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Gec 1997

The document discusses methods for estimating groundwater resources using the GEC-1997 methodology. It describes estimating various components of groundwater inflow and outflow, including precipitation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, groundwater draft, and recharge from sources like canals, irrigation, and water structures. Key steps involve computing groundwater draft, recharge from other sources, rainfall recharge, and summary details to determine net groundwater availability.

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G E C – 1 9 9 7 By A.V.S.S.Anand Scientist Central Ground Water Board Visakhapatnam (avssanand@yahoo.com) GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Evaporation Transpiration Water Stored in Atmosphere Precipitation Water Stored in Ice & Snow Snow melt Runoff Surface Runoff Infiltration Fresh Water Storage Ground Water Discharge to Surface Water Bodies Infiltration from surface water bodies
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R I = P – R – E I = P – R – E -T I = P – R – E –T – ICE I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR - FWST I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW Is This Feasible for a Regional Scale Assessment
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW I = Infiltration P = Precipitation R = Surface Runoff E = Evaporation T = Transpiration ICE = Water Stored in Ice & Snow SNOWR = Snow melt Runoff FWST = Fresh Water Storage GWD = Ground Water Discharge to Surface Water Bodies ISW = Infiltration from surface water bodies
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW If We Consider Rainfall is the only form of Precipitation ICE = Water Stored in Ice & Snow can be ignored If We Consider an area not in the region of Himalayan rivers SNOWR = Snow melt Runoff can be ignored
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Then the Infiltration Can Be Estimated By I = P – R – E –T – FWST + GWD + ISW
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Availability of Data P - Available one set per Block R - Not Available even one per an Assessment Unit E & T – One Set Per District FWST – Design Storage is available not the actual. GWD - Except For small Project Areas, not even idea to measure at present ISW – Indirect Measurement
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Reliable Parameters In This Method : P is reliable. ISW is reliable provided there is a proper method to compute.
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Modeling Approach : Certainly It gives better result provided One can develop a fully validated model for each assessment unit. Is It Feasible (Possible) Today? In Last 60 years after Independence we have flow models in India not more than 30 or 40. Whether can they be used for parameter estimation?
G E C – 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Modeling Approach : We don’t have sufficient data for the lumped parameter model How can we manage data hungry discrete parameter modeling
Approach Lumped Parameter Model GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7
Basic Equation Inflow-Outflow=Change in Storage GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Inflow Components Rainfall Recharge Recharge From canals Recharge From Surface Water Irrigation Recharge From Ground Water irrigation Recharge From Tanks & Ponds Recharge From Water Conservation Structures
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Inflow Components (not included in GEC) Lateral Inflow across Boundaries Sub surface inflow from hydraulically connected streams Vertical inter aquifer inflow
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outflow Components Gross Draft
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outflow Components (not included in GEC) Lateral Outflow across Boundaries Sub surface Outflow from hydraulically connected streams Vertical inter aquifer Outflow Evapotranspiration
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 The parameters not included in GEC are mainly very difficult to compute in the assessment at regional scale. Lateral flows are zero when hydrological boundary is selected. In other components it is assumed inflow=outflow. For Base flow and Evapo-transpiration provision for 5 –10 % as unaccounted discharges is made .
Ground Water Assessment Unit G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hard Rock Areas Hydrological Boundaries Soft Rock Areas Administrative Boundaries
Ground Water Assessment Sub-Units G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hilly Areas Recharge is Not Possible Ground Water Worthy Areas Recharge is Possible Poor Ground Water Quality Areas Quality is Beyond Permissible Limits Good Ground Water Quality Areas Quality is Within Permissible Limits Command Areas Command of any Major or Medium Irrigation Project Non-Command Areas Not in the Command of any Major or Medium Irrigation Project
Ground Water Assessment Sub-Units G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS AREA OF ASSESSMENT UNIT HILLY AREA COMMAND AREA POOR GROUND WATER QUALITY AREA OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS STARTING AND ENDING LATITUDES & LONGITUDES
Ground Water Year G E C – 1 9 9 7 Predominant Monsoon South-West Monsoon North-East Monsoon Ground Water Year June To May July To June October To September Monsoon Period June To September July To October October To December Non-Monsoon Period October To May November To June January To September Pre-Monsoon Monitoring May/June/September Post-Monsoon Monitoring October/November/January
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 THE MAIN COMPONENTS ARE COMPUTATION OF GROUND WATER DRAFT COMPUTATION OF RECHARGE DUE TO OTHER SOURCES COMPUTATION OF RAINFALL RECHARGE COMPUTATION OF SUMMARY DETAILS
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMPUTATION OF RECHARGE DUE TO OTHER SOURCES Recharge Due To Canals Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMPUTATION OF SUMMARY DETAILS Net Annual Ground Water Availability Current Stage Of Ground Water Development Water Level Trend Categorization For Future Ground Water Development Ground Water Allocation For Domestic & Industrial Water Supply Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Future Irrigation Needs. Additional Potential Recharges. Static Ground Water Resources.
