Presentation about E-Waste, its harmful effects and how it can be treated

1. E-WASTE
By
Mohammad Shoeb Shah
Under the guidance of
Prof. Dr. A. N. Cheeran

2. CONTENTS
 Definition
 E-waste in daily life
 E-waste concerns worldwide
 E-waste in India
 E-waste in Indian cities
 Environmental Hazards
 Effects on human health
 E-waste management
 Regulations and Laws
 Technology used in management of E-waste by companies.

3. WHAT IS E-WASTE ?

4. E-Waste ?
A broad and growing
range of electronic devices
ranging from large
household devices such as
Refrigerators , ACs, Cell
phones, Computers,
Laptops, T.V and all
consumer electronics
which have been discarded
by their users.
According to Sinha-
Khetriwal , “e-Waste can
be classified as any
electrical powered
appliance that has reached
its end-of-life”.

5. Sources of E-Waste:
Home:
• PC
• Television
• Radio
• Cell phones
• Washing
machine
• Microwave
oven
• CD player
• Fan
• Electric Iron
• etc
Hospitals:
• PC
• Monitors
• ECG
device
• Incubator
• etc
Government
• PC
• CPU
• FAX
machine
• Xerox
machine
• Scanner
• Fan
• Tube
lights
• Air
condition
s etc
Private Sectors
(Restaurants ,
Industries):
• PC
• Boilers
• Mixer
• Signal
Generators
• Incubator
• etc

6. E-Waste Worldwide

8. In the United States (US)market, less than 80 million
communication devices were sold in 2003; the number exceeded
152 million by 2008 , a growth of over 90 percent in 5 years.
Meanwhile, in 2006, more than 34 million TVs have been
exposed in the market, and roughly 24 million PCs and 139
million portable communication devices have been produced.
In the European Union (EU), the total units of electronic
devices placed on the market in 2009 were more than 3.8 billion
units, including 265 million computers, roughly 245 million in
home consumer electronics.
 In China, approximately 20 million refrigerators and more than
48 million TVs were sold in 2001, and nearly 40 million PCs were
sold in 2009 [6]. Furthermore, the growth rate is increasing every
year

9. E-Waste in INDIA

10.  Estimated the total number of Personal Computers (PCs)
emanating each year from business and individual households in
India will be around 1.38 million, according to a report of
confederation of Indian industries, the total waste generated by
obsolete electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) in India has
been estimated to be 146,000 tons per year.
 In case of TV, it varied from 1.07 to 1.78 and for mobile phones
it varied from 0.88 to 1.70. the low income households use the PC
for 5.94 years, TV for 8.16 years and the mobile phones for 2.34
years while, the upper class income uses the PC for 3.21 years,
TV for 5.13 years and mobile phones for 1.63 years.
 The growth rate of the mobile phones 80% is very high
compared to PC 20% and TV 18%.

13. Hazards To Environment
and
Human Health

14. Compared to conventional municipal wastes, certain components of
electronic products contain toxic substances, which can generate a threat to the
environment as well as to human health. For instance, television and computer
monitors normally contain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, and
cadmium, while nickel, beryllium, and zinc can often be found in circuit boards.
 As more e-Waste is placed in landfills, exposure to environmental toxins is
likely to increase, resulting in elevated risks of cancer and developmental
and neurological disorders.
 Personal computers (PCs) contain certain components, which are highly
toxic, such as chlorinated and brominated substances, toxic gases, toxic
metals, biologically active materials, acids, plastics and plastic additives.
 Circuit boards containing heavy metals like lead & cadmium; batteries
containing cadmium; cathode ray tubes with lead oxide & barium; brominated
flame retardants used on printed circuit boards, cables and plastic casing;
(PVC) coated copper cables and plastic computer casings that release highly
toxic dioxins & furans when burnt to recover valuable metals; mercury switches;
mercury in flat screens; poly chlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's) present in older
capacitors; transformers; etc.

15. Source of e-wastes Constituent Health effects
Solder in printed circuit
boards, glass panels and
gaskets in computer
monitors
Lead (PB)
•Damage to central and
peripheral nervous
systems, blood systems
and kidney damage.
•Affects brain development
of children.
Chip resistors and
semiconductors
Cadmium (CD)
•Toxic irreversible effects
on human health.
•Accumulates in kidney
and liver.
•Causes neural damage.
•Teratogenic.
Relays and switches,
printed circuit boards
Mercury (Hg)
•Chronic damage to the
brain.
•Respiratory and skin
disorders due to
bioaccumulation in fishes.
Cabling and computer
housing
Plastics including PVC
Burning produces dioxin.
It causes
•Reproductive and
developmental problems;
•Immune system damage;
•Interfere with regulatory

16. E-Waste
Management

17. International Laws of E-Waste
 European Union (EU) restriction of the use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic equipment
Similar e-Waste legislation has been introduced in China and other
countries as well. For instance, China has established administrative
measures to control the pollution of WEEE. Meanwhile, several
multinational collaboration agreements are currently taking shape to
prohibit or limit the shipment of hazardous waste, including e-Waste,
from industrialized to developing counties
 No dumping toxic e-waste in developing countries.
 No use of prison labor in electronics recycling.
 No disposal of e-waste in landfills or incinerators, including waste-
to- energy incinerators.

18. Rules in INDIA
1. Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,
1989/2000/2002
2. MoEF Guidelines for Management and Handling of Hazardous
Wastes,1991
3. Guidelines for Safe Road Transport of Hazardous
Chemicals,1995
4. The Public Liability Act, 1991
5. Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
6. The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
7. Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998