This document provides an overview of decision support systems (DSS) and knowledge management. It discusses the types of DSS including status inquiry systems, data analysis systems, and model-based systems. It also covers knowledge management topics such as tacit vs explicit knowledge, knowledge building processes, and knowledge-based expert systems. Knowledge management systems aim to identify, define, generate, deliver, and store organizational knowledge to support decision making. DSS and knowledge management tools can help decision makers understand problems, identify alternatives, and make better, more informed decisions.
Training Slides of Decision Support System, discussing how the system as an interactive computer-based system that is being effectively used in communications technologies.
Some keypoints:
- The Decision Support Paradigm
- Basic Concepts of DSS
- Examples of DSS
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
Decision Making and Information SystemsAriful Saimon
Premier University
[B.B.A]
Submitted To : Lecturer MS. Samima Parvez
Subject : Decision Making and Information
Semester: 5th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Group Name: D’5
E-mail : Saimonchy20@gmail.com
Training Slides of Decision Support System, discussing how the system as an interactive computer-based system that is being effectively used in communications technologies.
Some keypoints:
- The Decision Support Paradigm
- Basic Concepts of DSS
- Examples of DSS
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
Decision Making and Information SystemsAriful Saimon
Premier University
[B.B.A]
Submitted To : Lecturer MS. Samima Parvez
Subject : Decision Making and Information
Semester: 5th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Group Name: D’5
E-mail : Saimonchy20@gmail.com
ERP integrates business of an organization through a centralized database. The organizational data and transaction data are stored in the database. This data is a rich source of information. There are many software tools that would process the data and discover useful patterns. These techniques are referred to as data mining. The data from an ERP system may not be directly usable by data mining tools. The data may have to be pre-processed and made ready for data mining. A data warehouse is created from the ERP data that makes the data ready for data mining. An organization needs to interact with their suppliers for obtaining the raw material or semi-finished goods. They also need to interact with their retailers and dealers. These interactions may happen using EDI technology. Supply chain management (SCM) refers to managing suppliers and retailers. Customers are the reason why a business exists. The focus has changed from providing customer a product to providing a service built around the product. Customer relationship management (CRM) is the technology that helps an organization to manage its customers. CRM and SCM both integrate with ERP system and are collectively referred to as ERP-II.
What is business intelligence and where it is applicable is described in this presentation. The subject is offered as elective to BE IT students of Pune University.
We have to learn ERP because in future if we get to develop an ERP module or work on it, then we must understand the business needs that it is trying to fulfill.
When we clearly understand the functioning of a department in an enterprise, then we will be able to develop a module to automate it.
We also need to understand the interaction between modules.
This presentation will help you understand the basic building blocks of Business Intelligence. Learn how decisions are triggered, the complete decision process and who makes decisions in the corporate world.
More importantly, understand core components of a Business Intelligence architecture such as a data warehouse, data mining, OLAP (Online analytical procession) , OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and data reporting. Each component plays an integral part which enables today's managers and decision makers collect, analyze and interpret data to make it actionable for decision making.
Business intelligence has become an integral part that needs to be incorporated to ensure business survival. It is a tool that helps analyze historical data and forecast future so that your are always one step ahead in your business.
Please feel free to like, share and comment as you please!
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
ERP integrates business of an organization through a centralized database. The organizational data and transaction data are stored in the database. This data is a rich source of information. There are many software tools that would process the data and discover useful patterns. These techniques are referred to as data mining. The data from an ERP system may not be directly usable by data mining tools. The data may have to be pre-processed and made ready for data mining. A data warehouse is created from the ERP data that makes the data ready for data mining. An organization needs to interact with their suppliers for obtaining the raw material or semi-finished goods. They also need to interact with their retailers and dealers. These interactions may happen using EDI technology. Supply chain management (SCM) refers to managing suppliers and retailers. Customers are the reason why a business exists. The focus has changed from providing customer a product to providing a service built around the product. Customer relationship management (CRM) is the technology that helps an organization to manage its customers. CRM and SCM both integrate with ERP system and are collectively referred to as ERP-II.
