This document summarizes key findings from neuroimaging studies on pain processing in the brain. A meta-analysis of 122 pain studies found activation in brain regions involved in sensory and affective pain processing, including the thalamus, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. Studies also show cortical thickness in pain regions correlates with pain modulation abilities and pain catastrophizing traits. Brain plasticity underlies changes from chronic pain, memory of pain, and phantom limb pain.
Pain and Opioids: damage and danger, mechanism and meaningMark Sullivan
In this presentation, I argue that pain exists more to protect than to inform, so survival implications affect pain processing. The salience and valence of pain are continually adjusted to promote survival. For humans, physical survival depends on social survival, so our brains have evolved to make both physical and social injury painful, with our endogenous opioid system modulating both forms of pain to promote both forms of survival.
Application of Pstim in Clinical Practice MaxiMedRx
The P-Stim and ANSiStim™ miniaturized device is designed to administer auricular point stimulation treatment over several days. The ear provides numerous points for stimulation within a small area. Stimulation is performed by electrical pulses emitted through strategically positioned needles. The ANSiscope device monitors the pain condition of the patient before, during and after the treatment.
The P-Stim and ANSiStim™ point stimulation therapy is mainly used to treat pain. Use of the device is recommended for pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative pain therapy as well as for the treatment of chronic pain. DyAnsys is researching the possibilities of using this concept for the treatment of depression, addiction and allergy.
P-Stim and ANSiStim™ therapy allows continuous point stimulation over a period of several days while offering the patient a high degree of comfort and mobility. Use of the P-Stim and ANSiStim™ therapy provides advantages over drug therapy by minimizing possible side-effects caused by pain medications (i.e. opioid). In most cases, the patient continues to lead a normal life without side effects or any loss of quality of life.
Pain and Opioids: damage and danger, mechanism and meaningMark Sullivan
In this presentation, I argue that pain exists more to protect than to inform, so survival implications affect pain processing. The salience and valence of pain are continually adjusted to promote survival. For humans, physical survival depends on social survival, so our brains have evolved to make both physical and social injury painful, with our endogenous opioid system modulating both forms of pain to promote both forms of survival.
Application of Pstim in Clinical Practice MaxiMedRx
The P-Stim and ANSiStim™ miniaturized device is designed to administer auricular point stimulation treatment over several days. The ear provides numerous points for stimulation within a small area. Stimulation is performed by electrical pulses emitted through strategically positioned needles. The ANSiscope device monitors the pain condition of the patient before, during and after the treatment.
The P-Stim and ANSiStim™ point stimulation therapy is mainly used to treat pain. Use of the device is recommended for pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative pain therapy as well as for the treatment of chronic pain. DyAnsys is researching the possibilities of using this concept for the treatment of depression, addiction and allergy.
P-Stim and ANSiStim™ therapy allows continuous point stimulation over a period of several days while offering the patient a high degree of comfort and mobility. Use of the P-Stim and ANSiStim™ therapy provides advantages over drug therapy by minimizing possible side-effects caused by pain medications (i.e. opioid). In most cases, the patient continues to lead a normal life without side effects or any loss of quality of life.
Acupuncture is one of the oldest types of therapy known to us for about five thousand years. It originated in Asia, specifically in China, was developed further and constituted a very essential part of medicine in that part of the world. In the West, acupuncture was virtually unknown until the year 1972. Professor Bischko was able to prove its mode of action using scientifically recognized methods of Western medicine.
Electro-acupuncture is already used on a word-wide scale at present, but has found only limited application in auricular acupuncture, due to the currently relatively large sized equipment. For this reason, a miniature form of electro- acupuncture has been developed, in order to permit carrying out long term auricular acupuncture. The main component of the device is a micro controller (in further sequence a microchip), which allows continuous stimulation in conjunction with an integrated acupuncture needle.
ABSTRACT: IASP (International Association for study of pain) defined pain as “an unpleasant, sensory and
emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage”.
Chronic Pain can be more described as a disease rather than a symptom. Antidepressants are the drugs that can elevate
the mood. Recent trials have elucidated that anti- depressants can be of worth in treating chronic pain conditions.
However, the safe use of these drugs depends on upon the clinician or any other health professional and their ability to
choose the right tolerated drug at safe doses. Any psychiatric comorbidity must be treated to avail best results with
anti-depressant therapy.However, most of the trials focus upon only Tri-CyclicAntidepressants and Selective
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Research into other novel Anti-depressant drugs may lead to best chances of recovery
in patients with chronic pain.
Chronic pain: Role of tricyclic antidepressants, dolsulepinSudhir Kumar
Chronic pain is common. Depression often co-exist with chronic pain. This article looks at the pathophysiology, prevalence of chronic pain and depression. The role of TCA, especially dosulepin and amitriptyline has been discussed.
