What's More Important For Water Quality: Recent P Applications Or Legacy Soil Test P? - Dr. Will Osterholz, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This study used the APEX model to simulate and compare the long-term hydrologic and sediment impacts of conventional tillage and strip tillage systems in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The model was calibrated for 1999-2005 and validated for 2006-2012 using data from research plots in Georgia. Results showed that strip tillage reduced surface runoff by half and sediment loss by a factor of seven compared to conventional tillage, while subsurface losses were about 50% higher but total water loss was equivalent between the systems. The model reasonably predicted yields and surface runoff but had more difficulty simulating subsurface flow and sediment transport.
Estimation of phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the southern region o...LPE Learning Center
Full Proceedings is available at: http://www.extension.org/72817
The purpose of our work was to determine, within the southern region (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX), the feasibility of using different models to determine potential phosphorus loss from agricultural fields in lieu of phosphorus indices.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72818
Phosphorus indices provide relative loss ratings that then have a corresponding management response. Because most state Phosphorus Indices are qualitative it is not clear how the relative loss rating corresponds to actual phosphorus inputs into the receiving water and how the receiving water would react to these additions. Even with qualitative Phosphorus Indices, unless the water resource has a specific Total Maximum Daily Load, it is not clear how losses correspond to water quality outcomes. These issues will be discussed in the context of the 590 Natural Resources Conservation Standard for nutrient management.
Dr. Kevin King - Impacting Water Quality Through Drainage Water ManagementJohn Blue
Impacting Water Quality Through Drainage Water Management - Dr. Kevin King, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This document discusses using a GIS-based modeling tool called SWAMM to evaluate nonpoint source pollution loads and prioritize conservation practices in the Upper Macoupin Creek Watershed in Illinois. The model finds that row crops contribute the majority of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment loads. It identifies "critical areas" with high nutrient loads and prioritizes practices like cover crops and reduced tillage to target. Field-level prioritization of loads is also performed to identify individual fields that are high priorities for certain practices. Load reductions are estimated for implementing prioritized practices in sub-watersheds and fields. Outreach to farmers in critical areas is planned to encourage adoption of recommended practices.
Ashleigh Hammac conducted a study to quantify the effectiveness of agricultural conservation practices on water quality in the Jordan Lake watershed of North Carolina. She monitored two paired watersheds - one pasture watershed that received livestock exclusion fencing and nutrient management in 2011, and one control pasture watershed. Preliminary results showed decreases in the treatment pasture watershed for total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen loads after implementation of conservation practices, but an increase in nitrate-nitrite nitrogen loads. Overall the study aims to determine if practices like livestock exclusion and nutrient management can effectively reduce nutrient pollution from agricultural lands.
Ground Water Resources Estimation By GEC 2015 MethodologyAnand A.V.S.S
This is the approved method using which the ground water resources of the country (India) are to be assessed. This is a modified version of GEC 1997 methodology. Presently all states are busy in assessing the Ground Water Resources for the base year 2016 using this methodology.
Assessment Of Permeable Pavement In High Volume Urban Floodingrlucera
The document discusses the monitoring and modeling of a permeable pavement parking lot project. Monitoring of rainfall and runoff from the permeable pavers and a traditional pavement area found that the pavers reduced runoff by 31% for a small storm and 11% for a larger storm. Predictive modeling estimated that for a 100-year storm, the pavers could reduce peak flows by 34-55% and volume by similar amounts, with greater reductions for smaller storms. Optimizing storage space and incorporating off-site runoff controls could further increase performance during large storms.
This study used the APEX model to simulate and compare the long-term hydrologic and sediment impacts of conventional tillage and strip tillage systems in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The model was calibrated for 1999-2005 and validated for 2006-2012 using data from research plots in Georgia. Results showed that strip tillage reduced surface runoff by half and sediment loss by a factor of seven compared to conventional tillage, while subsurface losses were about 50% higher but total water loss was equivalent between the systems. The model reasonably predicted yields and surface runoff but had more difficulty simulating subsurface flow and sediment transport.
Estimation of phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the southern region o...LPE Learning Center
Full Proceedings is available at: http://www.extension.org/72817
The purpose of our work was to determine, within the southern region (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX), the feasibility of using different models to determine potential phosphorus loss from agricultural fields in lieu of phosphorus indices.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72818
Phosphorus indices provide relative loss ratings that then have a corresponding management response. Because most state Phosphorus Indices are qualitative it is not clear how the relative loss rating corresponds to actual phosphorus inputs into the receiving water and how the receiving water would react to these additions. Even with qualitative Phosphorus Indices, unless the water resource has a specific Total Maximum Daily Load, it is not clear how losses correspond to water quality outcomes. These issues will be discussed in the context of the 590 Natural Resources Conservation Standard for nutrient management.
