Dynamics of maize consumption and its implication in maize technology demand in Nepal. Yuga N. Ghimire.

1. Dynamics of maize consumption and
its implication in maize technology
demand in Nepal
Yuga N. Ghimire, Krishna P. Timsina, Deepa Devkota, Shriniwas Gautam, Dyutiman
Choudhary, Hema Poudel and Jyoti Pant

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Pattern of utilization of maize grains
in Nepal
• Reasons of change in the utilization
pattern
• Conclusion and way forward

3. Longitude: 850 E, Latitude: 270 N and Altitude: 64-8848
masl
Introduction
In last 15 years (Maize):
Production growth- 2.91%
Area growth- 0.57%
Productivity growth- 2.35%
Maize area: 900,288 ha
Yield: 2.5T /ha
An in-depth study was carried out in 2017 to investigate change in pattern
of maize consumption and to suggest appropriate technology development
strategy to cater the changing needs of the country.

4. A total of 682 maize growing
households were randomly selected
and surveyed from six districts:
Chitwan and Dang from terai, and
Khotang, Sindhupalchock, Lalitpur and
Dadeldhura from hills
Additionally, one Focus Group
Discussions were also carried-out in
each district
Methods of Study

5. Utilization of maize in Nepal, 2017
45.8
41.8
9.5
14.2
2 1.8
23.1
38.4
27.2
45
60.9
18.6
63.5
46.2
0.7
12.3 11
3.4
47.3
8.3 8.4
15
18.9
35
21.4
32.2
26.4
22.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Poultry feed Livestocks feed Seed Food
% Production

6. Name of project/program Name of project/program
Community livestock development
project (CLDP) in 43 districts (2003-
2011); Third livestock development
project (TLDP) in 19 districts (1997 –
2004)
Livestock development program
in karnali zone (2011/12-
ongoing)
PACT in 25 districts (2009-2018) National livestock breed
improvement program in 45
districts (2011/12-0ngoing)
High mountain agribusiness and
livelihood improvement projects
(HIMALI) in 10 districts (2012-18)
National FMD control program in
15 districts 2011/12
Avian influenza control program in 75
districts (2006/07-2010/11)
National HS & BQ control
program in 26 districts
National PPR control programs (2001-
ongoing)
National ranikhet disease control
program in 26 district
Reasons of high feed demand – growth of livestock
sector support program

7. Over 20 years periods (from
1995-2014), annual growth rate %
of cattle- 0.26, buffalo 2.47,
chicken 5.73, pigs 3.61 and goats
2.07
Goats and cattles are tethered in
goth (livestock huts) and grazed
within the vicinity of the
households, maize feed
supplemental
Buffaloes are stall fed and fed
Kundo (boiled flour) and bhussa
(chaff with maize flour)
Poultry- commercial or backyard –
maize feed

8. Expanding feed industries in Nepal
• The increasing demand of livestocks and poultry feed was followed
by establishment of feed industries which consumed a very high
proportion of maize produced in the country and also from importing
• There are 114 feed industries attached with NFIA and of which
about 93% produce and supply poultry feeds in the country while the
remaining 7% produce and supply livestock feed

9. Livestock sector Impact on maize import
• 0.5 million MT maize
required to fulfill the
demand of poultry feed
• 0.35 Million Mt maize grain
imported in FY 2015/16
from India, Brazil and
Argentina
• Import -growth rate of
30.5% over the last 8
years in Nepal
• About 9716 million rupees
was spent for the import of
maize in FY 2015/16
32,861
132,213
160,445
203,992
219,761
280,411
290,993
355,474
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Importquantity(MT)

10. Impact of income growth and food
preference
• Increase in per capita income of $725 in 2013/14 to $853 in 2016/17
(CBS, 2016)
• The average per capita consumption expenditure on meat and fish
increased from NPR. 4807 in 2013/14 (CBS, 2014) to NPR. 5354 in
2015/16 (CBS, 2016)
• The average per capita consumption of coarse rice in rural areas
grew from 90.5 kg to 109.4 kg from 2014 to 2015 (CBS, 2016)
• Maize consumption dropped from 16.35 kg to 10.1 kg per capita for
the same period (CBS, 2016)

11. Conclusion and way forward
The study found that with the push of new high yielding breeds of cattle
and buffalo in the hills through big livestock development projects in the
past, maize has been widely used as concentrate feed, which was
previously used as food.
Moreover, poultry business also started to flourish specially in terai part
simultaneously thereby increasing feed demand.
Rice is socially preferable than maize as food. Also, protein based food
habit developed in the country in later decades due to rise in per capita
income.
These all have changed the pattern of maize utilization. Therefore, this
study suggests to give priority to address
i) livestock sector demand of maize attributes, and
ii) maize based food processing research and value addition

12. Thank you all !!!
Thank you