Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
ISO 50001 is an international standard for energy management systems that provides a framework to help organizations improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and achieve energy performance targets. It establishes requirements for developing and implementing an energy policy, setting objectives and action plans, monitoring energy use, and reviewing performance. The standard is intended to help organizations manage energy use across their operations and supply chains.
Energy Management Systems: Recommendations for decision makersGimélec
The document discusses implementing an Energy Management System (EMS) to improve energy efficiency in buildings. An EMS allows continuous tracking of energy consumption and costs. It collects and analyzes consumption data to monitor performance, identify savings opportunities, and support decision making. The EMS helps reduce energy expenditures by 5-15% by raising stakeholder awareness and uniting teams around continual improvement. Implementing an EMS is an important part of an energy management program and improves management at all stages from diagnosis to operations.
The document outlines the key aspects of the ISO 50001 energy management standard, including developing an energy policy and objectives, planning how to meet objectives through an energy management plan, implementing and operating the plan, monitoring performance and management review to continually improve energy use. It discusses establishing a management team, conducting energy assessments, creating documentation like an energy manual, and conducting audits to certify the energy management system.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for establishing an energy management system according to Chinese and international standards. It discusses China's goal of reducing energy consumption and the benefits of energy management systems. Key points include establishing management commitment to energy efficiency, creating an energy policy, designating an energy manager, conducting energy audits and implementing energy saving practices for large energy systems. The document aims to help small and medium enterprises in China improve energy management and reduce costs.
The scope for energy savings from energy managementLeonardo ENERGY
Energy management is a structured process through which organisations seek to optimise their energy use and whose definition and practice is codified through standards such as EN ISO 50001. It is an essential tool to deliver systemic level savings in how energy using capital is chosen and deployed but also, and importantly, with respect to how that capital is actually operated and managed. Despite its importance to overcome some of the more intractable barriers to energy efficiency it has received relatively modest attention within EU policy portfolios.
This document discusses energy management and ISO 50001, an international standard for energy management systems. It provides an overview of global energy trends showing increasing demand, the benefits organizations have realized from effective energy management in cost savings, and the key elements of an energy management system based on ISO 50001 including establishing baselines and goals, implementing action plans, monitoring performance, and continually improving the system. ISO 50001 provides a framework to help organizations systematically improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.
This document summarizes a talk on energy management. It discusses how energy management involves planning, organizing, executing, monitoring and controlling energy use through an integrated process. An energy audit analyzes how energy is used and identifies opportunities for improved efficiency. Metrics like energy used per unit of production are key to energy management. Standards like ISO 50001 provide guidelines for establishing energy management systems. Regular measurement and monitoring are essential to demonstrate continual energy performance improvement.
The document discusses how increasing focus on sustainable production is driving the need for more energy efficient industrial processes. It examines strategies for improving energy efficiency that focus on equipment, processes, and operator engagement. The document argues that an "energy-aware" distributed control system (DCS) that integrates energy and production data can help industries better understand their energy usage, identify inefficiencies, and implement targeted changes to achieve significant energy savings.
ISO 50001 is an international standard for energy management systems that provides a framework to help organizations improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and achieve energy performance targets. It establishes requirements for developing and implementing an energy policy, setting objectives and action plans, monitoring energy use, and reviewing performance. The standard is intended to help organizations manage energy use across their operations and supply chains.
Energy Management Systems: Recommendations for decision makersGimélec
The document discusses implementing an Energy Management System (EMS) to improve energy efficiency in buildings. An EMS allows continuous tracking of energy consumption and costs. It collects and analyzes consumption data to monitor performance, identify savings opportunities, and support decision making. The EMS helps reduce energy expenditures by 5-15% by raising stakeholder awareness and uniting teams around continual improvement. Implementing an EMS is an important part of an energy management program and improves management at all stages from diagnosis to operations.
The document outlines the key aspects of the ISO 50001 energy management standard, including developing an energy policy and objectives, planning how to meet objectives through an energy management plan, implementing and operating the plan, monitoring performance and management review to continually improve energy use. It discusses establishing a management team, conducting energy assessments, creating documentation like an energy manual, and conducting audits to certify the energy management system.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for establishing an energy management system according to Chinese and international standards. It discusses China's goal of reducing energy consumption and the benefits of energy management systems. Key points include establishing management commitment to energy efficiency, creating an energy policy, designating an energy manager, conducting energy audits and implementing energy saving practices for large energy systems. The document aims to help small and medium enterprises in China improve energy management and reduce costs.
The scope for energy savings from energy managementLeonardo ENERGY
Energy management is a structured process through which organisations seek to optimise their energy use and whose definition and practice is codified through standards such as EN ISO 50001. It is an essential tool to deliver systemic level savings in how energy using capital is chosen and deployed but also, and importantly, with respect to how that capital is actually operated and managed. Despite its importance to overcome some of the more intractable barriers to energy efficiency it has received relatively modest attention within EU policy portfolios.
This document discusses energy management and ISO 50001, an international standard for energy management systems. It provides an overview of global energy trends showing increasing demand, the benefits organizations have realized from effective energy management in cost savings, and the key elements of an energy management system based on ISO 50001 including establishing baselines and goals, implementing action plans, monitoring performance, and continually improving the system. ISO 50001 provides a framework to help organizations systematically improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.
This document summarizes a talk on energy management. It discusses how energy management involves planning, organizing, executing, monitoring and controlling energy use through an integrated process. An energy audit analyzes how energy is used and identifies opportunities for improved efficiency. Metrics like energy used per unit of production are key to energy management. Standards like ISO 50001 provide guidelines for establishing energy management systems. Regular measurement and monitoring are essential to demonstrate continual energy performance improvement.
