
efforts is also critical to demonstrating their success [1]. In addition to deaths on the roads, up to 50 million
people incur nonfatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect
health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic. As vehicle ownership grows, many
countries face the twin problems of traffic congestion and rising vehicle tailpipe emissions, resulting in higher
rates of respiratory illness. Rising car ownership has also resulted in reduced physical activities such as walking
and cycling, with associated health consequences [1].
Fig. 1: Top ten causes of death among people aged 15–29 years, 2012
2. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 26 | Page
The risk of dying as a result of a road traffic injury is highest in the African Region and lowest in the
European Region (Fig. 2). Nonetheless, there are significant disparities in road traffic fatality rates between
countries in the same region, with the European Region showing the greatest differences [2].
Fig. 2: Road traffic deaths per 100 000 population, by WHO region
Half of the world’s road traffic deaths occur among pedestrians (22%), bicyclists (5%) and
motorcyclists (23%) – i.e. “vulnerable road users”. However, there are significant differences regarding who is
most at risk by country income status and by region. In the African Region, where walking and bicycling are
important forms of mobility, a high proportion of deaths (38%) occur among pedestrians. In contrast, in many
Western Pacific countries where motorcycles are used frequently, 36% of road traffic deaths are among
motorized two- and three-wheelers [2]. Since the society in Sudan - Khartoum state is suffering like all other
societies of the problem of high rates of road accidents and the resulting incidents of human and economic
losses. And it became traffic accidents represent a most significant issues and problems faced by the residents of
the state of Khartoum. The state of Khartoum occupied the highest level of Sudan for road accidents; the rate of
accidents has reached to about 53.9% of which occurs in all states of Sudan [3 - 6]. From Fig. 3 it is clear that
the year 2010 has the highest percentage of deaths due to traffic accidents since the year 2010 to 2014 began a
number of death accidents continues to drop.
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Death 254 237 294 272 305 352 416 471 416 462 519 651 648 748 758 810 841 891 821 768 677 709
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
NumberofpersonaldeathsinKhartoum(1993-2014)
Fig. 3: A number of personal deaths in Khartoum state (1993-2014)
II. Research Objectives
The main objectives of this research are summarized on the followings points:
Identify the causes of traffic accidents the state of Khartoum - Sudan.
The extent of the traffic safety application on both the vehicle and the road and road users.
What are the most successful ways to reduce the number of traffic accidents in Khartoum state
3. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 27 | Page
III. methodology of the study
The methodology of this research relied on two aspects, the first theoretical side and the other is the
practical side, the theoretical side includes the collection of information and theoretical data from various global
reports related to traffic accidents, but the practical side has relied on the distribution and analysis of
questionnaires to a selected sample of the various sectors of the Sudanese society in the state of Khartoum.
Axes of questionnaire questions:
Personal Information
Cause of traffic accident
Application of traffic safety – Vehicle
Application of traffic safety – Road
The behavior of road user
Deferent questions
IV. discussion of the results
Section I: Personal data
The questionnaire results of section I (includes personal information such as Gender, Age, Marital
Status, Educational level, own a vehicle, have availed driver's license, have been a traffic accident, were showed
in the Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7, Fig.8, Fig.9 & Fig.10. A percentage of 91% of the targeted sample were male,
while 9% of the sample were female have shown in Fig.4. Fig.5 shows, the percentage of 54 % of the targeted
sample were age between (30 to 40), 28% between (20 to 30), 11% between (40 to 50), 07% more than 50 year,
Fig.6 shows, a percentage 57 % of the targeted sample is married, 43% of them is not married. Fig.7 shows, a
percentage of 73 % of targeted sample is graduate studies level, 15 % post graduate and 12% secondary studies
level. Fig.8 shows, a percentage of 66 % of targeted sample is own a vehicle, 34% don’t have a vehicle. Fig.9
shows, a percentage of 93 % of targeted sample is have availed driver's license, 07% don’t have an availed
driver's license. Fig.10 shows, a percentage of 42 % of targeted sample is have been a traffic accident, 58%
don’t have been ever a traffic accident.
Male Female
91
9
Gender
Lessthan 20 20to 30 30to 40 40to 50 Morethan
50
0
28
54
11
7
Age
Fig. 4: Personal information (gender) Fig. 5: Personal information (Age)
Married Unmarried
57
43
MaritalStatus
Unenlightened Primary Secondary Graduate Postgraduate
0 0
12
73
15
EducationLevel
Fig. 6: Personal information (Marital Status) Fig. 7: Personal information (Education Level)
Yes No
64
36
Doyou own or drive a car?