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Draft Can Be Of Three Types Domestic draft Irrigation draft Industrial draft
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 DOMESTIC DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft REQUIREMENT METHOD Population Census Percapita Requirement
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 IRRIGATION DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft CROPPING PATTERN METHOD Cropping Pattern Crop Water Requirement POWER CONSUMPTION METHOD Total power consumed Unit Power Required For Unit Water Lift
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 INDUSTRIAL DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft POWER CONSUMPTION METHOD Total power consumed Unit Power Required For Unit Water Lift
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where GGWDft = Gross Ground Water Draft in any season No. = Number of Abstraction Structures actually in Use. Unit Draft = Draft For one abstraction structure during the season. Types = No of Types of Different Structures. Unit Draft= Draft per day * No of days the structures are in use
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Dug wells with Manual Lift : 866 Daily draft during non monsoon = 6m3/day No of days 100   Dug wells with Electric Pumpset : 49 Daily draft during non monsoon = 30m3/day No of days 90 What is the Unit Draft During non-monsoon Gross Ground Water Draft
Estimation Of Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Dug wells with Manual Lift : 866 Unit draft during non monsoon = 6 *100m3 =600m3 Draft From Dugwells with Manual Lift =866 *600 = 519600 m3 =51.96ham   Dug wells with Electric Pumpset : 49 Unit draft during non monsoon = 30 * 90 m3 =2700 m3 Draft From Dugwells with Pumpset =2700 *49 = 132300 m3 =13.23ham Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation = 51.96 + 13.23 =65.19ham
Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS ESTIMATED DRAFT PER DAY PER STRUCTURE DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON ESTIMATED No OF SUCH DAYS THE STRUCTURE IS IN OPERATION DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON No. OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRAFTS OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS NIL
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Other Sources G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMMAND AREAS SEEPAGE FROM CANALS RETURN FLOW FROM SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW FROM GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RECHARGE DUE TO TANKS/PONDS RECHARGE DUE TO WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Other Sources G E C – 1 9 9 7 NON-COMMAND AREAS RETURN FLOW FROM GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RECHARGE DUE TO TANKS/PONDS RECHARGE DUE TO WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rc = WA*Days*SF Where Rc = The recharge due to canal segment in ham WA=Wetted Area in Million Sq.m SF = Seepage Factor in ham/Million Sq.m/day
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 ASD =Average Supply Depth (Or 0.6*FSD)  = Side Angle
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where WP=Wetted perimeter in m ASD = Average Supply Depth in m SideAngle = Side slope of the canal in Degrees BW = Bed width of the canal in m.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 WA= WP* L Where WA =Wetted Area in Million Sq.m WP =Wetted perimeter L = Length of Canal Segment in Kms. Rc = WA*Days*SF Where Rc = The recharge due to canal segment in ham WA=Wetted Area in Million Sq.m SF = Seepage Factor in ham/Million Sq.m/day
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR CANAL SEEPAGE Unlined canals in normal soils with some clay content along with sand 1.8 to 2.5 cumecs per millison sq m of wetted area (or) 15 to 20 ham/day/million sq m of wetted area Unlined canals in sandy soil with some silt content 3.0 to 3.5 cumecs per million sq m of wetted area (or) 25 to 30 ham/day/million sq m of wetted area Lined canals and canals in hard rock area 20% of above values for unlined canals
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR CANAL SEEPAGE The above values are valid if the water table is relatively deep. In shallow water table and waterlogged areas, the recharge from canal seepage may be suitably reduced. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Canal reach Name – Nandgaon Minor Reach Type – Unlined Lithology – Hard Rock Length –2660m Full Supply Depth – 5m Bed Width – 3m Slope – 45° Monsoon Running Days – 30 Non-monsoon Running Days -90 Canal Seepage Factor – 3 ham/day/million sq.m during both monsoon & non-monsoon What is the Recharge Due to The Canal reach ?
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 WA= 11.56 * 2660 = 30749.6 sq.m = 0.3075 m sq.m Rc during monsoon = 0.3075 * 30 * 3 = 27.675 ham Rc during non - monsoon = 0.3075 * 90 * 3 = 83.025 ham
Recharge Due To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS NAME OF THE CANAL, TYPE AND LENGTH NAME OF THE SEGMENT, LENGTH, DESIGN DEPTH, BASE WIDTH, SIDE SLOPE, LINING, TERRAIN, No. OF RUNNING DAYS DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON SEASONS . OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS STARTING AND ENDING LATITUDES & LONGITUDES
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rswi = IWA * RFF Where Rswi = Recharge due to Surface water irrigation in ham IWA = Irrigation water applied in ham RFF = Return Flow Factor as a fraction IWA = AD *days Where IWA = Irrigation water applied in ham AD = Average Discharge of the outlet in ham/day Days = No of days the out let is open.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW Type <10m 10m-25m >25m Paddy 50% 40% 25% Non-Paddy 30% 20% 10% Crop Water Level mbgl
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW The recharge is to be estimated based on water released at the outlet. Where continuous supply is used instead of rotational supply, an additional recharge of 5% of application may be used. 3. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outlet Name – Nandgaon Minor OL-1 Canal Reach Name – Nandagaon Minor Design Discharge – 1.646 ham/day Monsoon Running Days – 30 Non-monsoon Running Days –90 Crop Type – Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 3000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 3000 ha   Crop Type – Non-Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 6000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 6000 ha   RFF for paddy during Monsoon - 0.5 RFF for Non- Paddy during Monsoon – 0.3 RFF for paddy during Non- Monsoon - 0.5 RFF for Non- Paddy during Non-Monsoon – 0.3
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 IWA During Monsoon = 1.646* 0.6 * 30 =29.628ham IWA During Non-Monsoon = 1.646* 0.6 * 90 = 88.884ham Rswi During Monsoon= 29.628 * 0.3667 =10.86 ham Rswi During Non-Monsoon= 88.884 * 0.3667 = 32.59 ham
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rgwi = IWA * RFF Where Rgwi = Recharge due to Ground water irrigation in ham IWA = Irrigation water applied i.e. Gross ground Water Draft in ham RFF = Return Flow Factor as a fraction
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW Type <10m 10m-25m >25m Paddy 45% 35% 20% Non-Paddy 25% 15% 05% Crop Water Level mbgl
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW The recharge is to be estimated based on Gross Ground Water Draft. Where continuous supply is used instead of rotational supply, an additional recharge of 5% of application may be used. 3. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Crop Type – Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 3000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 3000 ha   Crop Type – Non-Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 6000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 6000 ha RFF for paddy during Monsoon - 0.45 RFF for Non- Paddy during Monsoon – 0.25 RFF for paddy during Non- Monsoon - 0.45 RFF for Non-Paddy during Non-Monsoon – 0.25
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation During Non-Monsoon= 65.19ham Rgwi During Non-Monsoon= 65.19 * 0.2778 = 18.11 ham
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 RT = AWSA * Days * RFact Where RT = Recharge from tanks & Ponds AWSA = Average Water Spread Area. (Or 60% of Design Water Spread Area.) Days = No. of water is actually available in the Tanks & Ponds. RFact = A recharge Factor in mm/day
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORM FOR TANK & POND SEEPAGE 1.4 mm / day
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 Tank Name – Yesamba Design Water Spread Area – 35ha Monsoon Running Days – 120 Non-monsoon Running Days –120
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 RT During Monsoon = 35 * 0.6 *120 * 0.0014 = 3.528 ham RT During Non-Monsoon = 35 * 0.6 *120 * 0.0014=3.528 ham