The document discusses how increasing focus on sustainable production is driving the need for more energy efficient industrial processes. It examines strategies for improving energy efficiency that focus on equipment, processes, and operator engagement. The document argues that an "energy-aware" distributed control system (DCS) that integrates energy and production data can help industries better understand their energy usage, identify inefficiencies, and implement targeted changes to achieve significant energy savings.
This document proposes a new maintenance model for two-component parallel systems that considers energy consumption. The aim is to minimize total costs by obtaining an optimal maintenance policy. It compares the proposed policy to a traditional policy that ignores energy usage. Simulation results show the new policy achieves lower long-term expected costs, even when energy inspection costs equal deterioration inspection costs. The new policy also performs better across different degradation variations and running speeds. Considering energy efficiency in maintenance decision-making can help companies reduce costs and achieve sustainable development.
The document discusses collecting and analyzing energy usage data within a company. It explains that the goals are to [1] establish an energy database to optimize energy management, [2] identify weaknesses and savings potentials, and [3] describe the company's annual energy situation and benchmarks. Key aspects covered include gathering data on energy supply, conversion, distribution, utilization, and disposal. Specific metrics like energy consumption per production unit are emphasized to evaluate efficiency over time.
This document discusses guidelines for best practices in hydroelectric power plant performance processes. It presents elements of guidelines including using valid performance data, utilizing that data organization-wide, optimizing water resources knowledgeably, and integrating data/knowledge into business practices. It also provides example unit and plant performance curves and describes aspects of the guidelines for rating economic, social and environmental dimensions of performance processes. The guidelines are intended to help organizations maximize value from water and power resources systematically.
ISO 50001 provides a framework for organizations to establish an energy management system to improve energy performance including energy efficiency. It helps companies reduce energy costs, better utilize existing energy-consuming assets, and facilitate transparency in energy resource management. Implementing ISO 50001 involves establishing an energy policy, conducting an energy review to establish a baseline and indicators, implementing a plan to improve energy performance through the PDCA cycle, and continually reviewing and improving the EnMS.
Making Business Green WIth Clean Tech and IT Solutions: An Overview of the pr...Cambium LLP
This deck provides a detailed overview of the main provisions of the new UK Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, known as ESOS . It also contains valuable insights for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability solution suppliers.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
Practical approach of ENERGY MANAGEMENT to sustain profitabilityZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document summarizes a seminar on energy efficiency for sustainable business. The seminar covered corporate trends and potentials for energy savings to increase profitability, barriers to implementing energy efficiency measures and how to overcome them, key success factors and steps to reduce energy costs, and support needed from the government. Surveys showed that sustainability is increasingly important to businesses and investors. Implementing energy efficiency measures can help businesses reduce costs and boost their image while helping the environment. Barriers to energy efficiency include lack of funding and technical expertise. Adopting an energy management system and clear energy policy can help businesses implement effective energy efficiency projects and achieve sustainable energy savings.
Energy Cost Reduction Consultants, Energy Audit Services, Energy Consulting F...SudhanshGupta5
This document discusses how manufacturers can reduce energy costs through various methods. It provides 5 tips for reducing energy consumption, such as evaluating compressed air systems for leaks, upgrading equipment, installing energy-efficient lighting, powering down unused equipment, and improving process heating. The document also presents a case study of a gear manufacturer that reduced its energy costs by 18% by implementing 25 energy saving projects identified by an energy audit consulting firm. In summary, the document outlines strategies manufacturers can use to lower energy consumption and costs through efficiency improvements and energy audits.
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
As presented at Green Buildings and Parks 2015.
An overview of the strategic approach to propose, to start and implement effective energy management system for companies
Competitive Strategies Benchmarking in Datacenter Infra IndustryAmit Singh
The document profiles competitive strategies of major vendors in the data center physical infrastructure industry. It discusses Schneider Electric's focus on offering integrated energy management solutions globally through its power quality products and services. Schneider aims to build a competitive advantage in data centers by combining efficient energy technology with engineering and project management solutions. The company maintains its product leadership through R&D investment in areas such as ultra-high efficiency UPS, fuel cells, cooling systems and energy management software.
This document discusses industrial energy audits and their importance. It provides an overview of the types of energy audits, including preliminary and detailed audits. Preliminary audits gather basic energy usage data through interviews and reviews, while detailed audits involve comprehensive assessments of energy systems and balance of energy inputs and outputs. The goals of energy audits are to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs. Conducting regular audits is important for energy management and conservation efforts in industries.
Energy Management System. Development and implementation of an EnMS includes an energy policy, objectives, energy targets
and action plans related to its energy efficiency, energy use, and energy consumption while meeting
applicable legal requirements and other requirements. An EnMS enables an organization to set and
achieve objectives and energy targets, to take actions as needed to improve its energy performance,
and to demonstrate the conformity of its system to the requirements of this document.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary and detailed energy audits are outlined as well as the methodology, reporting format and importance of understanding energy costs. Key areas of focus for energy audits include fuel substitution, energy generation and distribution optimization, and improving energy usage in industrial processes.
This a compilation of the overall process in conducting energy audit based on my personal experiences, training that I attended in Malaysia, India and Japan and information sharing between fellow EE practitioners.Not to forget references from books and internet.
I believe this would benefit to those who wants to understand what is energy audit all about for beginners to become an energy auditor and to facilities owners to assess the need to conduct energy audit and energy audit proposals submitted by consultants
The document summarizes an Indian government website that promotes energy efficiency. The website provides information for various stakeholders on energy conservation laws, certification programs for energy managers and auditors, sector-specific best practices, case studies and reports. It aims to spread awareness on energy efficiency and conservation among industries, experts, students and the public.
AVK Enertech LLP is an energy consulting firm based in Pune, India that provides services related to energy auditing, energy efficiency projects, renewable energy, and training. It has a team of experienced energy auditors and engineers. The company's services include comprehensive audits of electrical, thermal, water, and other systems to identify opportunities to optimize energy use and reduce costs. It then assists clients with implementing recommended conservation measures and monitoring savings. AVK Enertech's vision is to be a global leader in energy conservation through auditing, project implementation, and green energy projects.