What is business intelligence and where it is applicable is described in this presentation. The subject is offered as elective to BE IT students of Pune University.
We have to learn ERP because in future if we get to develop an ERP module or work on it, then we must understand the business needs that it is trying to fulfill.
When we clearly understand the functioning of a department in an enterprise, then we will be able to develop a module to automate it.
We also need to understand the interaction between modules.
This presentation will help you understand the basic building blocks of Business Intelligence. Learn how decisions are triggered, the complete decision process and who makes decisions in the corporate world.
More importantly, understand core components of a Business Intelligence architecture such as a data warehouse, data mining, OLAP (Online analytical procession) , OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and data reporting. Each component plays an integral part which enables today's managers and decision makers collect, analyze and interpret data to make it actionable for decision making.
Business intelligence has become an integral part that needs to be incorporated to ensure business survival. It is a tool that helps analyze historical data and forecast future so that your are always one step ahead in your business.
Please feel free to like, share and comment as you please!
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
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2. Page 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understanding of DSS for MIS design
Types of DSS
Operational Research Models
Knowledge and Knowledge management
Knowledge building process
Tacit and explicit knowledge
Knowledge based expert system.
3. Page 3
DSS:Concets and philosophy
DSS are an application of Herbert Simon model(intelligence,design and
choice)
It is help the information system to identify problem and then provide
solution
Helps in decision making process for management
Provide effectiveness so that performance evaluation take place using
DSS
It generally focused on class of system
Using dss decision can be classified in 2 ways programmable and
nonprogrammable decisions
Programmable decisions are those which has particular structure and
follow certain rules and regulation
Non programmable decisions are assumed decision which is unstructured
and can not follow any rules.
4. Page 4
Types OF DSS
Status inquiry systems:
in this systems decisions comes on basic of status if the status is
known the decision is automatic
• Data Analysis Systems:
These decision systems are based on corporative analysis, this
processes are not structured and therefore it is vary. the use of simple
data processing tools and business rules are required to develop this
system.
• Information and Analysis Systems:
in this system data is analyzed and information reports are
generated. The reports might be having exception as feature. the decision
maker use this reports for assessment of situation.
5. Page 5
Types OF DSS
Accounting Systems:
These systems are not necessarily for decision making but they are
desirable to keep track of the major aspects of the business or functions.
It is based on data processing systems. This system is specially related
with accounting application like cash, inventory etc
• Model Based Systems:
These systems are simulations models or optimizations models for
decision making.
6. Page 6
Types OF DSS
In order to illustrate these DSS let us take example of material
management functions and the variety of decision and type of systems
are used to support and evaluate the decision
Decision Types of Systems requied
Finding and selection of vendor Inquiry system
Procurement Performance analysis system
Pricing Data analysis
Selection of vendor based on price and
quality performance
Information analysis system
Selection of order quantity Model based system
Inventory rationalization Valuation of inventory and accounting
system
Management of inventory within various
financial and stocking constraints
Inventory optimization model
7. Page 7
DSS
Facts OF DSS
- The dss are developed by users and system analyst jointly.
- The dss uses the principles of economics, science and engineering and
tools of management
- The data uses in dss is drawn from the information systems developed
from company
- It is isolated from independenent system of MIS
- The most common uses of dss is to test the decision alternatives and also
test the sensitivity of the result to change in the system assumptions.
- The data and information for the dss are used as internal sources such as
database and conventional files
8. Page 8
DSS Models
The DSS uses three approaches which are as given
DSS
Behavior
Models
Management
Science model
OR Models
9. Page 9
DSS: Models
Behavior Models:
- These models are useful in understanding the behavior amongst the
business variables
- The decision maker can make decisions giving regards to such behavior
relationships.
- The trend analysis, forecasting and the stastical analysis models are
example of this model
- A trend analysis indicates how different variables behave in trend setting
in the past and hence in the future.
- The regression model is example of stastical approaches and generally it
is used to count correlation between one or more variables
- These types of models are largerly used in process control, marketing etc.