Yes No
93
7
Doyou have a valid driver's license ?
Fig. 8: Personal information (Owning a vehicle) Fig. 9:Personal information (driver's license)
4. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 28 | Page
Yes No
42
58
Have you everbeen a traffic accident?
Fig. 10: Personal information (traffic accident)
Section II: Causes of traffic accidents
The questionnaire results of section II (includes the Causes of traffic accidents), were showed in the
Fig.11. We find A percentage of 100 % of the targeted sample were unanimous that it is a major cause of traffic
accidents is Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs, Driving with fatigue or drowsiness or disease,
Reckless driving. A percentage of 95 % for Lack of respect for traffic signals and traffic rules, 90% for Driving
during the rain and strong winds, 89% for Driving too fast, 88% for Wrong overtaking.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Driving
toofast
Driving
under
the
influenc
eof
alcohol
and
drugs
Driving
with
fatigue
or
drowsin
essor
disease
Driving
during
therain
and
strong
winds
Reckles
s
Driving
Using
hand
phone
while
driving
Eating
and
drinking
while
driving
Using
headph
onesor
higher
recorde
dvoise
Lackof
respect
for
traffic
signals
and
traffic
rules
Wrong
overtaki
ng
Narrow
streets
Defects
onthe
streets
(for
exampl
e,crack
sand
holes
....etc.)
Mainte
nance
workon
the
street
Thereis
no
adequat
e
lighting
for
night
Thereis
no
traffic
signsat
the
intersec
tions
Thereis
no
pedestri
an
crossing
lines
Thelack
of
traffic
culture
ofroad
users
(drivers
and
pedestri
ans)
LogIn
some
animals
forthe
Rightof
Way
Major 89 100 100 90 100 72 51 82 95 88 75 50 66 39 80 70 75 40
Secondary 11 0 0 10 0 20 39 18 5 12 25 45 31 41 20 20 25 60
Notreason 0 0 0 0 0 8 10 0 0 0 0 5 3 20 0 10 0 0
CausesofTrafficaccidents
Fig.11: Causes of Traffic Accidents
Section III: Application of traffic safety – Vehicle
The questionnaire results of section III (includes the Application of traffic safety – Vehicle), were
shoed in the Fig.12. We found a percentage of 100 % of the targeted sample they have a Seat belt, Brakes and
the handbrake work well, Mirrors (right, left, and center), Spare wheel and Hag and the key wheel. A percentage
of 97 % they have Interior door locks, 95 % they have Signals (right, left, huzer, long, short), 95 % they have
Internal indicators (for fuel, heat, oil, speedometer, etc. ....). we also find that 100% of the targeted sample they
don’t have Fire-resistant mattresses, Door locking systems in the case of the coup, 98% they don’t have Child
seats, 97% they don’t have hand lamp (Flashlight), 95% they don’t have Airbags.
5. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 29 | Page
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Seatbelt Brakes
andthe
handbrak
eworks
well.
Tires(you
takeinto
account
the
size,type
andyear
of
productio
n).
Lamps(in
termsof
clarity,col
orand
lighting
level).
Signals
(right,left,
huzer,lon
g,short)
Mirrors
(right,left,
center)
Rain
cleaners
Interior
doorlocks
Internal
indicators
(for
fuel,heat,
oil,speed
ometer,et
c.....)
Head
restraints
Child
seats
Airbags Spare
wheel
Hagand
thekey
wheel
Fire
extinguish
er
Firstaid
kit
Triangle
reflector
handlamp
(Flashlight
)
Fire-
resistant
mattresse
s
Door
locking
systemsin
thecase
ofthe
coup
Yes 100 100 75 78 95 100 86 97 88 7 2 5 100 100 85 6 12 3 0 0
No 0 0 25 22 5 0 14 3 12 93 98 95 0 0 15 94 88 97 100 100
Arethefollowingmeansarepresentandusedinyourcar?
Fig.12: Application of traffic safety – Vehicle
Section IV: Application of traffic safety – Road
The questionnaire results of section IV (includes the Application of traffic safety – Road), were showed
in the Fig.13. We find a percentage of 100 % of the targeted sample they say that these items are not available;
Right of Way enough for future expansion, There are lines crossing for pedestrians at intersections. 95% they
say there are no side protection bars in sharp curves, there are no roundabout and it's bad designed, bad roads
and is defective holes and cracks and other. 90% they say the Number of traffic lanes is not enough to traffic in
coming and going.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Widthof
roads
inadequate
(lane
greater
than3.5
meters).