Developing Effective Energy Performance IndicatorsPECB
The primary goal of businesses is to balance profit-making objectives with the interests of parties affected by it. The amount of profit that businesses can generate depends on how well they control their costs. There are many costs with which businesses deal with, but energy costs remain among the most significant for many of them. The industrial sector is one of the largest energy consumers. Companies are constantly seeking innovative ways on how to spend the energy more efficiently. The standard that is widely being used to reduce energy costs is ISO 50001 or the Energy Management System (EnMS). ISO 50001 was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the aims at improving organization’s energy performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document proposes a new maintenance model for two-component parallel systems that considers energy consumption. The aim is to minimize total costs by obtaining an optimal maintenance policy. It compares the proposed policy to a traditional policy that ignores energy usage. Simulation results show the new policy achieves lower long-term expected costs, even when energy inspection costs equal deterioration inspection costs. The new policy also performs better across different degradation variations and running speeds. Considering energy efficiency in maintenance decision-making can help companies reduce costs and achieve sustainable development.
The document discusses collecting and analyzing energy usage data within a company. It explains that the goals are to [1] establish an energy database to optimize energy management, [2] identify weaknesses and savings potentials, and [3] describe the company's annual energy situation and benchmarks. Key aspects covered include gathering data on energy supply, conversion, distribution, utilization, and disposal. Specific metrics like energy consumption per production unit are emphasized to evaluate efficiency over time.
This document discusses guidelines for best practices in hydroelectric power plant performance processes. It presents elements of guidelines including using valid performance data, utilizing that data organization-wide, optimizing water resources knowledgeably, and integrating data/knowledge into business practices. It also provides example unit and plant performance curves and describes aspects of the guidelines for rating economic, social and environmental dimensions of performance processes. The guidelines are intended to help organizations maximize value from water and power resources systematically.
ISO 50001 provides a framework for organizations to establish an energy management system to improve energy performance including energy efficiency. It helps companies reduce energy costs, better utilize existing energy-consuming assets, and facilitate transparency in energy resource management. Implementing ISO 50001 involves establishing an energy policy, conducting an energy review to establish a baseline and indicators, implementing a plan to improve energy performance through the PDCA cycle, and continually reviewing and improving the EnMS.
Making Business Green WIth Clean Tech and IT Solutions: An Overview of the pr...Cambium LLP
This deck provides a detailed overview of the main provisions of the new UK Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, known as ESOS . It also contains valuable insights for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability solution suppliers.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
Practical approach of ENERGY MANAGEMENT to sustain profitabilityZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document summarizes a seminar on energy efficiency for sustainable business. The seminar covered corporate trends and potentials for energy savings to increase profitability, barriers to implementing energy efficiency measures and how to overcome them, key success factors and steps to reduce energy costs, and support needed from the government. Surveys showed that sustainability is increasingly important to businesses and investors. Implementing energy efficiency measures can help businesses reduce costs and boost their image while helping the environment. Barriers to energy efficiency include lack of funding and technical expertise. Adopting an energy management system and clear energy policy can help businesses implement effective energy efficiency projects and achieve sustainable energy savings.
Energy Cost Reduction Consultants, Energy Audit Services, Energy Consulting F...SudhanshGupta5
This document discusses how manufacturers can reduce energy costs through various methods. It provides 5 tips for reducing energy consumption, such as evaluating compressed air systems for leaks, upgrading equipment, installing energy-efficient lighting, powering down unused equipment, and improving process heating. The document also presents a case study of a gear manufacturer that reduced its energy costs by 18% by implementing 25 energy saving projects identified by an energy audit consulting firm. In summary, the document outlines strategies manufacturers can use to lower energy consumption and costs through efficiency improvements and energy audits.
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
As presented at Green Buildings and Parks 2015.
An overview of the strategic approach to propose, to start and implement effective energy management system for companies
Competitive Strategies Benchmarking in Datacenter Infra IndustryAmit Singh
The document profiles competitive strategies of major vendors in the data center physical infrastructure industry. It discusses Schneider Electric's focus on offering integrated energy management solutions globally through its power quality products and services. Schneider aims to build a competitive advantage in data centers by combining efficient energy technology with engineering and project management solutions. The company maintains its product leadership through R&D investment in areas such as ultra-high efficiency UPS, fuel cells, cooling systems and energy management software.
This document discusses industrial energy audits and their importance. It provides an overview of the types of energy audits, including preliminary and detailed audits. Preliminary audits gather basic energy usage data through interviews and reviews, while detailed audits involve comprehensive assessments of energy systems and balance of energy inputs and outputs. The goals of energy audits are to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs. Conducting regular audits is important for energy management and conservation efforts in industries.
Energy Management System. Development and implementation of an EnMS includes an energy policy, objectives, energy targets
and action plans related to its energy efficiency, energy use, and energy consumption while meeting
applicable legal requirements and other requirements. An EnMS enables an organization to set and
achieve objectives and energy targets, to take actions as needed to improve its energy performance,
and to demonstrate the conformity of its system to the requirements of this document.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary and detailed energy audits are outlined as well as the methodology, reporting format and importance of understanding energy costs. Key areas of focus for energy audits include fuel substitution, energy generation and distribution optimization, and improving energy usage in industrial processes.
This a compilation of the overall process in conducting energy audit based on my personal experiences, training that I attended in Malaysia, India and Japan and information sharing between fellow EE practitioners.Not to forget references from books and internet.
I believe this would benefit to those who wants to understand what is energy audit all about for beginners to become an energy auditor and to facilities owners to assess the need to conduct energy audit and energy audit proposals submitted by consultants
The document summarizes an Indian government website that promotes energy efficiency. The website provides information for various stakeholders on energy conservation laws, certification programs for energy managers and auditors, sector-specific best practices, case studies and reports. It aims to spread awareness on energy efficiency and conservation among industries, experts, students and the public.
