The document discusses anti-reflective (AR) hybrid coatings developed by DSM for glass applications, highlighting their technology, performance, and potential applications in various markets such as solar cells and displays. Key features include tunable optical performance and multiple coating application methods, including dip, roll, spray, and slot-die coating. DSM's khepricoat™ has demonstrated significant performance improvements, achieving up to a 5% increase in light transmission under various conditions.

1. Anti-Reflective Hybrid Coatings
for Glass Application
N. Arfsten, P. Buskens, R. Habets, T. Kockelkoren, H. Langermans,
A. Overbeek, R. Rijk, M. Rooijmans, J. Scheerder,
Kornelia Matloka
GPD Finland 2011

2. Outline
• DSM and DSM EBA Advanced Surfaces
• Introduction to anti-reflective (AR) coatings
• DSM AR coating technology and applications
• DSM ‘s AR coating performance for solar cell cover glass
• AR coating application technologies
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

3. DSM -100 Years Of Successful
Transformations
Royal DSM N.V. uses its competences in life sciences and materials sciences
to create solutions that nourish, protect and improve performance
Evolution Bioterials / Biologics
Life Science Products
Performance Materials
Petrochemicals
Fertilizers
Coal
1902 1930 1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 Technological competences
Mechanical engineering
Chemical engineering
Polymer technology
Material science
Fine chemicals
classical modern Biotechnology
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

4. DSM Innovation Center
Accelerating and Supporting Innovation
DSM Innovation Center
New Business Development Shared Services
EBA Biomedical Excellence in Innovation
EBA Bio-based CTO Office
Products & Services
EBA Advanced Surfaces Licensing
Business Incubator Venturing
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

5. Nanostructured Functional Coatings
Functional coating:
A functional coating is a coating which achieves any additional function beyond that of the
usual protective and decorative.
Nanostructured hybrids
hybrid materials prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of metal oxide precursors
in the presence of organic molecules, polymers or biocomponents;
controlled/structured on nano-level
DSM examples:
Anti-reflective on glass and plastics
Anti-static
Anti-fouling
Anti-fogging
Self-cleaning
Anti-microbial (BMM)
Lubricious (BMM)
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

6. Product Portfolio & Pipeline
Available antireflective products:
claryl: picture framing/art displays
KhepriCoatTM: outdoor durable coating for lighting cover glass
Future product pipeline (combination of functionalities):
For electronic display and thin film solar markets:
• Easy-to-clean + antireflective coating
• Anti reflective coatings (one side) and conductive coatings (other side) for glass
and plastic substrates
• Functional materials
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

7. Antireflective Coatings
Reflection can be reduced and transmission can be increased by using
antireflective coatings.
In general there are 2 different anti-reflective coating technologies:
1.Interference-type multilayer systems
– Expensive
2.Single layer nanoporous silica-based systems
– Refractive index and thickness tuned to minimize the total reflection
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

8. Single Layer Antireflective Coatings:
“Moulton Relationship”
Moulton US2432484 (1943)
Cleanability
Mechanics
DSM’s coating
(Picture courtesy of Corning)
Optics
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

9. Single Layer Antireflective Coatings:
Traditional vs.Core-shell AR Coatings
Solid silica particles
Binder
~100nm
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

10. Coating’s Surface Analysis
There is a certain surface roughness, but not
on such scale as in the traditional AR
White Light Optical Profiler
AFM image
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

11. Coating’s Surface Analysis: SEM

12. Preparation Core-Shell Particles
Coating application method
depends on the product application
Silica precursor
aqueous polymer
dispersion
-
alcohol
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ +
+ + +
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

13. DSM’s Antireflective Coating Technology
• DSM’s AR coating can be applied by various coating technologies:
– 2-sided: dip coating
– 1-sided: roll, spray or slot-die coating
• DSM’s AR coating can be applied on different types of glass:
– Float glass
– Patterned glass
– Borosilicate glass
• Flexible curing conditions:
– Batch ovens (450 C)
– Temper ovens (700 C)
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

14. Applications
Value proposition: Value proposition:
improved light transmission improved light transmission
for better visibility for higher yield/ energy saving
•Picture framing •Photovoltaic cells
•Refrigerator and freezer doors •Solar thermal collectors
•Cabinets, shop furniture •Horticulture
•Architectural glass •Lighting
•Decorative glass •Lenses
•Displays
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