Dr. Kevin King - Impacting Water Quality Through Drainage Water ManagementJohn Blue
Impacting Water Quality Through Drainage Water Management - Dr. Kevin King, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This document discusses using a GIS-based modeling tool called SWAMM to evaluate nonpoint source pollution loads and prioritize conservation practices in the Upper Macoupin Creek Watershed in Illinois. The model finds that row crops contribute the majority of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment loads. It identifies "critical areas" with high nutrient loads and prioritizes practices like cover crops and reduced tillage to target. Field-level prioritization of loads is also performed to identify individual fields that are high priorities for certain practices. Load reductions are estimated for implementing prioritized practices in sub-watersheds and fields. Outreach to farmers in critical areas is planned to encourage adoption of recommended practices.
Ashleigh Hammac conducted a study to quantify the effectiveness of agricultural conservation practices on water quality in the Jordan Lake watershed of North Carolina. She monitored two paired watersheds - one pasture watershed that received livestock exclusion fencing and nutrient management in 2011, and one control pasture watershed. Preliminary results showed decreases in the treatment pasture watershed for total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen loads after implementation of conservation practices, but an increase in nitrate-nitrite nitrogen loads. Overall the study aims to determine if practices like livestock exclusion and nutrient management can effectively reduce nutrient pollution from agricultural lands.
Ground Water Resources Estimation By GEC 2015 MethodologyAnand A.V.S.S
This is the approved method using which the ground water resources of the country (India) are to be assessed. This is a modified version of GEC 1997 methodology. Presently all states are busy in assessing the Ground Water Resources for the base year 2016 using this methodology.
Assessment Of Permeable Pavement In High Volume Urban Floodingrlucera
The document discusses the monitoring and modeling of a permeable pavement parking lot project. Monitoring of rainfall and runoff from the permeable pavers and a traditional pavement area found that the pavers reduced runoff by 31% for a small storm and 11% for a larger storm. Predictive modeling estimated that for a 100-year storm, the pavers could reduce peak flows by 34-55% and volume by similar amounts, with greater reductions for smaller storms. Optimizing storage space and incorporating off-site runoff controls could further increase performance during large storms.
- The Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) was improved to better model infiltration and soil loss on saline and sodic soils through experimental investigations at 9 sites across a saline soil region.
- New equations for hydraulic conductivity and erodibility were developed that improved RHEM's prediction of runoff, erosion, and salt load at the plot scale on calibration and validation data compared to the original RHEM equations.
- The improved process-based modeling of soil loss and its relationship to dissolved salt load provides a tool to predict watershed salt loads to inform salinity control programs in the Colorado River Basin.
Managing Stormwater in the Hudson Valley: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Permeabl...Libby Zemaitis
Stormwater management is a priority in New York State that is gaining attention due to increased intense precipitation from climate change and increased urban development. The state has adopted stricter regulations that are driving the adoption of green infrastructure. Municipalities, schools, and private firms are already installing permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley, but there is a lack of robust, unbiased economic analyses of the technology found in the peer-reviewed literature. This thesis uses existing models and empirical studies to create a cost-benefit analysis model for permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley. The model estimates the five primary costs and benefits of permeable pavement as outlined in the literature: installation cost, operating and maintenance cost, runoff reduction benefit, pollutant removal benefit, and deicing reduction benefit. The initial analysis of a hypothetical one-acre permeable parking lot yielded a significant positive net present value. Despite various weaknesses, this model is a significant improvement on previous models in a new amalgam of more singular and unbiased studies of permeable pavement. Future work could include a transformation of this model into user-friendly online tool for prospective adopters to better understand the balance of costs and benefits of permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley and beyond.
(Final Master's Thesis accepted for Bard College M.S. in Climate Science and Policy)
The document discusses methods for estimating groundwater resources using the GEC-1997 methodology. It describes estimating various components of groundwater inflow and outflow, including precipitation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, groundwater draft, and recharge from sources like canals, irrigation, and water structures. Key steps involve computing groundwater draft, recharge from other sources, rainfall recharge, and summary details to determine net groundwater availability.
Effects of limiting water on growth, development and yield of alfalfa grown i...Caleb M Carter
The document summarizes a study on the effects of limiting water on alfalfa growth and yield in Wyoming. It found that limiting irrigation levels to 25%, 50%, and 75% of full crop water requirements (1.0 ETc) significantly reduced alfalfa dry matter yields compared to the 1.0 ETc treatment. Total dry matter yields were highly correlated with actual crop evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency, the ratio of dry matter yield to water used, decreased with lower irrigation levels.