AVK Enertech LLP is an energy consulting firm based in Pune, India that provides services related to energy auditing, energy efficiency projects, renewable energy, and training. It has a team of experienced energy auditors and engineers. The company's services include comprehensive audits of electrical, thermal, water, and other systems to identify opportunities to optimize energy use and reduce costs. It then assists clients with implementing recommended conservation measures and monitoring savings. AVK Enertech's vision is to be a global leader in energy conservation through auditing, project implementation, and green energy projects.
Developing Effective Energy Performance IndicatorsPECB
The primary goal of businesses is to balance profit-making objectives with the interests of parties affected by it. The amount of profit that businesses can generate depends on how well they control their costs. There are many costs with which businesses deal with, but energy costs remain among the most significant for many of them. The industrial sector is one of the largest energy consumers. Companies are constantly seeking innovative ways on how to spend the energy more efficiently. The standard that is widely being used to reduce energy costs is ISO 50001 or the Energy Management System (EnMS). ISO 50001 was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the aims at improving organization’s energy performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document presents an analytical model to determine the mechanical behavior of composite tapered laminates. It derives formulae to calculate deformations in the x, y, and z directions when the laminate is loaded in the x, y, or xy plane. The formulae account for how the tapered shape and varying thickness affect deformations. The derived results are verified against data from finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Key findings include that loading in x introduces a taper in y and z, while loading in y results in linear deformation in x.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document describes the development of a prototype pipe tracking robot that uses electronic nose technology to detect gas leaks. The robot is designed to automatically track and follow pipes using ultrasonic sensors. It also uses an MQ6 gas sensor to detect the presence of gas leaks, identify the type of gas, and transmit sensor data to an Arduino microcontroller and LCD display. The researchers tested the prototype's ability to track a PVC pipe, detect different gases, and display detection information. Test results showed the robot could successfully track a 10 cm diameter pipe from 5 cm away and detect gas leaks within 1 minute. The LCD also correctly displayed gas detection information.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This study analyzed the effect of focus on the intensity of disyllabic words in Mandarin Chinese. The results show that:
1) The average intensity of rhymes is significantly greater than that of onsets in both syllables.
2) Under focused conditions, the average intensity of the first syllable rhyme is significantly greater than the second syllable rhyme.
3) Focus has a significant effect of increasing average intensity across onsets and rhymes in both syllables.
This document summarizes two algorithms - MFA and ATRA - for processing top-k spatial preference queries. MFA is a threshold-based algorithm that partitions queries into three features - spatial, preference, and text - and retrieves objects with the highest aggregate scores. ATRA uses a hybrid indexing structure called AIR-tree to more efficiently retrieve only relevant objects without revisiting the same data. The paper then proposes using an R-tree index structure combined with an enhanced branch-and-bound search algorithm to answer preference-based top-k spatial keyword queries by ranking objects based on feature quality in their neighborhoods.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new Position Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol (POR) to improve reliable data delivery in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing geographic routing protocols have issues with route failures and delays in discovering new routes when nodes move. The proposed POR protocol selects multiple forwarding candidate nodes to opportunistically forward packets. If the primary forwarder fails, backup candidates can forward packets to avoid transmission interruptions. Simulation results show the POR protocol has lower delay and higher packet delivery ratio compared to existing protocols.
This study investigated the effects of different grading policies (lenient vs. strict) on engineering students' cumulative grade point averages (CGPAs) in Pakistan. A sample of 1578 students was analyzed, with around half graded under a lenient policy with 5 letter grades and the other half under a strict policy with 7 letter grades. Results showed that students graded under the strict policy had statistically higher CGPAs on average compared to those under the lenient policy. Low-performing students benefited more from the strict policy in terms of improved CGPA. The study provides evidence that stricter grading policies can positively motivate students to achieve higher performance levels.
This paper presents a method to improve transient stability and damping of low frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of FACTS devices. A Simulink model of a three generator power system equipped with a UPFC is developed. Simulation results show that a UPFC controlled using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller more effectively improves transient stability and damps power oscillations compared to using SSSC. The neuro-fuzzy controller is trained using a hybrid learning algorithm to tune its parameters online based on generator speed deviation and acceleration as inputs.
This document summarizes research on constructing a phylogenetic tree for COX genes using multiple sequence alignments with ClustalW. It begins by introducing phylogenetic analysis and the COX gene. It then describes the methodology used, which involved obtaining nucleotide sequences from a COX protein sequence in mice, performing a tBLASTn search to find related genes, aligning the sequences with ClustalW, and constructing rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees. The results include the input protein sequence, tBLASTn output, ClustalW alignment, and the rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees produced. It concludes that phylogenetic analysis is important for understanding gene and protein evolution.
In today’s commercial buildings, installing an effective
WAGES (water, air, gas, electricity, steam) metering
system can be a source of substantial energy and cost
savings. This white paper examines WAGES metering
as the essential first step toward a comprehensive
energy management strategy. Best practices for
selecting meters, and identifying metering points are
described. In addition, metrics for measuring gains in
energy efficiency are explained.
Optimizing Operations_ The Role of Energy Data Management in Sustainable Prac...Enterprise Wired
Energy data management involves systematically collecting, organizing, and analyzing data pertaining to energy consumption, generation, costs, and environmental impact.
1. The document discusses energy audits, which are tools used to identify areas of energy inefficiency and waste. Energy audits provide a systematic approach to measure energy use, identify losses, calculate actual consumption, and provide solutions to improve efficiency.
2. An energy audit involves verifying, monitoring, and analyzing energy use through measurement and analysis of consumption reports. The audit identifies opportunities for improved energy efficiency to provide benefits like cost savings, increased comfort, and equipment longevity.