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 RWCS = GS*RFact Where RWCS = Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures GS = Gross Storage RFact = Recharge Factor as a Fraction GS = Storage Capacity * No. Of Fillings
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORM FOR SEEPAGE FROM WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES 50% of Gross Storage during a year means 25% during Monsoon Season 25% During Non-Monsoon Season
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 WCS Name – Nandgaon Type – Percolation tank Storage Capacity – 3.2ham No. of Fillings – 1.5
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 RWCS During Monsoon = 3.2 * 1.5 * 0.25 = 1.20 ham RWCS During Non-Monsoon = 3.2 * 1.5 * 0.25 = 1.20 ham
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall infiltration factor method Water level fluctuation method
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 RRF = Area*NMR*RFIF Where RRF = Recharge due to rainfall Area=Total area of the subunit NMR= Normal Monsoon Rainfall RFIF = Rainfall infiltration Factor
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Geographic Location Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Indo-Gangetic & Other Inland 22% 20% 25% 2 East Coast 16% 14% 18% 3 West Coast 10% 8% 12%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with low clay content 11% 10% 12% 2 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with significant clay content 8% 5% 9% 3 Rocks belong to Granulite Facies like Chornockite 5% 4% 6% 4 Vesicular and Jointed Basalt 13% 12% 14% 5 Weathered basalt 7% 6% 8% 6 Laterite 7% 6% 8%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 7 Semi-Consolidated Sandstone 12% 10% 14% 8 Cosolidated Sandstone, Quartzite,Limestone (except cavernous Limestone) 6% 5% 7% 9 Phyllites & Shales 4% 3% 5% 10 Massive Poorly Fractured Rock 1% 1% 3%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF Usually, the recommended values should be used for assessment, unless sufficient information is available to justify the use of minimum, maximum or other intermediate values. An additional 2% of rainfall recharge factor may be used in such areas or part of the areas where watershed development with associated soil conservation measures are implemented.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Raifall infiltration factor =0.07 Normal Monsoon Rainfall = 750mm
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Raifall infiltration factor =0.07 Normal Monsoon Rainfall = 750mm RRF = 27565 * 0.750*0.07 =1447.16 ham
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7  S=h * SY * A Where  S = Change in storage h = Rise in water level in the monsoon season SY = Specified yield A = Area of sub unit
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Sandy Alluvium 16% 12% 20% 2 Silty Alluvium 10% 8% 12% 3 Clayey Alluvium 6% 4% 8%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with low clay content 3% 2% 4% 2 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with significant clay content 1.5% 1% 2% 3 Weathered or Vesicular or Jointed Basalt 2% 1% 3% 4 Laterite 2.5% 2% 3% 5 Sandstone 3% 1% 5% 6 Quartzite 1.5% 1% 2%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 7 Limestone 2% 1% 3% 8 Karstified Limestone 8% 5% 13% 9 Phyllites & Shales 1.5% 1% 2% 10 Massive Poorly Fractured Rock 0.3% 0.2% 0.5%
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy Usually, the recommended values should be used for assessment, unless sufficient information is available to justify the use of minimum, maximum or other intermediate values.
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Specific yield – 0.02 Pre-Monsoon WL = 9.00 Post-Monsoon WL = 4.00  
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Specific yield – 0.02 Pre-Monsoon WL = 9.00 Post-Monsoon WL = 4.00    S=(9.00 – 4.00) * 0.02 * 27565=2756.5ham
G E C – 1 9 9 7 Determination of Sy Using Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
Specific Yield Estimation Using Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where  h = decline in water level during dry season SY= Specific yield A=Area of the micro watershed R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation D G =Gross Ground Water Draft
Specific Yield Estimation Using Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7  S= h * SY * A = RF+RC+RSW+RGW+RT+RWCS-DG Where   S= Change in storage h = Rise in water level during monsoon season SY= Specific yield in the zone of fluctuation A=Area of the sub unit RRF = Recharge due to Rainfall RC = Recharge due to Canals RSW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation RGW=Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation RT=Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds RWCS=Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures DG=Gross Ground Water Draft
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hence RRF =  S - RC - RSW -RGW – RT - RWCS +DG Or RRF =(h * SY * A)+ DG -RC - RSW -RGW – RT - RWCS
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 Two Methods Can Be Employed As proposed by the GEC-1984 i.e. y=mx Using y=mx+c equation
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx Rech=mRf m =Rech/Rf
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall Recharge 1434.80 1329.78 936.10 956.50 767.00 833.29 1164.00 1204.44 1016.18 1060.40
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall Recharge Recharge/Rainfall x y m=y/x 1434.80 1329.78 0.92 7 936.10 956.50 1.02 2 767.00 833.29 1.086 1164.00 1204.44 1.03 5 1016.18 1060.40 1.04 4
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 m NMR m x NMR 0.92 7 1016.18 94 2.00 1.02 2 1016.18 1038.5 4 0.97 5 990.27 1.03 5 1016.18 1051.7 5 1.04 4 1016.18 1060.89 0.92 7 1016.18 94 2.00 0.991 1016.18 1007.03
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx+c 10=m*3+c 16=m*5+c 10=3m+c 16=5m+c
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 10=3m+c 16=5m+c -6 = -2m m=6/2=3 10=3*3+c 10=9+c c =10-9=1
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx+c 1329.78 =m* 1 434.8 +c 956.50 =m* 9 36.10 +c 1329.78 = 1 434.8 m+c 956.50 = 9 36.10 m+c
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 1329.78 = 1 434.8 m+c 956.50 = 9 36.10 m+c 373.28= 498.7m m=373.28/ 498.7 =0.749 1329.78 = 1434.80 * 0.749 +c 1329.78 =1074.67+c C= 1 329 . 78 - 1074.67 = 255.11
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 m=0.749 C= 255.11 NMR= 1016.18 Rech=0.749*1016.18 + 255.11=1016.23
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method NORMALIZATION G E C – 1 9 9 7 For normalizing the rainfall recharge at least 5 years data of rainfall and the corresponding rainfall recharge is used. Fitting a linear regression curve for this data set will give an equation in y=ax+b form Where r i= Rainfall R i= Recharge due to rainfall
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 S.No RF Rech RF 2 RF*Rech 1 1 . 4348 1 . 329 8 2.058 7 1.90 80 2 0. 9361 0. 9565 0.876 3 0.895 4 3 0. 7670 0. 833 3 0.588 3 0.6391 4 1 . 1640 1 . 2044 1.3549 1.4019 5 1 . 016 2 1 . 0604 1.032 7 1.077 8 5 5.3181 5.3844 5.9109 5.9222 N S1 S2 S3 S4
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
Normalization of Recharge Due To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method PERCENT DIFFERENCE G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where PD = Percent Difference RRf(wtfm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated using Water Table Fluctuation Method RRf(rifm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated using Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method PERCENT DIFFERENCE G E C – 1 9 9 7 The rainfall recharge for Normal Monsoon Season Rainfall is finally adopted as per the following criteria. If -20% < PD < +20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(wtfm) If PD < -20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 0.8 If PD > +20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 1.2
Total Ground Water Recharge G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR = Total Ground Water Recharge R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
Total Ground Water Recharge During Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR m = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR m = Total Ground Water Recharge During Monsoon R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
Total Ground Water Recharge During Non-Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR n = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR n = Total Ground Water Recharge During Monsoon R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
Total Annual Ground Water Recharge G E C – 1 9 9 7 The sum of recharge during Monsoon and Non-Monsoon seasons will be the Total Annual Ground Water Recharge.