Removing phosphorus from drainage water the phosphorus removal structureLPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72839
We constructed a phosphorus (P) removal structure on a poultry farm in Eastern OK; this is a BMP that can remove dissolved P loading in the short term until soil legacy P concentrations decrease below levels of environmental concern. A P removal structure contains P sorbing materials (PSMs) and are placed in a location to intercept runoff or subsurface drainage with high dissolved P concentrations. As high P water flows through the PSMs, dissolved P is sorbed onto the materials by several potential mechanisms, allowing low P water to exit the structure. While they vary in form, P removal structures contain three main elements: 1) use of a filter material that has a high affinity for P, 2) containment of the material, and 3) the ability to remove that material and replace it after it becomes saturated with P and is no longer effective.
A refinery was dealing with increasing biological sludge levels that were reducing retention time and efficiency in their wastewater system. A company used sonar mapping every 45 days to track the results of a biological sludge treatment program over 90 days. The program reduced sludge levels across all three ponds by 26 inches, increasing total water capacity by over 1 million gallons. This helped double the retention time and removed over 5,000 cubic yards of sludge biologically without dredging or disposal costs.
Dr. Brittany Hanrahan - Watershed Scale Water Quality Impacts Of Cover Crop A...John Blue
Watershed Scale Water Quality Impacts Of Cover Crop Adaptation In A Two-stage Ditch System - Dr. Brittany Hanrahan, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
The document discusses strategies for recovering dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) at sites impacted by coal tar and creosote. It outlines case studies of DNAPL recovery programs at two wood treating facilities. Large diameter recovery wells and trenches were effective at removing mobile DNAPL, with over 20,000 gallons recovered annually. DNAPL recovery provided a cost-effective source control method and risk reduction compared to alternatives like in-situ thermal treatment.
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, ...Steve Williams
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, 2008, regarding the groundwater clean-up at the East- and West-Side Acquifer Treatment Systems (EATS and WATS).
Stormwater Program Update to McLean Citizens AssociationFairfax County
The document summarizes stormwater management activities and projects in Fairfax County. It discusses regulatory drivers for stormwater management including permits and TMDLs. It provides data on inspections and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure. Examples are given of completed stream restoration, outfall improvement, and low impact development projects. Budget information is presented showing funding sources for operations and capital costs.
This document summarizes nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, balance, and loss in the Mississippi River Basin from 1987 to 2012. It finds that total nitrogen and phosphorus flux from sub-basins to the Gulf of Mexico is moderately correlated with the sub-basin's net nutrient balance. Specifically, about 40-50% of the variation in total nitrogen flux can be explained by the net nitrogen balance of the Lower Mississippi and Upper Mississippi sub-basins. The document also examines fertilizer and manure inputs, crop removal, and yield trends to understand nutrient balances over time in the basin. Future plans include continuing these analyses with more annual data and working with partners to advance sustainable nutrient management practices.
This document summarizes a study assessing the surface water quality of Perumbakkam Lake in Kanchipuram district, South India using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 15 water samples were collected from locations around the lake and analyzed for physicochemical parameters like pH, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, TDS, fluoride, iron, and ammonia. The results were mapped spatially using GIS to analyze the spatial variation in water quality. Most parameters were within permissible limits except for high TDS levels at some locations, possibly due to industrial and domestic waste discharge. The study aims to help monitor water quality and identify sources of pollution impacting the lake.
SULI_SUMMER_2015 Research POSTER_Cronin_JohnJack Cronin
The document describes updates made to the APSIDE model to improve its simulation of water quality, salinity, and agricultural production in the Western San Joaquin River Basin. The model was expanded from 5 to 22 water districts and updated with current land use and hydrological data. Comparisons with the CVHM model showed APSIDE on average simulates lower deep percolation and upflux. The updated APSIDE model better reflects changing irrigation practices over time and its predictions of salinity in different districts varied compared to the original model.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
1) The document outlines the progress and timeline of Rahnum Tasnuva Nazmul's MPhil research project studying the spatial and temporal variation of water quality parameters in Jerrabomberra Wetlands in Australia.
2) The research aims to fill data gaps and provide maps of water quality parameters to the wetland's management authority.
3) Preliminary results show temporal variations in electrical conductivity, pH, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen at one study location within the wetlands.
This study measured fluxes of total suspended solids (TSS) and particulate organic matter (POM) in a restored coastal salt marsh near Otway, North Carolina over a three week period. Key findings include:
- The marsh imported TSS and POM from upstream agricultural waters and the estuary, visible at both tidal cycle and longer term scales.
- A mass balance calculation found the marsh imported 302.5 kg of TSS and 64.7 kg of POM over the study period, retaining 38% and 30% respectively.