3. Proper energy audits follow specific methodological steps including documentation review, facility inspection, staff interviews, utility analysis, evaluation of potential efficiency improvements, and reporting of findings and recommendations.
This document discusses the importance of empowering and training in-house engineers at hospitals in energy efficiency practices. It emphasizes that engineers are a core part of implementing energy saving processes but are often overlooked. The document advocates for engineers to receive regular training in new technologies. It also promotes the idea of certifying engineers in energy systems to help hospitals develop fully energy efficient processes.
This document discusses energy management techniques that can be used to reduce energy costs at both the power supply and consumer sides. It describes direct load control and dispatch load management as techniques to manage loads at the power supply side. These techniques aim to minimize generation capacity needs and reduce costs. The document also discusses various energy management strategies that can be implemented on the consumer side, including power factor correction, improving lighting efficiency through various measures, and improving motor efficiency. The overall goal of energy management is to optimize energy use and reduce costs without negatively impacting production.
Energy Management Impact on Distributed Control Systems (DCS) in Industrial E...Schneider Electric
Today, the pressure is on enterprises to meet environmental targets. The prospect of losing business if sustainability objectives are not met is very real. This is leading to a future where top environmental performers will become market leaders. To remain competitive, companies need to produce goods in an energy efficient manner. This paper examines industrial efficiency improvement measures that focus on equipment, process, and people.
This document summarizes a case study on energy conservation and auditing for household applications. It discusses how energy audits are conducted to identify opportunities for energy conservation and efficiency improvements. A detailed energy audit involves multiple phases including documentation review, facility inspection, identifying and evaluating potential energy conservation measures (ECMs), and economic analysis of ECMs. The document recommends various ECMs that can save energy in homes and buildings, such as using efficient lighting like CFL bulbs, properly maintaining appliances like refrigerators and ACs, and replacing old, inefficient equipment.
Operating a next generation utility driving performance through enterprise as...Kaizenlogcom
The document discusses how utilities are facing mounting pressures from aging infrastructure, workforce changes, compliance concerns, and outdated systems. It recommends that utilities improve their enterprise asset management (EAM) capabilities to help overcome these challenges and drive performance. Specifically, implementing a robust EAM solution can provide greater visibility and insights into operations, enable condition-based monitoring, improve productivity through mobile access, and leverage analytics for predictive maintenance and energy savings. The document provides examples of how improved EAM has helped utilities enhance performance.
Data Science for Building Energy Management a reviewMigue.docxrandyburney60861
Data Science for Building Energy Management: a review
Miguel Molina-Solanaa,b, Maŕıa Rosa,∗, M. Dolores Ruiza, Juan Gómez-Romeroa, M.J. Martin-Bautistaa
aDepartment of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Granada
bData Science Institute, Imperial College London
Abstract
The energy consumption of residential and commercial buildings has risen steadily in recent years, an
increase largely due to their HVAC systems. Expected energy loads, transportation, and storage as well
as user behavior influence the quantity and quality of the energy consumed daily in buildings. However,
technology is now available that can accurately monitor, collect, and store the huge amount of data involved
in this process. Furthermore, this technology is capable of analyzing and exploiting such data in meaningful
ways. Not surprisingly, the use of data science techniques to increase energy efficiency is currently attracting
a great deal of attention and interest. This paper reviews how Data Science has been applied to address the
most difficult problems faced by practitioners in the field of Energy Management, especially in the building
sector. The work also discusses the challenges and opportunities that will arise with the advent of fully
connected devices and new computational technologies.
1. Introduction
There is a general consensus in the world today that human activities are having a negative impact
on the environment and have accelerated both global warming and climate change. These environmental
threats have been intensified by the emissions produced by the energy required for the lighting and HVAC
(heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) systems in building constructions. According to the International
Energy Agency (IEA), residential and commercial buildings are responsible for up to 32% of the total final
energy consumption. In fact, in most IEA countries, they account for approximately 40% of the primary
energy consumption. Similar statistics are given by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development
(WBCSD) within the framework of its Energy Efficiency in Buildings (EEB) project1. Also provided is a
comprehensive review [1] of the state of the art in building energy use (with a primary focus on energy
demand).
These data indicate that inefficient energy management in aging buildings combined with rising construc-
tion activity in developed countries will cause energy consumption to soar in the near future and heighten the
negative impacts associated with this consumption. Moreover, variable energy costs call for the implemen-
tation of more intelligent strategies to adapt and reduce energy consumption as well as to find alternative
and sustainable energy sources. The relevance of these issues is clearly reflected in the research priorities of
the European Union, as stated in its Horizon2020 Societal Challenge “Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy”.
This work program targets a significant reduction in energy consu.
The energy manager's guide to real time submetering data 1.16.14GridPoint
This document discusses the benefits of real-time, asset-level submetering for energy managers. It explains that submetering provides visibility into energy usage at both the total site level and individual asset level in real-time. This allows energy managers to (1) optimize equipment performance, (2) implement smarter alarms, and (3) monitor sustainable energy sources. A variety of industry organizations and standards promote the use of submetering for compliance and increased energy efficiency. Access to granular submetering data through an energy management system enables seven hidden benefits including optimized equipment, smarter alarms, integrated sustainability, and dynamic control strategies.
Decision Support System for Energy Saving Analysis in Manufacturing IndustryIJRES Journal
Nowadays the attempts to optimize energy efficiency and environmental impact are increasingly present in all activity areas and specifically in manufacturing industry. An innovative approach to achieve these optimizations lies in advanced combination of decision support technologies and Knowledge Management. A benchmarking energy saving tool (decision support tool) was carried out in four (4) different years, 2007 to 2010 in Niger mills limited, located in Calabar to generate energy intensity and energy intensity index of the period. The result obtained for energy intensity in 2007 was 2.30GJ/m3, Energy intensity for 2008 was 2.30GJ/m3, Energy intensity for 2009 was 2.40GJ/m3, and energy intensity for 2010 was 2.30GJ/m3. This result shows that for the period of these four years, that the energy consumed is in an average range of 2.30GJ/m3. That if the productivity increase as the result of increase in production, the energy intensity will increase to 2.40GJ/m3 or there about as the case maybe as a result of increase in production.