Net Annual Ground Water Availability G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWA = TAGWR – UND Where NAGWA = Net Annual Ground Water Availability TAGWR = Total Annual Ground Water Recharge UND = Unavoidable Natural Discharges (5% - 10% of Total Annual Ground Water Recharge)
Stage Of Ground Water Development G E C – 1 9 9 7
Ground Water Level Trend G E C – 1 9 9 7 GEC-1997 has recommended to categorize the assessment sub unit based on the stage of ground water development and the long term ground water level trend.
Categorization Of The Sub-Unit G E C – 1 9 9 7 Stage Of Ground Water Development (%) Ground Water Level trend Category <=70 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels does not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons do not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Semi-critical >90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Critical <100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Critical >100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Over exploited Stage Of Ground Water Development (%) Ground Water Level trend Category <=70 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels does not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons do not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Semi-critical >90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Critical <100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Critical >100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Over exploited
Categorization Of The Sub-Unit (Based On GEC-2004) G E C – 2 0 0 4 Stage Declining Pre-Monsoon Trend Declining Post-Monsoon Trend Category <=70% No No Safe <=70% No Yes To Be Reassessed <=70% Yes No To Be Reassessed <=70% Yes Yes To Be Reassessed >70% and <=90% No No Safe >70% and <=90% No Yes Semi-Critical >70% and <=90% Yes No Semi-Critical >70% and <=90% Yes Yes To Be Reassessed >90% and <=100% No No To Be Reassessed >90% and <=100% No Yes Semi-Critical >90% and <=100% Yes No Semi-Critical >90% and <=100% Yes Yes Critical >100% No No To Be Reassessed >100% No Yes Over-Exploited >100% Yes No Over-Exploited >100% Yes Yes Over-Exploited
Allocation Of Ground Water For Domestic And Industrial Needs G E C – 1 9 9 7 A = 22 * N * L g Where A = Allocation for domestic and Industrial water Requirement in mm/year. N = Projected Population density in the sub unit in thousands per square kilometer. L g = Fractional Load on ground water for domestic and industrial water supply (  1.0) 365*60lpcd=21900l/year =22 m 3 /year
Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWAFI = NAGWA – AFDIWR Where NAGWAFI = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Irrigation Use NAGWA = Net Annual Ground Water Availability AFDIWR = Allocation For Domestic and Industrial Water Requirement.
Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Future Irrigation Development G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWAFFID = NAGWAFI – CGGWDFI Where NAGWAFFID = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Future Irrigation Use NAGWAFI = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Irrigation Use CGGWDFI = Current Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation
Additional Potential Recharges G E C – 1 9 9 7       Water logged and Shallow Water Table Areas.      Flood Prone Areas.
Potential Recharge In Water Logged And Shallow Water Table Areas G E C – 1 9 9 7 PRWL = (5-DTW)* A * S Y Where PRWL = Potential Recharge in Water Logged and Shallow Water Table Areas DTW = Average Depth To Water Level A = Area of the Water logged Zone S Y = Specific Yield in the zone upto 5.0m bgl.
Potential Recharge In Flood Prone Areas G E C – 1 9 9 7 PRFL = 1.4 * N * A/1000 Where PRFL = Potential Recharge in Flood Prone Areas N = No of Days Water is Retained in the Area A = Flood Prone Area
Static Ground Water Resources G E C – 1 9 9 7 SGWR = A *( Z 2 - Z 1 ) * S Y Where SGWR = Static Ground Water Resources A = Area of the Assessment Unit Z 2 = Maximum depth up to which saturated formation extends Z 1 = Maximum extension of Zone of Water Table Fluctuation S Y = Specific Yield in the Zone of Static Water Resources.
Ground Water Resources In Confined Aquifers G E C – 1 9 9 7 There are two types of situations of occurrence of confined aquifers. In hard rock areas , the upper water table aquifer in the weathered zone is connected to the deeper fracture zone, which is semi-confined. no separate assessment is to be made for the confined aquifer.
Ground Water Resources In Confined Aquifers G E C – 1 9 9 7 There are two types of situations of occurrence of confined aquifers. In specific alluvial areas, If the confined aquifer is hydraulically connected to the overlying shallow water table aquifer, it is a semi confined aquifer. no separate assessment is to be made for the confined aquifer. If there is no hydraulic connection to the overlying water table aquifer, the resource may have to be estimated taking care to avoid duplication of resource assessment from the upper unconfined aquifers.  
Apportioning G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where the assessment unit is a watershed, there is a need to convert the ground water assessment in terms of an administrative unit such as block/ taluka/ mandal. The ground water assessment in the sub units, non-command and command areas of the watershed may be converted into depth unit (mm), by dividing the annual recharge by the respective area. The contribution of this sub units of the watershed to the block, is now calculated by multiplying this depth with the area in the block occupied by this sub unit. The total ground water resource of the block should be presented separately for each type of sub unit, namely for non-command areas, command areas and poor ground water quality areas, as in the case of the individual watersheds.
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Thank You

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Gec 1997

  • 1.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 By A.V.S.S.Anand Scientist Central Ground Water Board Visakhapatnam (avssanand@yahoo.com) GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
  • 2.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
  • 3.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Evaporation Transpiration Water Stored in Atmosphere Precipitation Water Stored in Ice & Snow Snow melt Runoff Surface Runoff Infiltration Fresh Water Storage Ground Water Discharge to Surface Water Bodies Infiltration from surface water bodies
  • 4.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R I = P – R – E I = P – R – E -T I = P – R – E –T – ICE I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR - FWST I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW Is This Feasible for a Regional Scale Assessment
  • 5.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW I = Infiltration P = Precipitation R = Surface Runoff E = Evaporation T = Transpiration ICE = Water Stored in Ice & Snow SNOWR = Snow melt Runoff FWST = Fresh Water Storage GWD = Ground Water Discharge to Surface Water Bodies ISW = Infiltration from surface water bodies
  • 6.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY I = P – R – E –T – ICE + SNOWR – FWST + GWD + ISW If We Consider Rainfall is the only form of Precipitation ICE = Water Stored in Ice & Snow can be ignored If We Consider an area not in the region of Himalayan rivers SNOWR = Snow melt Runoff can be ignored
  • 7.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Then the Infiltration Can Be Estimated By I = P – R – E –T – FWST + GWD + ISW
  • 8.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Availability of Data P - Available one set per Block R - Not Available even one per an Assessment Unit E & T – One Set Per District FWST – Design Storage is available not the actual. GWD - Except For small Project Areas, not even idea to measure at present ISW – Indirect Measurement
  • 9.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Reliable Parameters In This Method : P is reliable. ISW is reliable provided there is a proper method to compute.