Number of
traffic
lanesis
enoughto
trafficin
coming
andgoing.
Thereare
medianto
separate
trafficfrom
eachother
Thereare
side
protection
barsin
sharp
curves
Rightof
Way
enoughfor
future
expansion
There
adequate
night
lighting
There
edges
determine
thewidth
ofthe road
(Curb)
There
shoulderto
stopcarsin
theevent
of
malfunctio
nsor for a
rideand
getoff
There
Slope
longitudina
land
transverse
onthe
roadsto
divertrain
fromthe
road
surface
Theredrain
longitudina
lrainwater
Traffic
signsare
available in
allthe
streets
Thereare
traffic
lightsat all
intersectio
ns and it's
well
designed
Thereare
rount
aboutand
it'swell
designed
Thereare
lines
crossingfor
pedestrian
sat
intersectio
ns
Aregood
routesand
isnot
defective
holesand
cracksand
other
Yes 20 10 31 5 0 20 30 50 13 15 43 20 5 100 5
No 80 90 69 95 100 80 70 50 87 85 57 80 95 0 95
ArethefollowingmeansavailableinroadsthataregoinginKhartoum?
Fig.13: Application of traffic safety – Road
6. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 30 | Page
• Section V: The behavior of road user
The questionnaire results of section V (includes the behavior of road user), were showed in the Fig.14.
We find a percentage of 100 % of the targeted sample they say I never interfere with car safety equipment, I
check before reversing, will be attentive at intersections and I gave the incorrect signals when changing
direction. We also find that 99% of the targeted sample they say not turn off vehicle engine and mobile when
refueling.90% of the targeted sample they talking by mobile while driving.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Commi
tted to
linking
aseat
beltat
all
times
Adher
ence
to the
specifi
ed
speed
Idon't
never
talk by
mobile
while
driving
Idrive
defens
ively
NOT
aggres
sively
Iget
my car
regular
lyto
the
service
station
Idon't
let
others
frustra
tedme
while
driving
Idon't
driveif
Itired
Idon't
driving
at
night
Inever
interfe
rewith
car
safety
equip
ment
Icheck
before
reversi
ng
Iturn
off
vehicle
engine
and
mobile
When
refue…
Idon't
eator
drink
while
driving
Adher
ence
to the
traffic
laws of
the
signs
and…
I
concen
trate
and
prepar
edat
all
times.
will be
attenti
veat
interse
ctions
Igave
the
incorre
ct
signals
when
changi
ng…
Ihave
agood
backgr
ound
for
vehicle
mecha
nics…
Yes 55 75 10 75 80 65 80 15 100 100 1 90 57 82 100 100 74
No 45 25 90 25 20 35 20 85 0 0 99 10 43 18 0 0 26
Areyou application the following behavior as a user of the road?
Yes
No
Fig.14: The behavior of road user
• Section VI: Deferent questions
The questionnaire results of section VI (includes what is the punishment that supports and believes it
helps to apply traffic safety? Who is responsible for the application of traffic safety?, What are the best methods
to control traffic?, What is a technique that supports to increase traffic awareness?, Is there an indulgence in the
extraction and renewal of driving licenses?, Do you look at the traffic law for 2010?, Do you agree that the
retirement age for the age pension is the withdrawal of driving license and Are you interested in traffic safety on
the roads), were showed in the Fig.15, Fig.16, Fig.17, Fig.18, Fig.19, Fig.20 Fig.21and Fig.22.
We found a percentage of 72 % of the targeted sample they supports punishment by increase financial
fine. 100% of the targeted sample they say the application of traffic safety responsible for Traffic police,
Vehicle driver and Road Engineering. 100% they say the best methods to control traffic are Surveillance
Cameras, Radar and The spread of policemen. 52% they say the technique that supports to increase traffic
awareness is TV and radio programs. 77% they say there is an indulgence in the extraction and renewal of
driving licenses. 92% don’t look at the traffic law for 2010. 98% they agree that the retirement age for the age
pension is the withdrawal of driving license. 100% of the targeted sample they interested in traffic safety on the
roads.
What is the punishment that supports and believes it
helps to apply traffic safety?