- TSS and POM concentrations varied dramatically with tidal flows and water levels, increasing during low flow periods. A large spike of TSS entered the marsh from the est
The document analyzes soil erosion and sediment yield in the Choconut Lake drainage basin located in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. It describes creating a digital elevation model and drainage basin map in GIS to accurately estimate the 1312 acre drainage area. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to predict an annual soil loss of 51,595.9 tonnes/year from the watershed. To estimate sediment yield, the sediment delivery ratio was calculated as 0.38 based on the 2.05 square mile drainage area. A 420 acre catchment area for Choconut Lake was identified, with a 36 acre lake volume and 98% trapping efficiency estimated to capture sediment inflow.
This document summarizes a study that used a weighted regression model to quantify the contributions of new and old phosphorus sources to subsurface tile drainage losses from agricultural fields in Ohio. The model found that old phosphorus, which has accumulated from historical applications, dominated tile drainage phosphorus losses, accounting for over 80% of losses on average. New phosphorus contributions from recent applications accounted for less than 10% of losses on average. The study provides insights into managing phosphorus losses and implications for mitigation strategies focused on new versus old phosphorus sources.
Dr. Chad Penn - Using Phosphorus Removal Structures to Treat Tile Drainage Wa...John Blue
Using Phosphorus Removal Structures to Treat Tile Drainage Water in the Midwest - Dr. Chad Penn, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This document summarizes preliminary results from a study on the impacts of long-term soil health practices on water quantity and quality. Key findings include:
1) Long-term soil health practices resulted in 15% less water discharge through tile drainage and surface runoff compared to conventional practices.
2) Nitrate and dissolved phosphorus losses were 50% and 25% lower, respectively, from areas with long-term soil health practices.
3) Total phosphorus concentrations were also lower under long-term soil health practices despite higher concentrations in surface runoff.
4) More long-term monitoring is needed to draw definitive conclusions, but preliminary results suggest soil health practices improve water quality by reducing losses of nutrients and water
This document summarizes efforts to address nutrient pollution in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay through targeted monitoring, modeling, and alternative management strategies. Monitoring shows phosphorus and sediment loads exceeding targets, with most export occurring during high runoff events. Agricultural sources are significant contributors. Models indicate that widespread adoption of practices like cover crops, reduced tillage, and targeting high phosphorus areas could reduce loads by over 40%, but current approaches may not achieve water quality goals. Improving soil health and expanding successful pilot projects offer promise, but significant challenges remain.
- The Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) was improved to better model infiltration and soil loss on saline and sodic soils through experimental investigations at 9 sites across a saline soil region.
- New equations for hydraulic conductivity and erodibility were developed that improved RHEM's prediction of runoff, erosion, and salt load at the plot scale on calibration and validation data compared to the original RHEM equations.
- The improved process-based modeling of soil loss and its relationship to dissolved salt load provides a tool to predict watershed salt loads to inform salinity control programs in the Colorado River Basin.
Managing Stormwater in the Hudson Valley: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Permeabl...Libby Zemaitis
Stormwater management is a priority in New York State that is gaining attention due to increased intense precipitation from climate change and increased urban development. The state has adopted stricter regulations that are driving the adoption of green infrastructure. Municipalities, schools, and private firms are already installing permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley, but there is a lack of robust, unbiased economic analyses of the technology found in the peer-reviewed literature. This thesis uses existing models and empirical studies to create a cost-benefit analysis model for permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley. The model estimates the five primary costs and benefits of permeable pavement as outlined in the literature: installation cost, operating and maintenance cost, runoff reduction benefit, pollutant removal benefit, and deicing reduction benefit. The initial analysis of a hypothetical one-acre permeable parking lot yielded a significant positive net present value. Despite various weaknesses, this model is a significant improvement on previous models in a new amalgam of more singular and unbiased studies of permeable pavement. Future work could include a transformation of this model into user-friendly online tool for prospective adopters to better understand the balance of costs and benefits of permeable pavement in the Hudson Valley and beyond.
(Final Master's Thesis accepted for Bard College M.S. in Climate Science and Policy)
The document discusses methods for estimating groundwater resources using the GEC-1997 methodology. It describes estimating various components of groundwater inflow and outflow, including precipitation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, groundwater draft, and recharge from sources like canals, irrigation, and water structures. Key steps involve computing groundwater draft, recharge from other sources, rainfall recharge, and summary details to determine net groundwater availability.
Effects of limiting water on growth, development and yield of alfalfa grown i...Caleb M Carter
The document summarizes a study on the effects of limiting water on alfalfa growth and yield in Wyoming. It found that limiting irrigation levels to 25%, 50%, and 75% of full crop water requirements (1.0 ETc) significantly reduced alfalfa dry matter yields compared to the 1.0 ETc treatment. Total dry matter yields were highly correlated with actual crop evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency, the ratio of dry matter yield to water used, decreased with lower irrigation levels.
