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DOWNSCALING DROUGHT
  TO NATURAL RESOURCE SUSTAINABILITY

: PDM (Preventive Disaster Management) Options



                    Dr. Anil K Gupta
                   Associate Professor
   (Environmental Resources and Disaster Management Group)
National Institute of Disaster Management
                      (Govt. of India)
                    New Delhi - 110002
Drought in India

• 68% India vulnerable
• Covers penninsular and western India –
  primarily arid, semi-arid and sub-humid
  regions
• states: Karnataka (14), Gujrat (12), Maharashtra (11),
  Rajasthan (12), Tamilnadu (8), MP (10), AP (8), Bihar
  (6), UP (6), Haryana (4), Orissa (4), WB (3), J&K (2),
  Jharkhand (1), Chhattisgarh (1)
Understanding drought?
 Drought definitions?
 -Evidence of drought usually seen in rainfall
 records.
 -Crop failures, joblessness and famines:
    - Political noises for drought declaration
    - Relief works
    - Calamity fund releases
    - Schemes and short term programmes
 Drought is a period of drier-than-normal
 conditions that lead to water related problems.
 Question: Act of God Vs. Act of Man
 ---- Human Made Act of God
Types of drought
• Meteorological
• Hydrological
• Agricultural
              Question again: Natural or ?? Man-made

- Environmental Drought ? Environment ..that naturally
  rejuvenates, stores & provides
- Socio-economic ? that suffers scarcity: Quantity OR Quality ?
View point: outside a political manual
or drought declaration

                  DROUGHT SEQUENCE

     Meteorological                            Hydrological




                          Environmental



     Ecosystems              Agriculture             Habitation




                      Socio-economic Drought
Drought: short-supply of water ?
What actually governs supply for whole
year and for lean season?
1. Rainfall directly and only?
2. Ecosystems? (bio-geo systems)
3. Human habitat? (engineering)
4. Human habitat? (habits & culture)

1&2: Natural (Act of God) 3&4: Man-made
Groundwater depletion
•   50% total irrigation in country dependent on GW
•   60% of irrigation food prod. From GW
•   GW table decline 1-2 mtrs/year in regions N Gujrat, S
    Raj., Saurastra, TN (Madurai & Coimbature distt.), Karnataka (Kolar),
    AP (Rayalseema), parts of Punjab & Haryana

• 10% blocks overexploited (CWC): beyond critical
    level; risk growing at 5.5% yearly
•   61% hydro-geo blocks of Punjab categorised 10%
    grey (zero)

• Man-made activity
• Nature offers remedy
Socio-economic drought
         Short Supply in Lean Season
             Less water          Water unfit for use

  Less rain     Less storage       Naturally    Polluted

  Climatic     Surface         Ground      Human activity
  Human - Ecosystems             Natural
             - Engineered
PREVENTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT

A. Hazard – Vulnerability   Disaster   Relief




B. Hazard - Mitigation      Disaster   Relief


A: Business as Usual;
B; Preferred Approach
S&T and Community:
Sustainable Ecoremediation

Answer in nature:
- Natural storage sites and systems
- Human habits and culture
- GW recharge – the natural ways
- Cropping systems
- Catchments & River basins
- Programmes ??
- Integration and impact assessments
The success lies in applying best available tools
  with wisdom for integrating them into systems in
  harmony with nature and cultural settings,
with acceptability to innovations and rejuvenating
  potential traditional knowledge putting into place.
  It requires overhauling….of the system….before
  that the approach…and first out mindset:

- In case of these so called ‘act of God’, what
   governs the water (in God’s approach): there lies
   the answer.
THANK YOU


• Website: www.nidm.gov.in/anil.asp
• Email: ecosafeindia@hotmail.com

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Drought disaster and natural resources

  • 1. DOWNSCALING DROUGHT TO NATURAL RESOURCE SUSTAINABILITY : PDM (Preventive Disaster Management) Options Dr. Anil K Gupta Associate Professor (Environmental Resources and Disaster Management Group) National Institute of Disaster Management (Govt. of India) New Delhi - 110002
  • 2. Drought in India • 68% India vulnerable • Covers penninsular and western India – primarily arid, semi-arid and sub-humid regions • states: Karnataka (14), Gujrat (12), Maharashtra (11), Rajasthan (12), Tamilnadu (8), MP (10), AP (8), Bihar (6), UP (6), Haryana (4), Orissa (4), WB (3), J&K (2), Jharkhand (1), Chhattisgarh (1)
  • 3. Understanding drought? Drought definitions? -Evidence of drought usually seen in rainfall records. -Crop failures, joblessness and famines: - Political noises for drought declaration - Relief works - Calamity fund releases - Schemes and short term programmes Drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions that lead to water related problems. Question: Act of God Vs. Act of Man ---- Human Made Act of God
  • 4. Types of drought • Meteorological • Hydrological • Agricultural Question again: Natural or ?? Man-made - Environmental Drought ? Environment ..that naturally rejuvenates, stores & provides - Socio-economic ? that suffers scarcity: Quantity OR Quality ?
  • 5. View point: outside a political manual or drought declaration DROUGHT SEQUENCE Meteorological Hydrological Environmental Ecosystems Agriculture Habitation Socio-economic Drought
  • 6. Drought: short-supply of water ? What actually governs supply for whole year and for lean season? 1. Rainfall directly and only? 2. Ecosystems? (bio-geo systems) 3. Human habitat? (engineering) 4. Human habitat? (habits & culture) 1&2: Natural (Act of God) 3&4: Man-made
  • 7. Groundwater depletion • 50% total irrigation in country dependent on GW • 60% of irrigation food prod. From GW • GW table decline 1-2 mtrs/year in regions N Gujrat, S Raj., Saurastra, TN (Madurai & Coimbature distt.), Karnataka (Kolar), AP (Rayalseema), parts of Punjab & Haryana • 10% blocks overexploited (CWC): beyond critical level; risk growing at 5.5% yearly • 61% hydro-geo blocks of Punjab categorised 10% grey (zero) • Man-made activity • Nature offers remedy
  • 8. Socio-economic drought Short Supply in Lean Season Less water Water unfit for use Less rain Less storage Naturally Polluted Climatic Surface Ground Human activity Human - Ecosystems Natural - Engineered
  • 9. PREVENTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT A. Hazard – Vulnerability Disaster Relief B. Hazard - Mitigation Disaster Relief A: Business as Usual; B; Preferred Approach
  • 10. S&T and Community: Sustainable Ecoremediation Answer in nature: - Natural storage sites and systems - Human habits and culture - GW recharge – the natural ways - Cropping systems - Catchments & River basins - Programmes ?? - Integration and impact assessments
  • 11. The success lies in applying best available tools with wisdom for integrating them into systems in harmony with nature and cultural settings, with acceptability to innovations and rejuvenating potential traditional knowledge putting into place. It requires overhauling….of the system….before that the approach…and first out mindset: - In case of these so called ‘act of God’, what governs the water (in God’s approach): there lies the answer.
  • 12. THANK YOU • Website: www.nidm.gov.in/anil.asp • Email: ecosafeindia@hotmail.com