  • 10.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Modeling Approach : Certainly It gives better result provided One can develop a fully validated model for each assessment unit. Is It Feasible (Possible) Today? In Last 60 years after Independence we have flow models in India not more than 30 or 40. Whether can they be used for parameter estimation?
  • 11.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY Modeling Approach : We don’t have sufficient data for the lumped parameter model How can we manage data hungry discrete parameter modeling
  • 12.
    Approach Lumped ParameterModel GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 13.
    Basic Equation Inflow-Outflow=Changein Storage GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 14.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Inflow Components Rainfall Recharge Recharge From canals Recharge From Surface Water Irrigation Recharge From Ground Water irrigation Recharge From Tanks & Ponds Recharge From Water Conservation Structures
  • 15.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Inflow Components (not included in GEC) Lateral Inflow across Boundaries Sub surface inflow from hydraulically connected streams Vertical inter aquifer inflow
  • 16.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outflow Components Gross Draft
  • 17.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outflow Components (not included in GEC) Lateral Outflow across Boundaries Sub surface Outflow from hydraulically connected streams Vertical inter aquifer Outflow Evapotranspiration
  • 18.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 The parameters not included in GEC are mainly very difficult to compute in the assessment at regional scale. Lateral flows are zero when hydrological boundary is selected. In other components it is assumed inflow=outflow. For Base flow and Evapo-transpiration provision for 5 –10 % as unaccounted discharges is made .
  • 19.
    Ground Water AssessmentUnit G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hard Rock Areas Hydrological Boundaries Soft Rock Areas Administrative Boundaries
  • 20.
    Ground Water AssessmentSub-Units G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hilly Areas Recharge is Not Possible Ground Water Worthy Areas Recharge is Possible Poor Ground Water Quality Areas Quality is Beyond Permissible Limits Good Ground Water Quality Areas Quality is Within Permissible Limits Command Areas Command of any Major or Medium Irrigation Project Non-Command Areas Not in the Command of any Major or Medium Irrigation Project
  • 21.
    Ground Water AssessmentSub-Units G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS AREA OF ASSESSMENT UNIT HILLY AREA COMMAND AREA POOR GROUND WATER QUALITY AREA OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS STARTING AND ENDING LATITUDES & LONGITUDES
  • 22.
    Ground Water YearG E C – 1 9 9 7 Predominant Monsoon South-West Monsoon North-East Monsoon Ground Water Year June To May July To June October To September Monsoon Period June To September July To October October To December Non-Monsoon Period October To May November To June January To September Pre-Monsoon Monitoring May/June/September Post-Monsoon Monitoring October/November/January
  • 23.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 THE MAIN COMPONENTS ARE COMPUTATION OF GROUND WATER DRAFT COMPUTATION OF RECHARGE DUE TO OTHER SOURCES COMPUTATION OF RAINFALL RECHARGE COMPUTATION OF SUMMARY DETAILS
  • 24.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMPUTATION OF RECHARGE DUE TO OTHER SOURCES Recharge Due To Canals Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation Recharge Due To Tanks & Ponds Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures
  • 25.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMPUTATION OF SUMMARY DETAILS Net Annual Ground Water Availability Current Stage Of Ground Water Development Water Level Trend Categorization For Future Ground Water Development Ground Water Allocation For Domestic & Industrial Water Supply Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Future Irrigation Needs. Additional Potential Recharges. Static Ground Water Resources.
  • 26.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Draft Can Be Of Three Types Domestic draft Irrigation draft Industrial draft
  • 27.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 DOMESTIC DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft REQUIREMENT METHOD Population Census Percapita Requirement
  • 28.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 IRRIGATION DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft CROPPING PATTERN METHOD Cropping Pattern Crop Water Requirement POWER CONSUMPTION METHOD Total power consumed Unit Power Required For Unit Water Lift
  • 29.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 INDUSTRIAL DRAFT WELL CENSUS METHOD No. of different types of abstraction structures Unit Draft POWER CONSUMPTION METHOD Total power consumed Unit Power Required For Unit Water Lift
  • 30.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where GGWDft = Gross Ground Water Draft in any season No. = Number of Abstraction Structures actually in Use. Unit Draft = Draft For one abstraction structure during the season. Types = No of Types of Different Structures. Unit Draft= Draft per day * No of days the structures are in use
  • 31.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Dug wells with Manual Lift : 866 Daily draft during non monsoon = 6m3/day No of days 100   Dug wells with Electric Pumpset : 49 Daily draft during non monsoon = 30m3/day No of days 90 What is the Unit Draft During non-monsoon Gross Ground Water Draft
  • 32.
    Estimation Of GroundWater Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 Dug wells with Manual Lift : 866 Unit draft during non monsoon = 6 *100m3 =600m3 Draft From Dugwells with Manual Lift =866 *600 = 519600 m3 =51.96ham   Dug wells with Electric Pumpset : 49 Unit draft during non monsoon = 30 * 90 m3 =2700 m3 Draft From Dugwells with Pumpset =2700 *49 = 132300 m3 =13.23ham Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation = 51.96 + 13.23 =65.19ham
  • 33.
    Ground Water Draft G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS ESTIMATED DRAFT PER DAY PER STRUCTURE DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON ESTIMATED No OF SUCH DAYS THE STRUCTURE IS IN OPERATION DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON No. OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRAFTS OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS NIL
  • 34.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Other Sources G E C – 1 9 9 7 COMMAND AREAS SEEPAGE FROM CANALS RETURN FLOW FROM SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW FROM GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RECHARGE DUE TO TANKS/PONDS RECHARGE DUE TO WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES
  • 35.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Other Sources G E C – 1 9 9 7 NON-COMMAND AREAS RETURN FLOW FROM GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RECHARGE DUE TO TANKS/PONDS RECHARGE DUE TO WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES
  • 36.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rc = WA*Days*SF Where Rc = The recharge due to canal segment in ham WA=Wetted Area in Million Sq.m SF = Seepage Factor in ham/Million Sq.m/day
  • 37.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 38.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 39.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 40.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 41.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 ASD =Average Supply Depth (Or 0.6*FSD)  = Side Angle
  • 42.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where WP=Wetted perimeter in m ASD = Average Supply Depth in m SideAngle = Side slope of the canal in Degrees BW = Bed width of the canal in m.