Removing phosphorus from drainage water the phosphorus removal structureLPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72839
We constructed a phosphorus (P) removal structure on a poultry farm in Eastern OK; this is a BMP that can remove dissolved P loading in the short term until soil legacy P concentrations decrease below levels of environmental concern. A P removal structure contains P sorbing materials (PSMs) and are placed in a location to intercept runoff or subsurface drainage with high dissolved P concentrations. As high P water flows through the PSMs, dissolved P is sorbed onto the materials by several potential mechanisms, allowing low P water to exit the structure. While they vary in form, P removal structures contain three main elements: 1) use of a filter material that has a high affinity for P, 2) containment of the material, and 3) the ability to remove that material and replace it after it becomes saturated with P and is no longer effective.
A refinery was dealing with increasing biological sludge levels that were reducing retention time and efficiency in their wastewater system. A company used sonar mapping every 45 days to track the results of a biological sludge treatment program over 90 days. The program reduced sludge levels across all three ponds by 26 inches, increasing total water capacity by over 1 million gallons. This helped double the retention time and removed over 5,000 cubic yards of sludge biologically without dredging or disposal costs.
Dr. Brittany Hanrahan - Watershed Scale Water Quality Impacts Of Cover Crop A...John Blue
Watershed Scale Water Quality Impacts Of Cover Crop Adaptation In A Two-stage Ditch System - Dr. Brittany Hanrahan, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
The document discusses strategies for recovering dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) at sites impacted by coal tar and creosote. It outlines case studies of DNAPL recovery programs at two wood treating facilities. Large diameter recovery wells and trenches were effective at removing mobile DNAPL, with over 20,000 gallons recovered annually. DNAPL recovery provided a cost-effective source control method and risk reduction compared to alternatives like in-situ thermal treatment.
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, ...Steve Williams
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, 2008, regarding the groundwater clean-up at the East- and West-Side Acquifer Treatment Systems (EATS and WATS).
Stormwater Program Update to McLean Citizens AssociationFairfax County
The document summarizes stormwater management activities and projects in Fairfax County. It discusses regulatory drivers for stormwater management including permits and TMDLs. It provides data on inspections and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure. Examples are given of completed stream restoration, outfall improvement, and low impact development projects. Budget information is presented showing funding sources for operations and capital costs.
This document summarizes nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, balance, and loss in the Mississippi River Basin from 1987 to 2012. It finds that total nitrogen and phosphorus flux from sub-basins to the Gulf of Mexico is moderately correlated with the sub-basin's net nutrient balance. Specifically, about 40-50% of the variation in total nitrogen flux can be explained by the net nitrogen balance of the Lower Mississippi and Upper Mississippi sub-basins. The document also examines fertilizer and manure inputs, crop removal, and yield trends to understand nutrient balances over time in the basin. Future plans include continuing these analyses with more annual data and working with partners to advance sustainable nutrient management practices.
This document summarizes a study assessing the surface water quality of Perumbakkam Lake in Kanchipuram district, South India using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 15 water samples were collected from locations around the lake and analyzed for physicochemical parameters like pH, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, TDS, fluoride, iron, and ammonia. The results were mapped spatially using GIS to analyze the spatial variation in water quality. Most parameters were within permissible limits except for high TDS levels at some locations, possibly due to industrial and domestic waste discharge. The study aims to help monitor water quality and identify sources of pollution impacting the lake.
SULI_SUMMER_2015 Research POSTER_Cronin_JohnJack Cronin
The document describes updates made to the APSIDE model to improve its simulation of water quality, salinity, and agricultural production in the Western San Joaquin River Basin. The model was expanded from 5 to 22 water districts and updated with current land use and hydrological data. Comparisons with the CVHM model showed APSIDE on average simulates lower deep percolation and upflux. The updated APSIDE model better reflects changing irrigation practices over time and its predictions of salinity in different districts varied compared to the original model.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
1) The document outlines the progress and timeline of Rahnum Tasnuva Nazmul's MPhil research project studying the spatial and temporal variation of water quality parameters in Jerrabomberra Wetlands in Australia.
2) The research aims to fill data gaps and provide maps of water quality parameters to the wetland's management authority.
3) Preliminary results show temporal variations in electrical conductivity, pH, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen at one study location within the wetlands.
This study measured fluxes of total suspended solids (TSS) and particulate organic matter (POM) in a restored coastal salt marsh near Otway, North Carolina over a three week period. Key findings include:
- The marsh imported TSS and POM from upstream agricultural waters and the estuary, visible at both tidal cycle and longer term scales.