10. Page 10
DSS: Models
Management science models:
- These models are developed on the business management accounting
and economics.
- These are some management which can be converted into for dss
models
- For examples the cost accounting systems, the system of capital
budgeting for better return on investment.
11. Page 11
DSS: Models
Operational Research (OR) models:
- It is mathematical model
- These models represent a real life problem situation in terms of variables,
constants and parameters expressed in algebraic equations.
- It is generally used to compare 2 variables and f aspects.ind conclusion
from this
- OR models generally try to find a solution which maximizes certain
aspects of business under conditions of constraints
12. Page 12
GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS(GDSS)
It is part of DSS
Main difference is in GDSS there are number of people involve compare
to DSS
Same characteristics of DSS like database,query,olap,stastical analysis
and others which a group of people need to take decisions
The main objective is to take decision with take suggestions from all the
members of group and implement this suggestions into decisions.
In GDSS group members intrect,debate,communicate and conclude using
different tool and technique.
GDSS is process that can be run online to conclude important decisions.
13. Page 13
GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS(GDSS)
The group members have some configuration which are as mention
beloved:
1)Group members in one room operating on network with common display
screen to share display for all members.GDSS process is transparent
2)Group members sit in their respective locations and use their desktop
and LAN to interact with other members.GDSS process is not as
transparent as ‘1’
3)Group members are in different cities and they come together threw
teleconferencing or video conferencing with prior planning
4)Group members are at remote locations may be in different countries and
they come together through long distance telecommunication network.
14. Page 14
GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS(GDSS)
In all 4 configurations,GDSS support software is available on server for
members to use. there are some common activities which are as mention
beloved:
- Sending and receiving information in all forms, type across the network
- Display of notes,graphic,drawings,pictures
- Sharing's ideas choice and indicating preferences
- Participate in decision making process with input, help and so on.
15. Page 15
Artificial intelligence system(AI)
Intelligence supports knowledge and reasoning ability of persons it
becomes artificial intelligence
When some AI is picked into a database as a system, then we have AI
system
AI System fall three basic category which are:
- Expert systems(Knowledge based)
- Natural language(Native languages)
- Perception systems(vision,speech,touch)
• AI is a software technique which applied on the non numerical data
expressed in terms of symbols, statements and patterns
• Ai uses in analysis,planning,training and forecasting.
16. Page 16
Artificial intelligence system(AI)
AI do not replace people
The best example of Ai is knowledge based expert systems
Combinative science application uses knowledge and human information
processing capabilities to produce major application as expert systems.
Natural interface application uses AI to build natural,realistic,multi sensory
human computer interface.
Generally AI systems is related with virtual world in short it is related with
real world.
17. Page 17
DSS Application in E-enterprise
DSS is data driven and model driven.
They are used for solving problem requiring a systematic approach.
The decision is applied on supply chain management
It is depend on structural decision are:
- Deciding number of warehouses, service centres,manufacturing units etc
Use of mechanized and automated material handling system in warehouse
Use of inventory models to decide decisions.
18. Page 18
DSS Application in E-enterprise
The application areas of AI
AI Application
HR Information
Processing
Capability
Computer
Uses for
production
Computer
Uses for
interfacing
AI Applicatins
Robotics
application
Natural interface
Application
19. Page 19
Knowledge management
Knowledge is the ability of a person to understand the situation and act
effectively
Knowledgeable persons should have ability to abstract, understand,
speculate and act of subject.
Knowledge is a set of information which provides capability to understand
different situations , enables to anticipate implications and judge their
effects, suggest ways or clues to handle situations
Knowledge is provide a complete platform to handle complex situation
and it has capability to provide complete solution to decision maker.
Knowledge is best illustrated and applicable to resolve complex problem
situations.
20. Page 20
Structure and Architecture of Knowledge
Customer
Intelligence
Database
Knowledge
Database
Information
Database
DSS Software Solutions
Model based System
Business Forcasting
Business planning
Stastical Analysis ROI
Systems
Data Driven
Systems
Pay off
Analysis
Decision
Tree
21. Page 21
Knowledge Management
It is the systematic and explicit management of knowledge related
activities.