This document provides an overview of smart home energy management systems (EMS). It discusses the objectives of smart homes in providing convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. It describes common system components and networking protocols used. Integration with the smart grid is covered, allowing demand response based on dynamic energy pricing. Challenges around interoperability and cybersecurity are also mentioned. Finally, the importance of energy management systems is highlighted in optimizing energy usage and costs through monitoring, targeting, and tracking energy consumption over time.
A Study on Intelligent Management of Electrical Systems in Industriesijtsrd
It has been a rapid rise in the automation of public electricity distribution in the last several years. We can utilise the same framework to construct new intelligent applications for industrial power distribution networks. Today, there is a demand for new applications in the industrial sector and in response to various environmental changes. Using the information in this blog, we can have a better understanding of how industrial electric systems are managed and how new applications and methods for managing distribution and monitoring industrial networks can be implemented. The topic of energy management has grown in relevance and complexity in recent years. It entails selecting from among a variety of energy sources those that can provide power to a variety of loads while reducing losses and expense. The systems response, the selection of sources, must be done in real time to minimise power outages due to the heterogeneous, distributed nature of the sources and loads. Micro grid is a grouping of interconnected power sources and loads that can self regulate in order to maximise a variety of factors, including but not limited to cost and efficiency. Shibu Ganesh | Harish Kumar V C "A Study on Intelligent Management of Electrical Systems in Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50169.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/50169/a-study-on-intelligent-management-of-electrical-systems-in-industries/shibu-ganesh
In today's world there is a requirement of constant power, so the various companies should adopt this ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM in order to conserve the resource, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have the permanent access to the energy they use.
IRJET- An Energy Conservation Scheme based on Tariff ModerationIRJET Journal
This document discusses an energy conservation scheme based on tariff modification for domestic users. It proposes a new tariff rate structure that provides incentives for low consumption and penalties for high consumption. This aims to motivate consumers to reduce energy usage without causing losses for electric utilities. The existing structure provides 100 free units, which does not encourage conservation and causes losses. The proposed system calculates bills based on consumed units and compares to averages to determine incentives or penalties. The goal is to reduce residential energy usage through this modified tariff approach.
This presentation discusses Energy Management Systems (EnMS) as defined by ISO 50001. It provides an overview of the essence and architecture of EnMS as a Plan-Do-Check-Act framework to systematically improve energy performance. It then outlines the steps to implement EnMS, including organizing an energy team, establishing energy performance baselines and indicators, developing objectives and targets in an energy policy, and creating action plans. Finally, it discusses the business case for EnMS implementation in reducing costs, improving competitiveness and sustainability.
Energy management aims to optimize energy usage through conservation and efficiency. As energy demands are expected to rise 48% by 2040, implementing an energy management system can save up to 29% on energy costs for buildings. An energy management system involves collecting detailed energy usage data, analyzing it to identify savings opportunities, taking action to improve efficiency, and continuously tracking performance. Key benefits of energy management include cost savings, reducing energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions, maintaining affordable and stable energy prices, and meeting regulatory compliance.
Similar to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (20)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 8 (August 2014), PP.34-39
IntegratingComputerized Maintenance Management System
And Energy Efficiency Management System
ANew Modified Approach
Kifayah Abbood Alsaffar,
University of Missouri, IMSE, College of Engineering, 3437 Thomas and Nell Lafferre Hall,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Abstract:-Integrating maintenance management and energy efficiency management computerized systems by
restructuring an organization’s maintenance enterprise information system to include energy usage data can save
time and money that would be spent on creating and operating a separate electronic enterprise information
system for energy usage. This paper proposes to add more modules necessary for energy efficiency
management to an organization’s existing computerized maintenance management system to be more efficient
and effective. The main objective of the maintenance department can be restructured to change from being cost
focused to profit focused. Since energy utility bills and life of equipment directly affect an organization’s
profits, the maintenance management department can be enabled to function as a profit saving center instead of
a cost center. Increasing equipment life through effective maintenance and reducing energy utility bills directly
increases the profits of an organization.
Keywords:- Computerized Maintenance Management System CMMS,Computer Aided Energy Restorability
and Reliability System (CAERRS),Energy Efficiency Management System EEMS,M&T Monitoring and
Targeting
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy management and maintenance management are often modeled as separated systems despite
34
thata strong link exists between these two systems.
In the face of current international competition and increasing demands from stakeholders there is a
basic demand to improve and integrate both these important activities performance
The definition provided by the DoE, USA for EMS energy management system
“An energy management system is a series of processes that enables an organization to use
data and information to maintain and improve energy performance, while improving
operational efficiencies, decreasing energy intensity, and reducing environmental impacts.”
While MMS maintenance management system is a series of processes that enable an organization to the
planning, scheduling and, control of daily maintenance, and to assure the higher quality of equipment condition
and output by providing fault and causes analysis, and keeping records on downtime analysis to improve
assuring the higher quality of equipment condition and output, as well as assisting administration and
management in increasing production and overall efficiency.
The rising energy prices have placed greater focus on minimizing energy usage in organizations today.
Collecting the correct data and successfully converting the data into useful information is a difficult task to
undertake. It is known that an organization can operate more efficiently and effectively by installing or
improving their electronic enterprise information system(s). This paper proposes that organizations can also
operate more efficiently and effectively by improving communication with the maintenance management and
energy efficiency management systems to eliminate duplication in collecting and analyzing their energy usage
data.
II. MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (MMS)
A maintenance management system (MMS) refers to a system in an organization to achieve efficient
and effective maintenance of an organization’s equipment to maximize the life of the equipment. The term
maintenance management system can also refer to a software package that maintains a computer database of
information about an organization’s maintenance operations – a computerized maintenance management
information system (CMMIS)system configuration as shown in fig(1)[1]. This information is intended to enable
maintenance workers to perform their jobs more effectively and to enable management to make well informed
decisions leading to better allocation of resources. The data in an MMS may also be used to verify regulatory
2. Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System and Energy Efficiency Management System…
compliance. To provide maximum benefit to an organization an MMS has to be efficient, address a wide range
of demands and be able to expand with evolving needs.
Once CMMIS is implemented, several benefits should be obvious [2] [3]:
Standardized work order will reduce maintenance time, paper work time.
All information combined into one central location, decrease work time.
Permanent, accurate records will help reduce equipment downtime.
Standardized format aids organization and collection of information.
Long- term benefit should be apparent through weekly and monthly production reports. These include:
Parts and materials availability will increase.
More regulated preventive maintenance will increase equipment life and help reduce emergency
35
maintenance costs.
Production saving will increase as unscheduled down time decreases.
Purchase costs of parts and materials will be reduced.
Regular reports give a more effective and up to data record of inventory, stores reports, work orders
and physical maintenance reports, which will reduce the cost of parts, inventory and labor. Reports also
help increase management control.
Fig. (1) System configuration
III. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EEMS)
As an example of the prominence of Energy Efficiency Management System (EEMS)
Nearly 40% of total U.S. energy consumption in 2012 was consumed in residential and commercial
buildings[4]also a similar figures was indicated in the European union[5] .
An energy efficiency management system (EEMS) refers to a system in an organization to achieve energy
efficiency and to achieve the following goals [6]
Integrated plant condition-based maintenance tools
Plant output and emissions monitoring
Integrated energy (gas, steam and electricity) and emissions optimization
Plant portfolio management tools
Through well laid out procedures and methods, data collection, and continual improvement which will spread
awareness of energy efficiency throughout an entire organization.
The term energy efficiency management system can also refer to a computer system which is designed
specifically for the automated control and monitoring of those electromechanical facilities in a building which
yield significant energy consumption such as heating, ventilation and lighting[7] .The scope may span from of a
single building to a group of buildings such as university campuses, office buildings, retail stores networks or
factories. Most of these energy management systems also provide facilities for the reading of electricity, gas
and water meters
The signification of these systems is due to the fact that In the United States, the buildings sector accounted for
about 41% of primary energy consumption in 2014, 44% more than the transportation sector and 36% more than
the industrial sector. Also In the USA alone, buildings account for[4]:
3. Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System and Energy Efficiency Management System…
• 72% of electricity consumption,
• 39% of energy use,
• 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,
• 40% of raw materials use,
• 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually), and
• 14% of potable water consumption.
Similar figures also show that the trends in other countries show an increasing use of energy by nations with
emerging economies like(Southeast Asia, Middle east, South America and Africa) at an average of 3.2%
annually and will exceed by 2020 that of( North America ,Japan, New Zealand Austria ,And Europe)[8]
These figures should be a utilized to better planning to implement a more efficient energy management system
In 2011 the standard ISO 50001 was launched by ISO International standard organization to [9] [10]:
• Helpingtoachieveenergy usereductionandcarbon emissions in asystematic way;
• Creatingaclearpictureofcurrentenergyusestatus,basedonwhichnewgoalsand targetscanbeset;
• Evaluatingand prioritizingtheimplementationofnewenergy-efficienttechnologiesandmeasures;
• Providinga frame worktopromote energy efficiency;
• Providingguidanceonhowtobenchmark, measure,documentandreportcorporate energy use;
• Making betteruseofenergyconsumingassets,thus categorizingpotentialstoreduce maintenance costs
36
orexpandcapacity;
• Proving tothestakeholder’s commitment tocomplywiththeir bestpracticetoprotectthe environment; and
fulfilling the related regulatory requirements
Energy management is acritical procedure of energy efficiency, since it is vital for the effective
operation of a country energy sector, for the environment's protection as well as for the justification of currency
outflow from the national economy .Furthermore, energy management is considered as a significant factor to the
energy saving of an operational unit of production. The basic concept of energy management is the continuous,
systematic and well-organized audit of energy consumption, aiming at energy cost optimization with respect to
energy demands, user characteristics, funding opportunities, financing ability and emission reductions achieved
Why Integrate the MMS and EEMS
With technology exploding throughout the computerized information system market, planning that
maximizes organization system is imperative. According to McKinsey Global Institute, approximately one to
three million nodes upload energy data from companies to the internet.[12]It is becoming increasingly more
important for organizations to collect the correct information and not waste time collecting and analyzing
information that is not necessary. Organizing efficiently and effectively the vast amounts of data being collected
today are imperative to convert it into information that can be analyzed. Efficient and effective organization of
the enterprise information system software is imperative to succeedin today’s competitive market[13].
Integrating theMMS and EEMS gives an organization the correct data that is needed for energy savings and
monitoring by modifying the assets register and the preventative maintenance (PM) work order system to allow
an organization to gather the necessary data for this goal which mean less time on repeated activates and also the
same work force which they collect regular information about the status of the equipment monitor andfollow up
the registered data about equipment energy conception. The data obtained from these systems can then be used
to perform self-diagnostic and optimization routines on a frequent basis and to produce trend analysis and
annual consumption forecasts. This can be achieved by adding another module to an existing computerized
maintenance management system (CMMS) also known as enterprise asset management and computerized
maintenance management information system (CMMIS) to achieve this goal].
Energy Efficiency Technique
Using an energy monitoring and targeting (M & T), whichis an energy efficiency technique based on
thestandard management axiom stating that “you cannot manage what you cannot measure”. M&T techniques
provide managers with feedback on operating practices, results of energy management projects, and guidance on
the level of energy use that is expected in a certain period[14][15][16].
