The document discusses digital rights management (DRM) technology, which focuses on preventing illegal distribution of paid digital content like music and videos. DRM uses encryption and authorization checks to control access to and copying of copyrighted works. While DRM aims to curb piracy, some argue it restricts lawful usage and that removing restrictions could increase music sales. The recording industry uses DRM and prosecutes illegal downloaders, but supporters of removing DRM say it would encourage more legal purchases if content was less restricted. Apple would sell DRM-free music if allowed by content owners, but current agreements require DRM encoding.

1. Sam Streeter, Alyson Lane, and Matt Menard

2. A systematic approach to copyright protection for digital media Prevents illegal distribution of paid content over the internet Earliest usage of DRM was in 1983

3. You Tube Video

4. DRM technology focuses on making it impossible to steal web content in the first place It is a much surer approach to catch copyright violators opposed to the “hit or miss” strategies used after the fact Limewire and other P2P programs use this “hit or miss” approach

5. Embedded in different media files Audio CDs Used mostly on promotional CDs but was a failure Movies License agreements were signed to exclude digital outputs that could extract high-quality copies of the film Internet Music Found most often using iTunes and Napster which limits the amount of times a purchased song can be transferred from the purchaser’s computer

6. Four components to the DRM software: Protection toolkit: users can decide on their own access and encryption rules Distribution toolkit: users can create interfaces for content distribution Consumer toolkit: verifies authorization before content is distributed Back Office component: tracks usage and licensing Programs such as iTunes and Napster purchase this software iTunes program is called FairPlay DRM programs are made up of secrets to prevent people from playing the music on unauthorized systems, however, the secrets often get stolen so companies have to constantly update them.

8. DRM has prevented many college students from illegally downloading and copying music Has forced students to purchase music Many students are being tracked and penalized for their illegal downloading

9. 6 people have been sued for illegal downloading/copyright infringement 4 students in 2003 and 2 students in 2005 Bentley informed of students in Jan. 2005 but the names were not given out Official subpoena was served on March 30 and the Bentley was forced to reveal names

10. In 2003 over 700 students were hit with lawsuits for illegal downloading and copyright infringement The minimum penalty in a lawsuit is $750 per work infringed The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) is the association that finds and prosecutes illegal downloaders

11. "We must continue to let individuals know that they bear responsibility for illegally stealing the work of those who make the music. In a world that is becoming more and more connected through the wonders of digital technology, students need to understand that just because someone else's property or creations can be obtained easily and freely without anyone seemingly knowing, there are consequences because it is stealing.“ -RIAA General Counsel Steven Marks

12. DRM free Can be played on all players, including the iPod Trying to compete with iTunes who controls 85% of the market One song sells for 99 cents Forced iTunes to drop their price to 99 cents as well Has provoked thoughts that fewer restrictions on music will actually encourage people to buy more music, not less

13. Apple CEO Steve Jobs has made a call for the end of DRM. Jobs says Apple would sell only DRM-free music on iTunes if it could. Only 22 songs are purchased from iTunes for every iPod sold. The reason they can’t make their music DRM-free is because of the agreements made with the big four music companies. 90% of music is sold on CD’s which have no DRM software and can be copied and shared any number of times, sparking the question of what are the benefits of making only 10% of their music DRM encoded. Legislators have told Apple that it has to make iTunes compatible with competitors because it dominates the digital music market. Norway went to the extent of declaring the iPod illegal because forces users into buying music only from iTunes. However, until the big four companies agree to let Apple sell their music DRM-free, there is nothing that Apple can do to satisfy countries such as Norway.

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