  • 43.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 WA= WP* L Where WA =Wetted Area in Million Sq.m WP =Wetted perimeter L = Length of Canal Segment in Kms. Rc = WA*Days*SF Where Rc = The recharge due to canal segment in ham WA=Wetted Area in Million Sq.m SF = Seepage Factor in ham/Million Sq.m/day
  • 44.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR CANAL SEEPAGE Unlined canals in normal soils with some clay content along with sand 1.8 to 2.5 cumecs per millison sq m of wetted area (or) 15 to 20 ham/day/million sq m of wetted area Unlined canals in sandy soil with some silt content 3.0 to 3.5 cumecs per million sq m of wetted area (or) 25 to 30 ham/day/million sq m of wetted area Lined canals and canals in hard rock area 20% of above values for unlined canals
  • 45.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR CANAL SEEPAGE The above values are valid if the water table is relatively deep. In shallow water table and waterlogged areas, the recharge from canal seepage may be suitably reduced. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
  • 46.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 Canal reach Name – Nandgaon Minor Reach Type – Unlined Lithology – Hard Rock Length –2660m Full Supply Depth – 5m Bed Width – 3m Slope – 45° Monsoon Running Days – 30 Non-monsoon Running Days -90 Canal Seepage Factor – 3 ham/day/million sq.m during both monsoon & non-monsoon What is the Recharge Due to The Canal reach ?
  • 47.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Canals G E C – 1 9 9 7 WA= 11.56 * 2660 = 30749.6 sq.m = 0.3075 m sq.m Rc during monsoon = 0.3075 * 30 * 3 = 27.675 ham Rc during non - monsoon = 0.3075 * 90 * 3 = 83.025 ham
  • 48.
    Recharge Due ToCanals G E C – 1 9 9 7 ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS NAME OF THE CANAL, TYPE AND LENGTH NAME OF THE SEGMENT, LENGTH, DESIGN DEPTH, BASE WIDTH, SIDE SLOPE, LINING, TERRAIN, No. OF RUNNING DAYS DURING MONSOON & NON-MONSOON SEASONS . OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS STARTING AND ENDING LATITUDES & LONGITUDES
  • 49.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rswi = IWA * RFF Where Rswi = Recharge due to Surface water irrigation in ham IWA = Irrigation water applied in ham RFF = Return Flow Factor as a fraction IWA = AD *days Where IWA = Irrigation water applied in ham AD = Average Discharge of the outlet in ham/day Days = No of days the out let is open.
  • 50.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW Type <10m 10m-25m >25m Paddy 50% 40% 25% Non-Paddy 30% 20% 10% Crop Water Level mbgl
  • 51.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW The recharge is to be estimated based on water released at the outlet. Where continuous supply is used instead of rotational supply, an additional recharge of 5% of application may be used. 3. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
  • 52.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Outlet Name – Nandgaon Minor OL-1 Canal Reach Name – Nandagaon Minor Design Discharge – 1.646 ham/day Monsoon Running Days – 30 Non-monsoon Running Days –90 Crop Type – Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 3000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 3000 ha   Crop Type – Non-Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 6000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 6000 ha   RFF for paddy during Monsoon - 0.5 RFF for Non- Paddy during Monsoon – 0.3 RFF for paddy during Non- Monsoon - 0.5 RFF for Non- Paddy during Non-Monsoon – 0.3
  • 53.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Surface Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 IWA During Monsoon = 1.646* 0.6 * 30 =29.628ham IWA During Non-Monsoon = 1.646* 0.6 * 90 = 88.884ham Rswi During Monsoon= 29.628 * 0.3667 =10.86 ham Rswi During Non-Monsoon= 88.884 * 0.3667 = 32.59 ham
  • 54.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rgwi = IWA * RFF Where Rgwi = Recharge due to Ground water irrigation in ham IWA = Irrigation water applied i.e. Gross ground Water Draft in ham RFF = Return Flow Factor as a fraction
  • 55.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW Type <10m 10m-25m >25m Paddy 45% 35% 20% Non-Paddy 25% 15% 05% Crop Water Level mbgl
  • 56.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR GROUND WATER IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW The recharge is to be estimated based on Gross Ground Water Draft. Where continuous supply is used instead of rotational supply, an additional recharge of 5% of application may be used. 3. Where specific results are available from case studies, the adhoc norms are to be replaced by norms evolved from these studies.
  • 57.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Crop Type – Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 3000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 3000 ha   Crop Type – Non-Paddy Area irrigated During Monsoon – 6000 ha Area irrigated During Non-Monsoon – 6000 ha RFF for paddy during Monsoon - 0.45 RFF for Non- Paddy during Monsoon – 0.25 RFF for paddy during Non- Monsoon - 0.45 RFF for Non-Paddy during Non-Monsoon – 0.25
  • 58.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Ground Water Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation During Non-Monsoon= 65.19ham Rgwi During Non-Monsoon= 65.19 * 0.2778 = 18.11 ham
  • 59.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 RT = AWSA * Days * RFact Where RT = Recharge from tanks & Ponds AWSA = Average Water Spread Area. (Or 60% of Design Water Spread Area.) Days = No. of water is actually available in the Tanks & Ponds. RFact = A recharge Factor in mm/day
  • 60.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORM FOR TANK & POND SEEPAGE 1.4 mm / day
  • 61.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 Tank Name – Yesamba Design Water Spread Area – 35ha Monsoon Running Days – 120 Non-monsoon Running Days –120
  • 62.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Tanks & Ponds G E C – 1 9 9 7 RT During Monsoon = 35 * 0.6 *120 * 0.0014 = 3.528 ham RT During Non-Monsoon = 35 * 0.6 *120 * 0.0014=3.528 ham
  • 63.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 RWCS = GS*RFact Where RWCS = Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures GS = Gross Storage RFact = Recharge Factor as a Fraction GS = Storage Capacity * No. Of Fillings
  • 64.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORM FOR SEEPAGE FROM WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES 50% of Gross Storage during a year means 25% during Monsoon Season 25% During Non-Monsoon Season
  • 65.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 WCS Name – Nandgaon Type – Percolation tank Storage Capacity – 3.2ham No. of Fillings – 1.5
  • 66.
    Estimation Of Recharge Due To Water Conservation Structures G E C – 1 9 9 7 RWCS During Monsoon = 3.2 * 1.5 * 0.25 = 1.20 ham RWCS During Non-Monsoon = 3.2 * 1.5 * 0.25 = 1.20 ham
  • 67.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall infiltration factor method Water level fluctuation method
  • 68.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 RRF = Area*NMR*RFIF Where RRF = Recharge due to rainfall Area=Total area of the subunit NMR= Normal Monsoon Rainfall RFIF = Rainfall infiltration Factor
  • 69.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Geographic Location Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Indo-Gangetic & Other Inland 22% 20% 25% 2 East Coast 16% 14% 18% 3 West Coast 10% 8% 12%
  • 70.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with low clay content 11% 10% 12% 2 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with significant clay content 8% 5% 9% 3 Rocks belong to Granulite Facies like Chornockite 5% 4% 6% 4 Vesicular and Jointed Basalt 13% 12% 14% 5 Weathered basalt 7% 6% 8% 6 Laterite 7% 6% 8%
  • 71.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 7 Semi-Consolidated Sandstone 12% 10% 14% 8 Cosolidated Sandstone, Quartzite,Limestone (except cavernous Limestone) 6% 5% 7% 9 Phyllites & Shales 4% 3% 5% 10 Massive Poorly Fractured Rock 1% 1% 3%
  • 72.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR RIF Usually, the recommended values should be used for assessment, unless sufficient information is available to justify the use of minimum, maximum or other intermediate values. An additional 2% of rainfall recharge factor may be used in such areas or part of the areas where watershed development with associated soil conservation measures are implemented.
