The document discusses definitions of disasters and defines them as sudden calamitous events that cause great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property. Disasters are inevitable and their damage depends on location, climate, earth surface type and vulnerability. Both natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods etc and man-made disasters such as chemical or nuclear incidents are discussed. Safety measures are provided for different disasters like taking shelter during earthquakes or cyclones.

3. ACCORDING TO EACH, DISASTER IS DEFINED AS
MANY WAYS, SO, THERE IS NO PARTICULAR
DEFINITION FOR A DISASTER.
OVERALL, DISASTER IS DEFINED AS:
DISASTER IS A SUDDEN, CALAMITOUS EVENT
BRINGING GREAT DAMAGE, LOSS, AND DESTRUCTION
AND DEVASTATION TO LIFE AND PROPERTY.
WHO DEFINES DISASTER AS "ANY OCCURRENCE THAT
CAUSES DAMAGE, ECOLOGICAL DISRUPTION, LOSS
OF HUMAN LIFE, DETERIORATION OF HEALTH AND
HEALTH SERVICES, ON A SCALE SUFFICIENT TO
WARRANT AN EXTRAORDINARY RESPONSE FROM
OUTSIDE THE AFFECTED COMMUNITY OR AREA”.

5. DAMAGES DONE BY DISASTERS ARE
INEVITABLE AND THEY CANNOT BE
REDUCED AND PREDICTED AND ONLY
METHOD IS TO MANAGE THEM AND
MITIGATE THEM. THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY
DISASTERS IS IMMEASURABLE.
THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY DISASTERS
DEPENDS ON:

6. 1)GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF PLACE,
2)CLIMATE OF THE PLACE,
3)TYPE OF SURFACE OF EARTH AND
4)DEGREE OF VULNERABILITY.
5)THIS INFLUENCES THE MENTAL, SOCIO-
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
STATE OF THE AFFECTED AREA.

7. A DISASTER MAY HAVE THE FOLLOWING MAIN
FEATURES:-
1)UNPREDICTABILITY,
2)UNFAMILIARITY,
3)SPEED,
4)URGENCY,
4)UNCERTAINTY AND
5)THREAT
VULNERABILITY, HAZARDS AND RISK ARE THE
MAIN KEY POINTS WHEN EVER DISASTER
MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT IS
CONSIDERED.

10. DISASTERS THAT ARE CAUSED BY NATURAL
CAUSES ARE CALLED AS NATURAL DISASTERS.
1)EARTHQUAKES,
2)LANDSLIDES,
3)FLOODS,
4)RIVER EROSION,
5)CYCLONES,
6)TSUNAMI,
7)FOREST FIRES ETC…

12. THESE ARE THE DISASTERS THAT ARE
OCCURRED DUE TO MAN MADE
CHANGES OVER THE SURFACE OF THE
EARTH.
1)NUCLEAR DISASTERS,
2)CHEMICAL DISASTERS,
3)MINE DISASTERS,
4)BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS.

15. THE MAIN SAFETIES BEHIND EARTHQUAKES ARE:
1)WE SHOULD KNOW SAFE SPOT IN EACH AND
EVERY ROOM OF OUR HOUSE,
2)DECIDE WHERE YOUR FAMILY WILL REUNITE IF
SEPARATED,
3)MAINTAIN EMERGENCY FOOD, WATER,
MEDICINE, FIRST AID KIT, TOOLS, AND
CLOTHING.

16. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE:
1)TAKE COVER. GO UNDER A TABLE OR OTHER
STURDY FURNITURE; KNEEL, SIT, OR STAY CLOSE
TO THE FLOOR. HOLD ON TO FURNITURE LEGS
FOR BALANCE. BE PREPARED TO MOVE IF YOUR
COVER MOVES.
2)IF NO STURDY COVER IS NEARBY, KNEEL OR
SIT CLOSE TO THE FLOOR NEXT TO A
STRUCTURALLY SOUND INTERIOR WALL. PLACE
YOUR HANDS ON THE FLOOR FOR BALANCE

18. 1)KEEP WATCH ON WEATHER AND LISTEN TO
RADIO OR TV. KEEP ALERT ABOUT THE
COMMUNITY WARNING SYSTEMS –
LOUDSPEAKERS, BELLS, CONCHES, DRUMS OR
ANY TRADITIONAL WARNING SYSTEM.
2)GET TO KNOW THE NEAREST CYCLONE
SHELTER / SAFE HOUSES AND THE SAFEST ROUTE
TO REACH THESE SHELTERS,
PREPARE A FIRST AID KIT, EMERGENCY TOOLS
FOR SAVING OURSELVES, DRY FOOD.

19. DURING A CYCLONE:
DISCONNECT ALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
AND TURN OFF GAS.
IF THE BUILDING STARTS CRUMBLING, PROTECT
YOURSELF WITH MATTRESSES, RUGS OR
BLANKETS UNDER A STRONG TABLE OR BENCH
OR HOLD ON TO A SOLID FIXTURE (E.G. A
WATER PIPE)
LISTEN TO YOUR TRANSISTOR RADIO FOR
UPDATES AND ADVICE

21. ALL YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS SHOULD KNOW THE
SAFE ROUTE TO NEAREST SHELTER/ RAISED
PUCCA HOUSE.
IF YOUR AREA IS FLOOD-PRONE, CONSIDER
ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS. MUD WALLS
ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE DAMAGED DURING
FLOODS. YOU MAY CONSIDER MAKING
HOUSES WHERE THE WALLS ARE MADE OF
LOCAL BRICKS UP TO THE HIGHEST KNOWN
FLOOD LEVEL WITH CEMENT POINTING.

22. DURING FLOODS:
DRINK BOILED WATER.
KEEP YOUR FOOD COVERED, DON’T TAKE
HEAVY MEALS.
USE RAW TEA, RICE-WATER, TENDER
COCONUT-WATER, ETC…

24. DURING A LANDSLIDE:
STAY ALERT AND AWAKE. MANY DEBRIS-FLOW FATALITIES
OCCUR WHEN PEOPLE ARE SLEEPING. LISTEN TO A
WEATHER RADIO OR PORTABLE, BATTERY-POWERED RADIO
OR TELEVISION FOR WARNINGS OF INTENSE RAINFALL. BE
AWARE THAT INTENSE, SHORT BURSTS OF RAIN MAY BE
PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS, ESPECIALLY AFTER LONGER
PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL AND DAMP WEATHER.
IF YOU ARE IN AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES AND
DEBRIS FLOWS, CONSIDER LEAVING IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.
REMEMBER THAT DRIVING DURING AN INTENSE STORM
CAN BE HAZARDOUS. IF YOU REMAIN AT HOME, MOVE TO
A SECOND STORY IF POSSIBLE.

25. AFTER THE LANDSLIDE:
STAY AWAY FROM THE SLIDE AREA. THERE MAY BE
DANGER OF ADDITIONAL SLIDES.
CHECK FOR INJURED AND TRAPPED PERSONS NEAR
THE SLIDE, WITHOUT ENTERING THE DIRECT SLIDE AREA.
DIRECT RESCUERS TO THEIR LOCATIONS.
HELP A NEIGHBOR WHO MAY REQUIRE SPECIAL
ASSISTANCE - INFANTS, ELDERLY PEOPLE, AND PEOPLE
WITH DISABILITIES. ELDERLY PEOPLE AND PEOPLE WITH
DISABILITIES.

27. MADE BY
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