Acupuncture is one of the oldest types of therapy known to us for about five thousand years. It originated in Asia, specifically in China, was developed further and constituted a very essential part of medicine in that part of the world. In the West, acupuncture was virtually unknown until the year 1972. Professor Bischko was able to prove its mode of action using scientifically recognized methods of Western medicine. Electro-acupuncture is already used on a word-wide scale at present, but has found only limited application in auricular acupuncture, due to the currently relatively large sized equipment. For this reason, a miniature form of electro- acupuncture has been developed, in order to permit carrying out long term auricular acupuncture. The main component of the device is a micro controller (in further sequence a microchip), which allows continuous stimulation in conjunction with an integrated acupuncture needle.

1. PStim - Percutaneous Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation
www.pstimusa.com

2. Why
Acupuncture?
1. !Resources KSUWsCO-C. Literature3.jpg. [cited 2013 March 10]; Books Photo - Literature]. Available from:
http://www.k-state.edu/womenscenter/Violencework%20Advocacy/Womens%20Center%20Materials/Materials/other_related_sites.htm.!

3. Similarities to our Treatment
2. !Info ESCD. botox_effect.jpg. [cited 2013 March 10]; Available from: http://www.excessivesweatingcauses.info/botox-injections-for-treating-excessive-sweating/.!
1. !P-Stim USA L. P-Stim-Device-218x143.jpg. 2012 [cited 2013 March 10];

4. Auricular
acupuncture
“The innervation of the auricle is
the theoretical basis of different
reflex therapies.”
-E.T. Peuker Clinical Anatomy 2002
1. !Peuker ET, Filler TJ. The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat. 2002;15(1):35-7. Epub 2002/02/09.!

5. “The innervation of the auricle is
the theoretical basis of different
reflex therapies.”
-E.T. Peuker Clinical Anatomy 2002
1. !Peuker ET, Filler TJ. The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat. 2002;15(1):35-7. Epub 2002/02/09.!
2. !P-Stim USA L. P-Stim-Device-218x143.jpg. 2012 [cited 2013 March 10];
!
Shen Men: Stress, Pain, Anxiety
Gall Bladder Meridian
Vitality: Immune Disorders, Energy
AURICULAR
ACUPUNCTURE

6. 1. !Gach MR. gfx_ptlocation.gif. 2010 [cited 2013 March 10]; Available from: http://www.acupressure.com/acu-yoga/.!
!
2. !Hays J. 20080311-Accupuncture products stomach meridian points.jpg. 2012 [cited 2013 March 10].!
!
3. !La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, de-la-Hoz JL, Fernandez-Carnero J, Ge HY, Linares MT, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular
disorders of muscular origin: a systematic review of the last decade. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, NY. 2010;16(1):107-12. Epub 2009/12/30.!
!
Acupoints For “TMD” and Headache
Gall Bladder 20 Stomach 2,5,6,7 Small Intestine 19

7. ! Heart
! Liver
! Small Intestine
! Large Intestine
! Bladder
Traditional: Mystical?
1. !Blanchard, K. Artist's Rendition of Ancient Chinese anatomical drawing Adapted from Dr. Joseph Wong's "A Manual of Neuro-Anatomical Acupuncture; volume 1". 2013.!

8. What Does Needling Do?
Increased Activity of Pain Modulation and Decreased Activity
of Pain Cognition and Affect"
1. !Chae Y, Chang DS, Lee SH, Jung WM, Lee IS, Jackson S, et al. Inserting Needles Into the Body: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Activity Associated With
Acupuncture Needle Stimulation. J Pain. 2013. Epub 2013/02/12.!

9. What Does Touch Do?
Same areas are active; to a much lesser degree"1. !Chae Y, Chang DS, Lee SH, Jung WM, Lee IS, Jackson S, et al. Inserting Needles Into the Body: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Activity Associated With
Acupuncture Needle Stimulation. J Pain. 2013. Epub 2013/02/12.!