Emotions are an unstoppable and uncontrollable aspect of mental state of human. Some bad situations give
stress and leads to different sufferings. One can’t avoid situation but can have awareness when body feel
stress or any other emotion. It becomes easy for doctors whose patient is not in condition to speak. In that
case person’s physiological parameters are measured to decide emotional status. While experiencing
different emotion, there are also physiological changes taking place in the human body, like variations in
the heart rate (ECG/HRV), skin conductance (GSR), breathing rate(BR), blood volume pulse(BVP),brain
waves (EEG), temperature and muscle tension. These were some of the metrics to sense emotive coefficient.
This research paper objective is to design and develop a portable, cost effective and low power
embedded system that can predict different emotions by using Naïve Bayes classifiers which are based on
probability models that incorporate class conditional independence assumptions. Inputs to this system are
various physiological signals and are extracted by using different sensors. Portable microcontroller used
in this embedded system is MSP430F2013 to automatically monitor the level of stress in computer. This
paper reports on the hardware and software instrumentation development and signal processing approach
used to detect the stress level of a subject.To check the device's performance, few experiments were done in
which 20 adults (ten women and ten men) who completed different tests requiring a certain degree of effort,
such as showing facing intense interviews in office.
Acupuncture is one of the oldest types of therapy known to us for about five thousand years. It originated in Asia, specifically in China, was developed further and constituted a very essential part of medicine in that part of the world. In the West, acupuncture was virtually unknown until the year 1972. Professor Bischko was able to prove its mode of action using scientifically recognized methods of Western medicine.
Electro-acupuncture is already used on a word-wide scale at present, but has found only limited application in auricular acupuncture, due to the currently relatively large sized equipment. For this reason, a miniature form of electro- acupuncture has been developed, in order to permit carrying out long term auricular acupuncture. The main component of the device is a micro controller (in further sequence a microchip), which allows continuous stimulation in conjunction with an integrated acupuncture needle.
ABSTRACT: IASP (International Association for study of pain) defined pain as “an unpleasant, sensory and
emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage”.
Chronic Pain can be more described as a disease rather than a symptom. Antidepressants are the drugs that can elevate
the mood. Recent trials have elucidated that anti- depressants can be of worth in treating chronic pain conditions.
However, the safe use of these drugs depends on upon the clinician or any other health professional and their ability to
choose the right tolerated drug at safe doses. Any psychiatric comorbidity must be treated to avail best results with
anti-depressant therapy.However, most of the trials focus upon only Tri-CyclicAntidepressants and Selective
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Research into other novel Anti-depressant drugs may lead to best chances of recovery
in patients with chronic pain.
Chronic pain: Role of tricyclic antidepressants, dolsulepinSudhir Kumar
Chronic pain is common. Depression often co-exist with chronic pain. This article looks at the pathophysiology, prevalence of chronic pain and depression. The role of TCA, especially dosulepin and amitriptyline has been discussed.
Emotions are an unstoppable and uncontrollable aspect of mental state of human. Some bad situations give
stress and leads to different sufferings. One can’t avoid situation but can have awareness when body feel
stress or any other emotion. It becomes easy for doctors whose patient is not in condition to speak. In that
case person’s physiological parameters are measured to decide emotional status. While experiencing
different emotion, there are also physiological changes taking place in the human body, like variations in
the heart rate (ECG/HRV), skin conductance (GSR), breathing rate(BR), blood volume pulse(BVP),brain
waves (EEG), temperature and muscle tension. These were some of the metrics to sense emotive coefficient.
This research paper objective is to design and develop a portable, cost effective and low power
embedded system that can predict different emotions by using Naïve Bayes classifiers which are based on
probability models that incorporate class conditional independence assumptions. Inputs to this system are
various physiological signals and are extracted by using different sensors. Portable microcontroller used
in this embedded system is MSP430F2013 to automatically monitor the level of stress in computer. This
paper reports on the hardware and software instrumentation development and signal processing approach
used to detect the stress level of a subject.To check the device's performance, few experiments were done in
which 20 adults (ten women and ten men) who completed different tests requiring a certain degree of effort,
such as showing facing intense interviews in office.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
DEFINITIONS OF PAIN
BENEFITS OF PAIN
NOCICEPTION
PAIN RECEPTORS
THEORIES OF PAIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF PAIN
PAIN PATHWAY
MECHANISM OF PAIN
PAIN ASSESSMENT
APPLIED ASPECTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ( TMS) for Chronic PainDr. Rafael Higashi
Aula sobre avanço no tratamento da dor crônica com o uso de Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT) ministrada por Dr. Rafael Higashi, médico neurologista, no departamento de tratamento da dor do Centro Médico da Universidade de Nova York, NYU, EUA.
www.estimulacaoneurologica.com.br
A NALYSIS OF P AIN H EMODYNAMIC R ESPONSE U SING N EAR -I NFRARED S PECTROSCOPYijma
Despite recent advances in brain research, understa
nding the various signals for pain and pain intensi
ties
in the brain cortex is still a complex task due to
temporal and spatial variations of brain haemodynam
ics.