- A mass balance calculation found the marsh imported 302.5 kg of TSS and 64.7 kg of POM over the study period, retaining 38% and 30% respectively.
- TSS and POM concentrations varied dramatically with tidal flows and water levels, increasing during low flow periods. A large spike of TSS entered the marsh from the est
The document analyzes soil erosion and sediment yield in the Choconut Lake drainage basin located in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. It describes creating a digital elevation model and drainage basin map in GIS to accurately estimate the 1312 acre drainage area. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to predict an annual soil loss of 51,595.9 tonnes/year from the watershed. To estimate sediment yield, the sediment delivery ratio was calculated as 0.38 based on the 2.05 square mile drainage area. A 420 acre catchment area for Choconut Lake was identified, with a 36 acre lake volume and 98% trapping efficiency estimated to capture sediment inflow.
This document summarizes a study that used a weighted regression model to quantify the contributions of new and old phosphorus sources to subsurface tile drainage losses from agricultural fields in Ohio. The model found that old phosphorus, which has accumulated from historical applications, dominated tile drainage phosphorus losses, accounting for over 80% of losses on average. New phosphorus contributions from recent applications accounted for less than 10% of losses on average. The study provides insights into managing phosphorus losses and implications for mitigation strategies focused on new versus old phosphorus sources.
Dr. Chad Penn - Using Phosphorus Removal Structures to Treat Tile Drainage Wa...John Blue
Using Phosphorus Removal Structures to Treat Tile Drainage Water in the Midwest - Dr. Chad Penn, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This document summarizes preliminary results from a study on the impacts of long-term soil health practices on water quantity and quality. Key findings include:
1) Long-term soil health practices resulted in 15% less water discharge through tile drainage and surface runoff compared to conventional practices.
2) Nitrate and dissolved phosphorus losses were 50% and 25% lower, respectively, from areas with long-term soil health practices.
3) Total phosphorus concentrations were also lower under long-term soil health practices despite higher concentrations in surface runoff.
4) More long-term monitoring is needed to draw definitive conclusions, but preliminary results suggest soil health practices improve water quality by reducing losses of nutrients and water
This document summarizes efforts to address nutrient pollution in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay through targeted monitoring, modeling, and alternative management strategies. Monitoring shows phosphorus and sediment loads exceeding targets, with most export occurring during high runoff events. Agricultural sources are significant contributors. Models indicate that widespread adoption of practices like cover crops, reduced tillage, and targeting high phosphorus areas could reduce loads by over 40%, but current approaches may not achieve water quality goals. Improving soil health and expanding successful pilot projects offer promise, but significant challenges remain.
Stormwater regulations and their relationship to tmd lsMatthew Hahm
This document summarizes information about Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and Wisconsin's NR 151 nonpoint source pollution rules. It discusses that TMDLs determine the maximum amount of pollutants a waterbody can receive daily and still meet water quality standards, and allocate portions to point and nonpoint sources. The NR 151 rules establish pollution reduction requirements for agricultural, construction, urban, and other nonpoint sources to help improve impaired waters and meet TMDLs. The rules have been revised to incorporate new standards like phosphorus indexing and increased buffers, as well as extend compliance timelines for some urban areas. Key agency contacts are provided.
The document discusses edge-of-field water quality monitoring research conducted by USDA-ARS on 40 agricultural fields in Ohio. The research aims to understand nutrient losses through surface runoff and tile drainage using instrumentation like H-flumes and sampling equipment. Preliminary findings show phosphorus losses are impacted by soil test phosphorus levels, fertilizer rate, timing and placement, and drainage management practices like cover crops and drainage water management can help reduce losses. The research is funded through various partners and collaborators are engaged to disseminate findings.
This document summarizes research on phosphorus (P) stratification and edge-of-field P losses in the Western Lake Erie Basin. The research found that subsurface drainage accounted for most annual P loss, while surface runoff was a concern during high rainfall events. Less than half of field sites were meeting P loss targets. Soil test P levels influenced dissolved reactive P (DRP) in both surface runoff and tile drainage, but the influence varied based on flow amounts. P stratification did not predict average annual DRP losses. Greater stratification occurred on fields with surface nutrient application. Management practices that reduce both surface and subsurface P losses are needed.
Steve Davis - Western Lake Erie Basin Nutrient Reductions: Goals And Programs...John Blue
Western Lake Erie Basin Nutrient Reductions: Goals And Programs To Get There - Steve Davis, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
Dr. Stephen Jacquemin - Changes In Grand Lake St Marys Watershed: Moving Towa...John Blue
Changes In Grand Lake St Marys Watershed: Moving Towards An Improved Understanding Of Water Quality In The Region Over The Past Decade - Dr. Stephen Jacquemin, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
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The document discusses the importance of monitoring land-ocean carbon fluxes at a pan-European scale. It notes that while there is a significant amount of existing data on carbon fluxes, the data is scattered and not standardized. The document recommends establishing a coordinated monitoring network that builds on existing water quality monitoring networks to regularly measure carbon and other parameters in Europe's major rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Targeted process studies and numerical modeling could help extrapolate the monitoring data and further scientific understanding of carbon fluxes across the land-ocean continuum.