Increase financial fine
Pull the license for a
specified period
accordingto the violation
prison
Fig.15: Result of question (What is the punishment that supports and believes it helps to apply traffic safety?)
7. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page
who isresponsible for the applicationof traffic safety?
Traffic police Vehicle driver Road Engineering All
Fig.16: Result of question (Who is responsible for the application of traffic safety?)
Surveillance
Cameras
Radar The spread of
policemen
All
0 0 0
100
What are the best method to control traffic?
Fig.17: Result of question (What is the best method to control traffic?)
52
7
15
26
TV andradio programs seminars andlectures magazines, brochures and
leaflets
a writtenand oral exam when
renewing the license
What is a technique that supports toincrease traffic
awareness?
Fig.18: Result of question (What is a technique that supports to increase traffic awareness?)
YES
77%
NO
23%
Is there any indulgence in the extraction and
renewalof driving licenses?
Fig.19: Result of question (Is there an indulgence in the extraction and renewal of driving licenses?)
8. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page
YES
8%
NO
92%
Do you look at the traffic law for 2010?
Fig.20: Result of question (Do you look at the traffic law for 2010?)
YES
98%
NO
2%
Do you agree that the retirement age forthe age
pension is the withdrawal of driving license?
Fig.21: Result of question (Do you agree that the retirement age for the age pension is the withdrawal of driving
license?)
YES NO
100
0
Are youinterestedintraffic safety onthe roads
Fig. 22: Result of question (Are you interested in traffic safety on the roads?)
V. Conclusion
By analyzing the results of the questionnaire, the results of the study are summarized as follows: -
Top ten causes of traffic Accidents in Khartoum – Sudan is (1.Reckless Driving, 2.Driving with fatigue or
disease, 3.Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs, 4.Lack of respect for traffic signals and traffic
rules, 5.Driving during the rain and strong winds, 6. Driving too fast, 7. Wrong overtaking, 8. Using
headphones or higher recorded voice, 9. no traffic signs at the intersections, 10. Narrow streets and the lack
of traffic culture of road users (drivers and pedestrians).
Application of traffic safety on vehicle is applied with percentage of 100 % just at five elements from 20
elements (25%); 1.Seat belt, 2.Brakes and the handbrake work well, 3.Mirrors (right, left, and center),
4.Spare wheel and 5.Hag and the key wheel. And don’t applied with percentage of 100 % just at two
element from 20 elements (10%); 1.Fire-resistant mattresses, 2.Door locking systems in the case of the
coup. And applied partially for other elements.
Application of traffic safety on roads is applied with percentage of 0 %. And don’t applied with two
element from 15 elements (13.3%); percentage of 100 % of the targeted sample they say that these items are
9. Towards Reducing the Number of Traffic Accidents in Khartoum State (Republic of Sudan)
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1304032533 www.iosrjournals.org 33 | Page
not available; 1.Right of Way enough for future expansion, 2.There are lines crossing for pedestrians at
intersections. And applied partially for other elements.
Behavior of road user is applied just at four elements from 17 elements (23.5%); a percentage of 100 % of
the targeted sample they say 1. I never interfere with car safety equipment, 2. I check before reversing, 3.
Will be attentive at intersections 4. I gave the incorrect signals when changing direction. And applied
partially for other elements.
We find a percentage of 72 % of the targeted sample they supports punishment by increase financial fine.
100% of the targeted sample they say the application of traffic safety responsible for Traffic police, Vehicle
driver and Road Engineering. 100% they say the best methods to control traffic are Surveillance Cameras,
Radar and The spread of policemen. 52% they say the technique that supports to increase traffic awareness
is TV and radio programs. 77% they say there is an indulgence in the extraction and renewal of driving
licenses. 92% don’t look at the traffic law for 2010. 98% they agree that the retirement age for the age
pension is the withdrawal of driving license. 100% of the targeted sample they interested in traffic safety on
the roads.
References
[4] WHO, ed. (2015). "Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015"
[5] WHO, ed. (2013). "Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013"
[6] Annual report of the traffic accidents and violations issued by the General Directorate of Traffic, Sudan 2015.
[7] WHO, ed. (2015). "Deaths on the roads: Based on the WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015" (PDF) (official report).
Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO).
[8] World Health Organization. Socioeconomic differences in injury risks. A review of the findings and a discussion of potential
countermeasures. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
[9] World Health Organization. World report on road traffic injury prevention Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.