In this paper we have investigated pain based on ce
rebral hemodynamics via near-infrared spectroscopy
(NIRS). This study presents a pain stimulation expe
riment that uses three acupuncture manipulation
techniques to safely induce pain in healthy subject
s. Acupuncture pain response was presented and
Haemodynamic pain signal analysis showed the presence of dominant channels and their relationship
among surrounding channels, which contribute the fu
rther pain research area.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
1. Impacts of pain on brain health explored using neuroimaging techniques: implications for patient treatment Emma Duerden, M.Sc. PhD candidate (Neurological Sciences) Département de physiologie Université de Montréal
32. Pain Meta-Analysis Zen meditators have thicker cortex in pain processing regions Grant, Duerden, Courtemanche, Duncan, and Rainville, Emotion 2009 submitted
33.
34.
35. Brain morphometric changes associated with pain catastrophizing D. Laverdure-Dupont; E.G. Duerden; A.-A. Dubé; K.J. Worsley; G.H. Duncan; G. Lavigne; P. Rainville
56. Acknowledgements Mentors: Dr. Gary Duncan Dr. Pierre Rainville Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Lab mates: Dr. Marie-Claire Albanese Jen-I Chen Mathieu Roy Joshua Grant Audrey-Anne Dub é Marianne Arsenault Mathieu Piché Collaborators: Dr. Bruce Pike Dr. Stefan Posse Dr. Keith Worsley Tech Support: Mathieu Desrosiers Leo Tenbokum
The variable Xi is defined as the likelihood of a pain-evoked activation coordinate will occur in any voxel in the anatomical MRI. The value of d is calculated as the Euclidean (3D) distance between the centre of mass of the voxel and that of the coordinate. The value for σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian blurring kernel. In the present study the standard deviation is 3.4mm with a FWHM blurring kernel of 8mm. This value was determined based on the average blurring kernel used by all of the studies included in the meta-analysis. Resulting values at each voxel are then multiplied by 8mm 3 (ΔV) to determine the extent of spatial localization probability of a pain-evoked activation occurring in the 3D template MRI that is sampled into 2 x 2 x 2mm voxels. For each coordinate in the meta-analysis the probabilistic value of pain-evoked activation is calculated and this value is also calculated for the coordinates as a whole.
We then performed a quantitative voxel-level meta-analysis on the coordinates and generated an ALE map. The method applies a spatial localization technique whereby each reported coordinate is initially given equal weighting not taking into account effect size. Probabilistic values are calculated for each coordinate whereby each point is assigned a likelihood of obtaining pain-evoked activation in every voxel in the template MRI. Values are assigned using the following formula from Laird et al., : The variable Xi is defined as the likelihood of a pain-evoked activation coordinate will occur in any voxel in the anatomical MRI. The value of d is calculated as the Euclidean (3D) distance between the centre of mass of the voxel and that of the coordinate. The value for σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian blurring kernel. In the present study the standard deviation is 3.4mm with a FWHM blurring kernel of 8mm. This value was determined based on the average blurring kernel used by all of the studies included in the meta-analysis. Resulting values at each voxel are then multiplied by 8mm 3 (ΔV) to determine the extent of spatial localization probability of a pain-evoked activation occurring in the 3D template MRI that is sampled into 2 x 2 x 2mm voxels. For each coordinate in the meta-analysis the probabilistic value of pain-evoked activation is calculated and this value is also calculated for the coordinates as a whole. In order to determine the distribution of the resulting ALE values, the resulting maps were compared to those randomly generated by way of a non-parametric permutation test (N=5000) . Essentially, 5000 groups of the same number of coordinates as that used in the meta-analysis of randomly generated coordinates were created and tested according to the same methods. The resulting distribution is then used as the null hypothesis to which the ALE values computed for the pain-evoked activation is compared to. The permutation test essentially determines as to whether the pain-evoked activation could be generated by random coordinates alone or represents coherent activation pattern across studies.
MNI outside 112 Tal 43
Pronounced recruitment of affective processes in high catastrophizers appears to be associated with an enhanced development of areas associated with emotional processing
I am interested to study long term effects of repeated exposure to painful stimuli and its relation to brain plasticity Not only training related changes in the brain and the effects of learning - next slide is a meta analysis on training related changes But also some models of chronic pain have been linked to rely on similar mechanisms involved in memory formation - such as LTP Also interested in brain plasticity in relation to loss of input as in the case of amputation Using online training to modify maladaptive brain plasticity
Results demonstrate that although structural changes occur in functional areas related to the task, increases also occur in associative areas such as the posterior parietal and temporal cortices. Furthermore, studies examining explicit learning showed an overlap of increased gray matter density in the hippocampal gyrus.
orderly connections between peripheral nerve afferents and the CNS
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