10. Mechanisms?
Endorphins?"
Pain
1. !Melzack R, Guite S, Gonshor A. Relief of dental pain by ice massage of the hand. Canadian Medical Association journal. 1980;122(2):189-91. Epub 1980/01/26.!
2. !Miura K, Ohara T, Zeredo JL, Okada Y, Toda K, Sumikawa K. Effects of traditional "Juci" (contralateral acupuncture) on orofacial nociceptive behavior in the rat. Journal of anesthesia.
2007;21(1):31-6. Epub 2007/02/08.!
3. !Shen J. Research on the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture: review of selected studies and methodological issues. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine.
2001;7(1):121-7.!
4. !Rosted P. Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry. British dental journal. 2000;189(3):136-40. Epub 2000/10/06.!
5. !Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice. Annals of internal medicine. 2002;136(5):374-83. Epub 2002/03/05.!
6. !Naloxone. [cited 2013 March 11]; Photo; Naloxone]. Available from: http://www.launc.tased.edu.au/online/sciences/agsci/alkalo/medicin.htm.!
7. !Acupuncture Cartoon. [cited 2013 March 11]; Available from: http://www.medicalboox.com/2012/08/finding-success-in-using-acupuncture.html#sthash.jfxbwink.ngPoSHW0.dpbs.!
!
No Pain Pain

11. Mechanisms?
1. !Melzack R, Guite S, Gonshor A. Relief of dental pain by ice massage of the hand. Canadian Medical Association journal. 1980;122(2):189-91. Epub
1980/01/26.!
2. !Miura K, Ohara T, Zeredo JL, Okada Y, Toda K, Sumikawa K. Effects of traditional "Juci" (contralateral acupuncture) on orofacial nociceptive behavior in
the rat. Journal of anesthesia. 2007;21(1):31-6. Epub 2007/02/08.!
3. !Shen J. Research on the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture: review of selected studies and methodological issues. The Journal of
Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 2001;7(1):121-7.!
4. !Rosted P. Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry. British dental journal. 2000;189(3):136-40. Epub 2000/10/06.!
5. !Picture In a Dream. 2012 [cited 2013 March 11]; Available from: http://picinadream.blogspot.ca/2012/04/illustration-friday-puzzled.html.!
!
Bunny 1 Acupuncture
CSF Exchange
Bunny 2 Has no Pain

12. Stim
de Qi"1. !Xu SB, Huang B, Zhang CY, Du P, Yuan Q, Bi GJ, et al. Effectiveness of strengthened stimulation during acupuncture for the treatment of Bell palsy: a randomized
controlled trial. CMAJ. 2013. Epub 2013/02/27.!

13. Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice.
Annals of internal medicine. 2002;136(5):374-83. Epub
2002/03/05.!
• Historically,
acupuncturists consider
the patient– physician
relationship and
therapeutic encounter
itself to be inherently
potent and sufficient
to promote healing !

14. Haour F. [Mechanisms of placebo effect and of conditioning: neurobiological
data in human and animals]. Med Sci (Paris). 2005;21(3):315-9. Mecanismes
de l'effet placebo et du conditionnement: donnees neurobiologiques chez
l'homme et l'animal.
• ...placebo induces biological or
psychological effects in the human...
Dopamine and endorphins have
been clearly involved as mediators
of the placebo effect. Brain imaging
has demonstrated that the placebo
effect activates the brain similarly as
the active drug and in the same
brain area. !
1. !Placebo.jpg. [cited 2013 March 11]; Photo - Brain, Stethescope, Placebo!
]. Available from: http://www.taringa.net/posts/ciencia-educacion/16172253/Megapost-13-Cosas-Inexplicables-para-la-ciencia.html.!

15. Conclusions
Acupuncture increases practitioner-
patient interaction (therapy or placebo?)
Interaction and Touch alter
neurotransmitters and brain function to
promote relief from pain
Acupuncture does what touch does, but
more intensely
Stimulated acupuncture does this even
more so