  • 73.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Raifall infiltration factor =0.07 Normal Monsoon Rainfall = 750mm
  • 74.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Raifall infiltration factor =0.07 Normal Monsoon Rainfall = 750mm RRF = 27565 * 0.750*0.07 =1447.16 ham
  • 75.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7  S=h * SY * A Where  S = Change in storage h = Rise in water level in the monsoon season SY = Specified yield A = Area of sub unit
  • 76.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Sandy Alluvium 16% 12% 20% 2 Silty Alluvium 10% 8% 12% 3 Clayey Alluvium 6% 4% 8%
  • 77.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 1 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with low clay content 3% 2% 4% 2 Weathered Granite. Gneiss and Schist with significant clay content 1.5% 1% 2% 3 Weathered or Vesicular or Jointed Basalt 2% 1% 3% 4 Laterite 2.5% 2% 3% 5 Sandstone 3% 1% 5% 6 Quartzite 1.5% 1% 2%
  • 78.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy S.No Rock Formation Recommended Minimum Maximum 7 Limestone 2% 1% 3% 8 Karstified Limestone 8% 5% 13% 9 Phyllites & Shales 1.5% 1% 2% 10 Massive Poorly Fractured Rock 0.3% 0.2% 0.5%
  • 79.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 NORMS FOR Sy Usually, the recommended values should be used for assessment, unless sufficient information is available to justify the use of minimum, maximum or other intermediate values.
  • 80.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Specific yield – 0.02 Pre-Monsoon WL = 9.00 Post-Monsoon WL = 4.00  
  • 81.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Area 27565 ha Specific yield – 0.02 Pre-Monsoon WL = 9.00 Post-Monsoon WL = 4.00    S=(9.00 – 4.00) * 0.02 * 27565=2756.5ham
  • 82.
    G E C– 1 9 9 7 Determination of Sy Using Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY
  • 83.
    Specific Yield EstimationUsing Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where  h = decline in water level during dry season SY= Specific yield A=Area of the micro watershed R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation D G =Gross Ground Water Draft
  • 84.
    Specific Yield EstimationUsing Dry Season Ground Water Balance Method G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 85.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7  S= h * SY * A = RF+RC+RSW+RGW+RT+RWCS-DG Where   S= Change in storage h = Rise in water level during monsoon season SY= Specific yield in the zone of fluctuation A=Area of the sub unit RRF = Recharge due to Rainfall RC = Recharge due to Canals RSW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation RGW=Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation RT=Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds RWCS=Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures DG=Gross Ground Water Draft
  • 86.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method G E C – 1 9 9 7 Hence RRF =  S - RC - RSW -RGW – RT - RWCS +DG Or RRF =(h * SY * A)+ DG -RC - RSW -RGW – RT - RWCS
  • 87.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 Two Methods Can Be Employed As proposed by the GEC-1984 i.e. y=mx Using y=mx+c equation
  • 88.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx Rech=mRf m =Rech/Rf
  • 89.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall Recharge 1434.80 1329.78 936.10 956.50 767.00 833.29 1164.00 1204.44 1016.18 1060.40
  • 90.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 Rainfall Recharge Recharge/Rainfall x y m=y/x 1434.80 1329.78 0.92 7 936.10 956.50 1.02 2 767.00 833.29 1.086 1164.00 1204.44 1.03 5 1016.18 1060.40 1.04 4
  • 91.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX G E C – 1 9 9 7 m NMR m x NMR 0.92 7 1016.18 94 2.00 1.02 2 1016.18 1038.5 4 0.97 5 990.27 1.03 5 1016.18 1051.7 5 1.04 4 1016.18 1060.89 0.92 7 1016.18 94 2.00 0.991 1016.18 1007.03
  • 92.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx+c 10=m*3+c 16=m*5+c 10=3m+c 16=5m+c
  • 93.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 10=3m+c 16=5m+c -6 = -2m m=6/2=3 10=3*3+c 10=9+c c =10-9=1
  • 94.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 y=mx+c 1329.78 =m* 1 434.8 +c 956.50 =m* 9 36.10 +c 1329.78 = 1 434.8 m+c 956.50 = 9 36.10 m+c
  • 95.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 1329.78 = 1 434.8 m+c 956.50 = 9 36.10 m+c 373.28= 498.7m m=373.28/ 498.7 =0.749 1329.78 = 1434.80 * 0.749 +c 1329.78 =1074.67+c C= 1 329 . 78 - 1074.67 = 255.11
  • 96.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 m=0.749 C= 255.11 NMR= 1016.18 Rech=0.749*1016.18 + 255.11=1016.23
  • 97.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method NORMALIZATION G E C – 1 9 9 7 For normalizing the rainfall recharge at least 5 years data of rainfall and the corresponding rainfall recharge is used. Fitting a linear regression curve for this data set will give an equation in y=ax+b form Where r i= Rainfall R i= Recharge due to rainfall
  • 98.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7 S.No RF Rech RF 2 RF*Rech 1 1 . 4348 1 . 329 8 2.058 7 1.90 80 2 0. 9361 0. 9565 0.876 3 0.895 4 3 0. 7670 0. 833 3 0.588 3 0.6391 4 1 . 1640 1 . 2044 1.3549 1.4019 5 1 . 016 2 1 . 0604 1.032 7 1.077 8 5 5.3181 5.3844 5.9109 5.9222 N S1 S2 S3 S4
  • 99.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 100.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 101.
    Normalization of RechargeDue To Rainfall During Monsoon Season Y=mX+c G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 102.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method PERCENT DIFFERENCE G E C – 1 9 9 7 Where PD = Percent Difference RRf(wtfm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated using Water Table Fluctuation Method RRf(rifm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated using Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method
  • 103.
    Estimation Of RechargeDue To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method PERCENT DIFFERENCE G E C – 1 9 9 7 The rainfall recharge for Normal Monsoon Season Rainfall is finally adopted as per the following criteria. If -20% < PD < +20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(wtfm) If PD < -20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 0.8 If PD > +20% Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 1.2
  • 104.