Goal and Benefits of Using M &T
The following methodology is derived from the “Energy Monitoring And Targeting” chapter published
by Dr. Ambedkar.[17]the goal of using M&T to determine the relationship of energy use to key performance
indicators (production, weather, etc.) is to help business managersdo the following:
4. Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System and Energy Efficiency Management System…
Identify and explain increase or decrease in energy use.
Draw energy consumption trends (weekly, seasonal, operational…).
Determine future energy use when planning changes in the business.
Diagnose specific areas of wasted energy.
Observe how the business reacted to changes in the past.
Develop performance targets for energy management programs.
Manage their energy consumption, rather than accept it as a fixed cost that they have no control over.
Provide the necessary information for energy auditing and ISO50001:2011 certification.
The ultimate goal is to reduce energy costs through improved energy efficiency and energy
management control. Other benefits generally include increased resource efficiency, improved production
budgeting and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
37
Data Loggers
The Energy Efficiency technique reutilizes data logger (also data logger or data recorder) devices
which is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built-in
instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a
digital processor (or computer). They generally are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a
microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. The world leader in data loggers is claimed by
Onset Hobo at www.onsetcomp.com. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer and utilize
software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface
device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device.
Data loggers vary between general purpose types for a range of measurement applications to very
specific devices for measuring in one environment or application type only. It is common for general purpose
types to be programmable; however, many remain as static machines with only a limited number or no
changeable parameters. Electronic dataloggers have replaced chart recorders in many applications.One of the
primary benefits of using data loggers is the ability to automatically collect data on a 24-hour basis. Upon
activation, data loggers are typically installed and left unattended to measure and record information for the
duration of the monitoring period. This allows for a comprehensive, accurate picture of the energy resources
being monitored, such as ampere and voltage[18].
The recorded measurements can be used to prepare many reports and a basis for energy management
audits, also it can be used to highlight the area in plant of highest energy consumption, and bad maintained and
faulty machines consume more energy.
Modified Approach for Computer Aided Energy Restorability and Reliability System (CAERRS)
The CARRS has been successfully implemented in the Dura refinery, Baghdad Iraq but with out
The suggested extra functions for the modified approach as follows:
1. Assets Registerincorporating a set of fields to take account of the energy data needed for energy management
system. For example some basic equipment as follows:
i) Electric Motors
(1) Amps (Full Load)
(2) Speed RPM (Full Load)
(3) Power Factor (Full Load)
(4) Efficiency (Full Load)
ii) HVAC
(1) Cooling Capacity Btu (kW)
(2) Heating Input Btu (kW)
iii) Air Compressor
(1) PSI
(2) Operating kW
(3) Load factor where max rated compressor load divided by average compressor load
(4) Efficiency of the compressor
More information can be found at the United States Department of Energy Manufacturing Office website.
2. Planned Work Order.
3. Unplanned Work Order.
4. Material Management.
5. Plant Condition Control Module.
6. Tables.
5. Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System and Energy Efficiency Management System…
7. History.
8. Reporting.
9. Energy monitoring and targeting for standardization for energy performance and benchmarking EM&T or
EMS module.as it shown in fig 2 below:
REPORTING
UN PLANNED
WORK ORDER
TABLES
CONDITION
MOINTERING
Assets
REGISTER
MATERIAL
MANAGMENT
PLANNED
WORK ORDER
ENERGY
MANGMENT
Fig. (2) Computer Aided Energy Restorability and Reliability System (CAERRS) Modules Structure
38
Cost of Data Loggers
The cost of data loggers has been declining over the years as technology improves and costs are
reduced. Today many software programs are available to enable organizations to electronically collect and
organize data. This has helped organizations by replacing paper methods and easily organizing the data into
relevant information to be analyzed. Selecting the types of software programs and determining the number
needed can be a daunting task for organizations. This has proven no different for the maintenance management
systems and newly developing energy management systems. The hardware and software to collect and
communicate the energy data can be found relatively cheap at sites such as the world leader in data loggers
Onset Hobo, www.onsetcomp.com[20]. For example basic data loggers start at prices of $65, wireless sensors
at $169, and software at $99.With HOBOware software an organization can simply merge, import and export
data files. With this ability an organization can use their existing maintenance management computerized
systemsto include the required data for their energy efficiency management computer system.
IV. CONCLUSION
As technology advances and both CMMS and EMM systems develop capabilities, opportunities for
integration exist. IT professionals are more and more faced with information integration needs across traditional
organizational limitations. However, many of the individual companies expansion prospects are difficult for
utilities to justify on their individual merits, or to realize in the absence of readily available hard ware and the
need to raise the necessary funds to provide the suitable Data Loggers .A universal approach to providing
integrated data enables the utilities to realize economic benefits in a similar universal way that they could not
approach taken fragmentary. However, this requires planning projects that cross the old-fashioned
organizational boundaries. Different business units may have to agree on the scope, budget and control of the
technology
Beyond financial and operational benefits of systems integration, the need for better data management
and controls is also becoming a driver for company level strategies. Increasingly, information is viewed as a
company asset, which needs to be properly managed, controlled and made available to different company
employers and uses.
Collecting the correct data and successfully converting the data into useful information can be greatly
rewarding for an organization. The rising energy prices have encouraged more research to be conducted on how
to minimize energy usage in organizations today. It has been found that focusing on reducing the energy we
consume in the United States would have great results and help us become an energy independent nation. By
improving communication with the maintenance management and energy efficiency management systems to
eliminate duplication in collecting and analyzing their energy usage data, organizations can operate more
6. Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System and Energy Efficiency Management System…
efficiently and effectively and help reduce the demand for energy as a whole the estimated costs will be pay able
in only 5% reduction in energy cost targeted annually.
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