15. DSM’s AR Coating Performance
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

16. Optical Performance on 4.0 mm Float Glass
1-sided coated 4 mm ultrawhite float glass
• KhepriCoat™ has an excellent performance on float and on rolled glass
• Maximum gain/peak in transmission (perpendicular) up to 4%
• Average gain in transmission up to 3% (depending on wavelength range)
Transmission single side Khepricoat(TM) on 4mm SG Albarino-T
96 4,5
4
95
3,5
94
3
% gain (2nd Y-axis)
93 2,5
% gain [red line]
% Transmission
Transmission Single side Khepricoat(TM) on 4mm Pilkington Optiwhite
96 4.5 2
92
4 1,5
95
91 1
3.5
94
0,5
90
3 Uncoated
93 With 1-side Kherpicoat(TM) 0
% gain [red line]
% Transmission
% gain (2nd Y-axis) % gain
2.5 89
-0,5
92
2 88 -1
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
91
1.5 Wavelength [nm]
90
Uncoated 1
With 1-side Kherpicoat(TM)
89 % gain
0.5
88 0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
Wavelength [nm]
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

17. Tunable optical performance
By varying coating thickness optical properties can be tuned
100
98 Dipping speed
(mm/sec):
96 glass
2mm
transmission [%]
3mm
94
4mm
5mm
92 6mm
7mm
8mm
90 9mm
88
86
300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
wavelength [nm]
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

18. Optical Performance:
Angle-Dependent Transmission
• The gain in transmission increases at higher angles of incidence to almost
10% (green line)
• The biggest gain in transmission is obtained at angles above 30 degrees
100 10
95 9
Average transmission 370-800 nm [%]
Transmission gain (%)
uncoated glass
90 8 AR-coated glass
Transm is sion gain
85 7
80 6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Angle of incidence [deg]
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

19. Performance of KhepriCoat™ coated
PV-modules
• Passed all tests according to IEC 61215 (damp-heat, humidity-freeze,
thermal cycling)
• TüV certification for commercial modules with
KhepriCoat™ AR coating obtained
• No degradation during damp-heat test for 2000 hours
(twice the IEC test norm)
• Up to 3% performance increase at normal angle
• Up to 5% performance increase at 60 deg
Module tests performed at Photovoltaik Institut Berlin (www.pi-berlin.com)

20. KhepriCoat™ Performance and Durability
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

21. Coating Application Methods
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

22. Application Process Development
Two sided coatings:
• A commercial dip coating plant is operational at DSM (®claryl)
• DSM provides technological support to customers
Single sided coatings:
DSM is commercializing three technologies:
1. Roll coating >3 m/min
2. Spray coating – 2012
3. Slot die coating – pilot coating line at DSM
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

23. DSM’s Slot-Die Process
• Slot-die is known e.g. from the photographic industry to coat plastic foils with
micron thick, non-optical coatings
• DSM adapted the technology to make it suitable for high speed deposition of
optical coatings on rigid (glass) substrates (thickness = 100 – 150 nm; thickness
tolerance = 2 nm)
• DSM patented the adapted process
• Pilot-line available at DSM

24. One-Side Coating Processes
Choice of process depends on desired production speed and optical
requirements of final product
• Spray coating: high production speeds possible (up to 20 meters per
minute); low to medium level of optical homogeneity
• Roll coating: medium production speeds possible (up to 5 meters per
minute); medium to high level of optical homogeneity
• DSM’s slot-die process: high production speeds and high level of optical
homogeneity
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

25. Acknowledgements :
R&D AR development & customer support:
Nanning Arfsten, Jens Thies, Pascal Buskens, Roberto Habets, Patrick
Vrijaldenhoven, Harm Langermans, Ad Overbeek, Jurgen Scheerder, Ron de
Rijk, Marnix Rooijmans, Tessa Kockelkoren
Business development:
Hugo Schoot,
Chantal Jorissen

26. DSM Contact Persons
Mr. Hugo Schoot Dr. Kornelia Matloka
Business Development Manager R&D Scientist
Glass Performance Days, Finland 2011

27. Thank you for your attention
Contact us via www.khepricoat.com