    Total Ground WaterRecharge G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR = Total Ground Water Recharge R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
  • 105.
    Total Ground WaterRecharge During Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR m = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR m = Total Ground Water Recharge During Monsoon R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
  • 106.
    Total Ground WaterRecharge During Non-Monsoon Season G E C – 1 9 9 7 TGWR n = R Rf + R C + R SW + R GW + R T + R WCS Where TGWR n = Total Ground Water Recharge During Monsoon R RF = Recharge due to Rainfall R C = Recharge due to Canals R SW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation R GW =Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation R T =Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds R WCS =Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
  • 107.
    Total Annual GroundWater Recharge G E C – 1 9 9 7 The sum of recharge during Monsoon and Non-Monsoon seasons will be the Total Annual Ground Water Recharge.
  • 108.
    Net Annual GroundWater Availability G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWA = TAGWR – UND Where NAGWA = Net Annual Ground Water Availability TAGWR = Total Annual Ground Water Recharge UND = Unavoidable Natural Discharges (5% - 10% of Total Annual Ground Water Recharge)
  • 109.
    Stage Of GroundWater Development G E C – 1 9 9 7
  • 110.
    Ground Water LevelTrend G E C – 1 9 9 7 GEC-1997 has recommended to categorize the assessment sub unit based on the stage of ground water development and the long term ground water level trend.
  • 111.
    Categorization Of TheSub-Unit G E C – 1 9 9 7 Stage Of Ground Water Development (%) Ground Water Level trend Category <=70 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels does not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons do not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Semi-critical >90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Critical <100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Critical >100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Over exploited Stage Of Ground Water Development (%) Ground Water Level trend Category <=70 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels does not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons do not show a Falling Trend Safe 70-90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Semi-critical >90 Either Pre-monsoon or Post Monsoon Water levels Shows a Falling Trend Critical <100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Critical >100 Both the trends during Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons show a Falling Trend Over exploited
  • 112.
    Categorization Of TheSub-Unit (Based On GEC-2004) G E C – 2 0 0 4 Stage Declining Pre-Monsoon Trend Declining Post-Monsoon Trend Category <=70% No No Safe <=70% No Yes To Be Reassessed <=70% Yes No To Be Reassessed <=70% Yes Yes To Be Reassessed >70% and <=90% No No Safe >70% and <=90% No Yes Semi-Critical >70% and <=90% Yes No Semi-Critical >70% and <=90% Yes Yes To Be Reassessed >90% and <=100% No No To Be Reassessed >90% and <=100% No Yes Semi-Critical >90% and <=100% Yes No Semi-Critical >90% and <=100% Yes Yes Critical >100% No No To Be Reassessed >100% No Yes Over-Exploited >100% Yes No Over-Exploited >100% Yes Yes Over-Exploited
  • 113.
    Allocation Of GroundWater For Domestic And Industrial Needs G E C – 1 9 9 7 A = 22 * N * L g Where A = Allocation for domestic and Industrial water Requirement in mm/year. N = Projected Population density in the sub unit in thousands per square kilometer. L g = Fractional Load on ground water for domestic and industrial water supply (  1.0) 365*60lpcd=21900l/year =22 m 3 /year
  • 114.
    Net Annual GroundWater Availability For Irrigation G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWAFI = NAGWA – AFDIWR Where NAGWAFI = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Irrigation Use NAGWA = Net Annual Ground Water Availability AFDIWR = Allocation For Domestic and Industrial Water Requirement.
  • 115.
    Net Annual GroundWater Availability For Future Irrigation Development G E C – 1 9 9 7 NAGWAFFID = NAGWAFI – CGGWDFI Where NAGWAFFID = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Future Irrigation Use NAGWAFI = Net Annual Ground Water Availability For Irrigation Use CGGWDFI = Current Gross Ground Water Draft For Irrigation
  • 116.
    Additional Potential RechargesG E C – 1 9 9 7       Water logged and Shallow Water Table Areas.      Flood Prone Areas.
  • 117.
    Potential Recharge InWater Logged And Shallow Water Table Areas G E C – 1 9 9 7 PRWL = (5-DTW)* A * S Y Where PRWL = Potential Recharge in Water Logged and Shallow Water Table Areas DTW = Average Depth To Water Level A = Area of the Water logged Zone S Y = Specific Yield in the zone upto 5.0m bgl.
  • 118.
    Potential Recharge InFlood Prone Areas G E C – 1 9 9 7 PRFL = 1.4 * N * A/1000 Where PRFL = Potential Recharge in Flood Prone Areas N = No of Days Water is Retained in the Area A = Flood Prone Area
  • 119.
    Static Ground WaterResources G E C – 1 9 9 7 SGWR = A *( Z 2 - Z 1 ) * S Y Where SGWR = Static Ground Water Resources A = Area of the Assessment Unit Z 2 = Maximum depth up to which saturated formation extends Z 1 = Maximum extension of Zone of Water Table Fluctuation S Y = Specific Yield in the Zone of Static Water Resources.
  • 120.
    Ground Water ResourcesIn Confined Aquifers G E C – 1 9 9 7 There are two types of situations of occurrence of confined aquifers. In hard rock areas , the upper water table aquifer in the weathered zone is connected to the deeper fracture zone, which is semi-confined. no separate assessment is to be made for the confined aquifer.
  • 121.
    Ground Water ResourcesIn Confined Aquifers G E C – 1 9 9 7 There are two types of situations of occurrence of confined aquifers. In specific alluvial areas, If the confined aquifer is hydraulically connected to the overlying shallow water table aquifer, it is a semi confined aquifer. no separate assessment is to be made for the confined aquifer. If there is no hydraulic connection to the overlying water table aquifer, the resource may have to be estimated taking care to avoid duplication of resource assessment from the upper unconfined aquifers.  
  • 122.
    Apportioning G EC – 1 9 9 7 Where the assessment unit is a watershed, there is a need to convert the ground water assessment in terms of an administrative unit such as block/ taluka/ mandal. The ground water assessment in the sub units, non-command and command areas of the watershed may be converted into depth unit (mm), by dividing the annual recharge by the respective area. The contribution of this sub units of the watershed to the block, is now calculated by multiplying this depth with the area in the block occupied by this sub unit. The total ground water resource of the block should be presented separately for each type of sub unit, namely for non-command areas, command areas and poor ground water quality areas, as in the case of the individual watersheds.
  • 123.
    GROUND WATER RESOURCESESTIMATION USING GEC-1997 METHODOLOGY G E C – 1 9 9 7 Thank You