KM is comprehensive towards focusing on three perspectives of business
operational, tactical and strategic
KM dispels some myths which must be mentioned for correction
- KM initiatives and activities lead to more work. Instead improved
knowledge and usage.
- KM initiatives and activities is an additional function. Instead it is an
extension to existing technology driven information management function.
- People are often afraid to share their knowledge.
22. Page 22
Knowledge Management
KM has following processes
- Define,capture,manipulate,store and develop
- Develop information systems for knowledge creation
- Design applications for improving organization’s effectiveness
- Create knowledge set for example intellectual capital to increase
economics.
- Keep IC continuously on upgrade to use it is a central resource
- Distribute and share to concerned
23. Page 23
Knowledge Management- Driving forces
Driving Force
External Internal
Competitors Analysis
Customization
Continuous evaluation
Business partner
Analysis
Effectiveness
Behavior analysis
Knowledge intensive
work
Intelligence
24. Page 24
Knowledge Management Systems
Some facts about knowledge management
Facts Comments
Km leads more additional work Reduce problem solving time in routine
and non-routine situation
Km is an additional function and a high
overhead
Though it is additional function but not
provide any benefit
Requires investment in hardware and
software
Operational and tacit knowledge
doesn’t need any investment
People doesn’t like to share knowledge Yes, But it is managed
Knowledge is kept secret No today’s knowledge is a general
knowledge of tomorrow
Km is a static system No it is dynamic
Knowledge is an analytical information,
processed for specific goal
Yes it is provide a perfect problem
solving mechanism
25. Page 25
Knowledge Management Systems architecture
KMS
Identification
Definition
Survey
Build Structure
Knowledge
Generation
Process
Manipulate
Create DB
Knowledge
Delivery
Access
Control
Application
Method
Storage &
Security
26. Page 26
Knowledge Management Systems architecture
Identification:
in this phase the knowledge definition, scope and category has
been defined then surveys and knowledge structure has been build.
• Knowledge generation:
In this step the knowledge manipulation, process and knowledge
database has been generated.
• Knowledge delivery:
this step involves knowledge sharing with proper access control
with authorization and authentication process.
27. Page 27
Knowledge management
Tools of KM:
- Database management tools
- DW,Data mining and Data mart
- Process modeling and management tools
- Workflow management tools
- Search engine tools
- Web based tools
28. Page 28
Knowledge based expert system(KBES)
KBES is one kind of problem solving mechanism which generally deals
with uncertain conditions
It is helpful in open decision making process where the situation is full of
uncertainty.
It deals with applicable constriants,examines all possible alternatives and
selects one from this which is near from its goal.
This system is work as source of knowledge
It is developed by experts so this system has ability deal with any kind of
uncertain condition
29. Page 29
Knowledge based expert system(KBES)
KBES MODEL
USER CONTROL
MECHANISM
KNOWLEDGE
BASE
INTERFACE
MECHANISM
30. Page 30
Knowledge based expert system(KBES)
Knowledge base:
It is a database of knowledge consisting of the theoretical
foundation, facts, rules, formulas and experience. It is a structural storage
with facilities of easy access.
• Interface mechanism:
It is a tool to intercept the knowledge available and to perform
logical deductions in a given situations.
• User Control Mechanism:
it is a tool applied to the inference mechanism to select, interpret
and deduct or intert.this mechanism uses knowledge base in guiding the
inference process.
31. Page 31
The benefits of DSS
Ability to deal with data, information in different dimensions and sensing
the problem, trend, pattern threw different views
Ability to understand business performance threw evaluations
Ability to identify problem and understand its impact on business.
Ability identify negative Areas of business where the impact starts from.
Ability view a complex scenarios
Ability to make better decisions due to quick
analysis,modeling,developing alternatives and testing for selections
Ability to control risk exposure in decisions.