Presented by Aklilu Mekasha and Mesfin Dejene (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Workshop on Identifying Investment Opportunities for Livestock Feed Resources Development in the Eastern Africa Sub-Region, ILRI Addis, 13-15 December 2017

1. Livestock feed supply and demand in
Ethiopia
By
Aklilu Mekasha
Mesfin Dejene
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
13-15 December 2017
ILRI, Addis Ababa

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Introduction
 Location
• 9° 0' 19.4436''N and 38° 45' 48.9996'' E
• Area 1.104 million sq km
 Topography
• 40% highland / > 1500 m asl
• 60% lowland/ < 1500 m asl
• arid (64%), semiarid(21%), sub humid
(15%)
 Political administration
• 9 regions & two cities
 Human population
• 100 million
• Grow @ 2.89%

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1. On feed supply–demand

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Feed supply-demand….
Major sources of feeds
 Grazing on natural pasture
 Crop residues
 Agro industrial by products
 Cultivated forages
 availability and relative contributions vary across eco-
environments

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Availability & percentage contribution of different feeds
Feed type Afar BG DD. Gam Oro. SSNP Somali Tiyo*
Natural
pasture
10-100 - 76 85-98 31-84 90-99 90-100 14
Fallow 0-3 - 5 0-5 - - 0-1 2
Aftermath
grazing
3-65 - 4 - - 1-5 0-10 16
Crop residue 1-25 - 7 1-10 9-38 5 0-10 48+ 8
AIBP 0-1 - 5 - 1 - - 11
Improved
forages
0-5 3 0-1 0-1 - - 1
Source; MoA & RD, 2004; Mekasha , 2014 & 2017
* District from highland areas, Oromia region

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Feed supply and demand balance
Region Livestock
(TLU)
DM production
(ton)
DM demand
(ton)
Balance (ton)
Afar* 621,455 1, 057,805 1,416,900 - 359,095
B Gumuz 10,124.9 698,682 23,100 + 675,582
D. Dawa 39,143 50,482 263,300 - 258,218
Gambela 288,922.3 1,497,165 658,800 + 838,365
Oromia 4, 995, 582 7,918,290 11, 390,000 - 3, 371, 710
SSNP 693, 463.3 1,738,170 1, 581,000 + 157,170
Amhara* 9,500,000 18,000000 21,700,000 - 3,700,000
Somali* 2,533,363 17, 882, 909 5,776,000 + 12,106,909
Source; MoA & RD, 2004; Tegegne and Asefa, 2010
* whole region

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How information was drived?
Source of information
• for the livestock population
• Availability of feeds
• Quantity of feeds
 CSA, annual and censes reports
 household survey
 field observation and sampling

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Relibability of the data/ information
How reliable are the estimates ?
• Big questions ? No one is sure, but could be indicative
Where are the gaps?
• not exhaustive sampling
• great spatial and temporal variability
• diverse feed resource bases
• Dynamic changes over time
Are they adequate to inform current intervention and
future demand?
• not adequate but could help

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MATERIALS AND METHODS
2. Feed interventions
𝑌𝑖 = 𝑤1𝑠𝑖1 + 𝑤2𝑠𝑖2 + ⋯ + 𝑤𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑤𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑗𝑖
𝑛
𝑗=1𝑌𝑖 = 𝑤1𝑠𝑖1 + 𝑤2𝑠𝑖2 + ⋯ + 𝑤𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑤𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑗𝑖
𝑛
𝑗=1

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2. Feed interventions….
To bridge the gap in feed supply and demand
A. Traditional/ farmers & pastoralists interventions to over come seasonal
and spatial feed deficits . Percent contribution of different strategies
Strategies Liben
(Pasto
ral)
Mieso
(Agro-
P)
Tiyo
(Crop-
Livs)
Remark
Mobility ( nomadism) 25.2 12 0.1 Declining –
shortage of landTranshumance 10.4 15.6 0.2
Feed conservation 17.2 64.5 72.8
increasing
Herd management ( De/Re
socking
18.6 0.9 6.5
Purchase of feeds 1.5 7.5 13.6
other 28.8 0.5 6.8
Source; Mekasha et al, 2014

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2. Feed interventions….
B. Research and development interventions
 Improved forage crops cultivation
• very limited adoption and lack of perpetuation
 0.01% (Tefera et al., 2010), 10% (Agaje et al, 2017)
 shortage of land, lack of awareness, lack of experience, not market
oriented / no or less incentive
 Enhanced use of locally available feed resources
 Use of agro industrial by products/ ingredients
 high rate of sustained adoption
 limited availability and high price
 only available in urban areas and in rural areas close to urban areas
 Use of commercial concentrate mixtures
 Moderate adoption in commercial farms
 limited availability and high price
 only available in urban areas and in rural areas close to urban areas
 quality issues

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3. Tools/ Approaches for feed
interventions

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 Tools/ Approaches currently used for shaping feed
interventions include:
• small plot on farm and on station demonstrations
• farmers’ field days
• popularization/ scaling out
 What additional tools/ approaches to use ?
 market oriented technology generation, demonstration and
popularization
 Linking areas of surplus feed production and demand / infrastructure
 Availing feed processing equipment
3. Tools/ Approaches for feed interventions ……

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Thank you so much