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This document summarizes research on how the physical interaction of water impacts phosphorus (P) desorption from soil. The researchers found that:
1) P desorption quantity and rate are dependent on time and water flow, with slower flow rates allowing for greater desorption over time.
2) P desorption follows two-stage first-order kinetics, with an initial rapid release followed by a slower secondary release.
3) Higher soil phosphorus content results in faster desorption rates initially and greater total desorption.
4) Clay soils show a greater difference in desorption between fast and slow flow rates compared to sandy soils, due to clay soils' greater buffering capacity and diffusion limitations being more overcome at
The CEAP Watershed Assessment studies have increased knowledge of conservation effectiveness and improved tools and predictive models. This includes better understanding of the impacts of practices like cover crops and buffers, as well as tools to target practices cost-effectively. Improved monitoring tools can provide timely water quality data. Region-wide models using CEAP data help understand impacts of widespread adoption of practices on issues like Gulf hypoxia.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of a precision agriculture system on soil and water quality in the central Mississippi River Basin. The study compared a corn-soybean rotation with conventional tillage and inputs from 1990-2003 to a no-till system with winter cover crops and variable fertilizer application from 2004-2014. The precision agriculture system resulted in an 87% reduction in sediment loss and significantly less dissolved nitrogen runoff, though it may have increased leaching and gas emissions. Atrazine and dissolved phosphorus losses were similar or lower than expected. However, the system presented challenges like weed control and timing of field operations that require ongoing adaptive management.
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Dr. Will Osterholz - What's More Important For Water Quality: Recent P Applications Or Legacy Soil Test P?
1. What’s more important for
water quality, recently
applied P or legacy soil P?
William Osterholz1, Vinayak Shedekar2, Kevin King1
1USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, Columbus OH
2The Ohio State University - Department of Food, Agricultural, and
Biological Engineering
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
2. Sources of agricultural P runoff
1. Newly applied P: incidental P, episodic, direct
fertilizer, event-specific losses
• P from recent P applications
• Short term spikes – weeks to months
2. Legacy soil P: chronic losses
• P from historic P applications now stored in soil pools
• Persistent losses over long period of time
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
3. • Several pounds of new P per acre can be lost within
weeks of fertilizer application via surface runoff
• Legacy P is a significant source of DRP from NW
Ohio cropland (King et al. 2017)
• Relative contributions of new and legacy sources to
DRP and TP loads are unknown
• How important is fertilizer management?
New P vs. Legacy P
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
4. USDA-ARS Edge-of-Field network
• 40 paired fields
• Established 2012-2017
• Examine practices including
fertilizer management, cover
crops, crop rotation, gypsum
application, drainage water
management
Columbus
Cleveland
Toledo
Percent of county with
subsurface drainage
0-5
5-15
15-30
30-50
50-80
Major city
USDA-ARS edge-of-field site
Cincinnati
Dayton
Williams et al. 2016
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
6. EOF findings: P losses from WLEB
cropland
• P concentrations greater in surface runoff than tile
drainage
• But ~80% of runoff volume occurs through tile
drains
• Surface runoff: ~35% of P loading
• Tile drainage: ~65% of P loading
• Dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) are
important in both pathways
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
7. How can we distinguish new P from
legacy P?
• Following a P application (3 month risk period for new
P loss)
1. Predicted the daily “expected” legacy P concentration using
data measured during the legacy periods (weighted
regression)
2. Calculated the expected legacy P load
3. Subtracted the expected P load from the measured load;
difference was assumed to be “New P”
• New P load = measured P load – expected legacy P load
• Legacy P load = expected legacy P load + full P load
from legacy periods
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
8. SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
New P load = 0.117 - 0.011 = 0.106 lb DRP
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
5/25 6/8 6/22 7/6 7/20 8/3 8/17
CumulativeDRPLoad(lb/acre)
Example New P Load Calculation
Observed DRP load = 0.117 lb DRP
Expected legacy DRP load = 0.011 lb DRP
Papplication6/1
14. P fertilizer form and placement: New DRP
(Surface + Tile)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Chem, solid,
broadcast
(27)
Chem, solid,
incorporated
(19)
Chem, liquid,
injected (18)
Manure,
liquid,
broadcast (7)
Manure,
liquid,
incorporated
(3)
Manure,
liquid,
injected (14)
Manure,
solid,
broadcast
(12)
Manure,
solid,
incorporated
(2)
NewDRP(lb/acre)
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
15. P fertilizer form and placement: New TP
(Surface + Tile)
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Chem, solid,
broadcast
(27)
Chem, solid,
incorporated
(19)
Chem, liquid,
injected (18)
Manure,
liquid,
broadcast (7)
Manure,
liquid,
incorporated
(3)
Manure,
liquid,
injected (14)
Manure,
solid,
broadcast
(12)
Manure,
solid,
incorporated
(2)
NewTP(lb/acre)
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
16. P application rate: New DRP Loads
-0.2
0.2
0.6
1
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
0 30 60 90 120
NewDRP(lb/acre)
P Rate (lb P/acre)
Surface
-0.2
0.2
0.6
1
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
0 30 60 90 120
NewDRP(lb/acre)
P Rate (lb P/acre)
Tile
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
17. P application timing
(Surface + Tile)
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
March
(5)
April
(10)
May
(3)
June
(4)
Aug
(5)
Sept
(1)
Oct
(9)
Nov
(6)
Dec
(3)
NewDRP(lb/acre)
All Broadcast Applications
Surface Tile
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
March
(5)
April
(10)
May
(3)
June
(4)
Aug
(5)
Sept
(1)
Oct
(9)
Nov
(6)
Dec
(3)
NewTP(lb/acre)
All Broadcast Applications
18. Legacy P loss: Influence of STP
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 100 200 300 400 500
Tile+surfaceannuallegacyDRP(lb/ac)
Field average STP (M3 ppm, 0-8 in)
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
19. Legacy P loss: Influence of STP
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 50 100 150 200
Tile+surfaceannuallegacyDRP(lb/ac)
Field average STP (M3 ppm, 0-8 in)
20. Summary of initial findings
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
• Losses of new P averaged 17% of overall DRP loss (but up to
70% from individual fields)
• 11% of TP
• Riskiest applications were broadcast liquid manure (DRP lost
through tile drains)
• Risk of new P loss from broadcast applications:
Late fall/winter > spring > summer/early fall
• No relationship between new P load and P rate
• Legacy P loss is related to STP, other factors TBD
21. Implications
• P fertilizer management (i.e. 4Rs) will have a limited
short term impact on overall DRP and TP loads
• Need additional focus on management of legacy
soil P losses
• Draw down soil P, but this is a long term solution
• Manage hydrology?
• Manage P stratification?
• Capture at field edge or downstream?
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
22. Acknowledgements
• Cooperating farmers
• Jed Stinner
• Phil Levison
• Katie Rumora
• Sarah Henderson
• Eric Fischer
• Marie Pollock
• Brittany Hanrahan
• Funding sources
• USDA-ARS
• USDA-NRCS
• US-EPA
• Ohio Farm Bureau
• International Plant Nutrition
Institute
• The Nature Conservancy
• Becks Hybrids
• Delaware County Soil &
Water Conservation District
• Ohio State University,
• Ohio Corn and Wheat
Growers
• Ohio Soybean Association
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
28. P fertilizer form and placement
NewDRP(lb/acre)
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Tile New DRP
Chem, solid, broadcast (29)
Chem, solid, incorporated (26)
Chem, liquid, injected (29)
Manure, liquid, broadcast (9)
Manure, liquid, incorporated
(3)
Manure, liquid, injected (26)
Manure, solid, broadcast (12)
Manure, solid, incorporated (2)
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
NewDRP(lb/acre)
Tile New DRP
29. Michalak et al. 2013
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
• Binational P reduction targets:
• 40% reduction in total P (TP) and dissolved reactive P (DRP)
loads entering Western Lake Erie Basin by 2025
30. EoF dataset scope
• 41 fields monitored
• 43 tile drains
• 34 surface runoff flumes
• Examined data through September 2019
• Average monitoring period = 5 years, 9 months
• 178 P applications
• 90 chemical fertilizer
• 88 manure
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
31. Factors – Time period for newly
applied P “risk period”
• 6 month period changes estimate of “new” P
contribution – DRP increases from 17% to 19% DRP
but TP decreases from 10 to 9%
• 1 month period misses a large number of P
applications due to little or no runoff, especially
surface
• Use precipitation to define the period?
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
32. Factors affecting likelihood of
recent P fertilizer losses?
• Factors
• Precipitation
• Tillage – Williams et al. 2017
• Slope
• Manure vs. chemical fertilizer
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT
33. Next steps
• Use precipitation to define New P loss risk period
• Assess the uncertainty of New P estimates
• Delve into Old P losses – effects of tillage? cover
crops?
SOIL DRAINAGE RESEARCH UNIT