FDA's Salmonella Enteritidis Rule for Laying Chickens - Dr. Pat Curtis, Auburn University, from NIAA's One Health: Implications for Animal Agriculture, March 15 - 17, 2010, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic poultry production requirements in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. Key requirements include providing outdoor access for birds, using only certified organic feed, and managing health through proactive practices and natural treatments instead of antibiotics. The document covers organic standards for living conditions and housing, health management, feed, processing, and recordkeeping. Organic poultry must be raised without cages and allowed outdoor access while being fed organic feed and treated using natural health methods rather than drugs or synthetic parasiticides.
The Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Project (EAAPP) aims to increase agricultural productivity and growth in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. For the dairy component in Uganda, EAAPP has addressed constraints like inadequate feeds, poor breeding practices and diseases. Key achievements include: developing Napier grass varieties tolerant to disease; improving cattle genetics through selection and crossbreeding; and developing technologies to control ticks and diseases. Over 2000 farmers have been trained in better pasture management and breeding practices. Purebred exotic cattle have been imported and crossbred with local stock. Artificial insemination has been promoted to disseminate improved genetics. Overall EAAPP has contributed significantly to improving smallholder dairy production in Uganda.
CCF Brands is a large egg company founded in 1997 as Country Creek Farms that has since expanded into a retail food company with over $350 million in annual sales. It operates egg farms and processing facilities that are certified under globally recognized food safety standards. CCF Brands implements strict biosecurity, vaccination, testing, and refrigeration protocols throughout its supply chain to prevent Salmonella contamination and protect food safety.
This document provides guidance on hatchery management from Cobb Hatchery. It covers topics such as hatchability, hatchery performance indicators, egg management, incubator operation, egg transfer, factors influencing chick size, hatcher operation, chick take-off and processing, hatchery waste disposal, transportation considerations, effects of altitude, maintenance, automation, design, sanitation, record keeping, and embryo diagnosis. The guide is intended to explain hatchery principles and highlight best practices to maximize hatchability and chick quality. Close collaboration between the hatchery and breeder farm is emphasized.
This document summarizes the progress made on Golden Rice, including:
- Updates on different versions developed (GR1 in 2000, improved GR2 in 2004-2005)
- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
- Plans to undergo further development and regulatory approval in countries with high rates of vitamin A deficiency, including field trials, compositional analysis, and consultation with regulatory agencies in the Philippines.
- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
Dr. Jeff Ondrak - Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & ManagementJohn Blue
Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & Management - Dr. Jeff Ondrak, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Dr. Dyneah Classen - In-Depth PEDv Outbreak Investigation: Apparently There W...John Blue
In-Depth PEDv Outbreak Investigation: Apparently There Were Some Interesting Findings In The One That Just Finished - Dr. Dyneah Classen, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
This document summarizes a policy study on improving the quality of agricultural inputs in Bangladesh. It finds that while Bangladesh has policies and regulations around seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, fish/animal feed, and day-old chicks, there are gaps and inconsistencies that weaken quality control. Laboratories lack standardization and capacity. Rules don't sufficiently ensure quality in production, distribution, and use of inputs. The study recommends strengthening regulatory agencies, establishing an independent quality testing laboratory, improving inspection systems, and reforming policies and regulations to close gaps and enforce quality standards.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic poultry production requirements in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. Key requirements include providing outdoor access for birds, using only certified organic feed, and managing health through proactive practices and natural treatments instead of antibiotics. The document covers organic standards for living conditions and housing, health management, feed, processing, and recordkeeping. Organic poultry must be raised without cages and allowed outdoor access while being fed organic feed and treated using natural health methods rather than drugs or synthetic parasiticides.
The Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Project (EAAPP) aims to increase agricultural productivity and growth in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. For the dairy component in Uganda, EAAPP has addressed constraints like inadequate feeds, poor breeding practices and diseases. Key achievements include: developing Napier grass varieties tolerant to disease; improving cattle genetics through selection and crossbreeding; and developing technologies to control ticks and diseases. Over 2000 farmers have been trained in better pasture management and breeding practices. Purebred exotic cattle have been imported and crossbred with local stock. Artificial insemination has been promoted to disseminate improved genetics. Overall EAAPP has contributed significantly to improving smallholder dairy production in Uganda.
CCF Brands is a large egg company founded in 1997 as Country Creek Farms that has since expanded into a retail food company with over $350 million in annual sales. It operates egg farms and processing facilities that are certified under globally recognized food safety standards. CCF Brands implements strict biosecurity, vaccination, testing, and refrigeration protocols throughout its supply chain to prevent Salmonella contamination and protect food safety.
This document provides guidance on hatchery management from Cobb Hatchery. It covers topics such as hatchability, hatchery performance indicators, egg management, incubator operation, egg transfer, factors influencing chick size, hatcher operation, chick take-off and processing, hatchery waste disposal, transportation considerations, effects of altitude, maintenance, automation, design, sanitation, record keeping, and embryo diagnosis. The guide is intended to explain hatchery principles and highlight best practices to maximize hatchability and chick quality. Close collaboration between the hatchery and breeder farm is emphasized.
This document summarizes the progress made on Golden Rice, including:
- Updates on different versions developed (GR1 in 2000, improved GR2 in 2004-2005)
- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
- Plans to undergo further development and regulatory approval in countries with high rates of vitamin A deficiency, including field trials, compositional analysis, and consultation with regulatory agencies in the Philippines.
- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
Dr. Jeff Ondrak - Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & ManagementJohn Blue
Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & Management - Dr. Jeff Ondrak, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Dr. Dyneah Classen - In-Depth PEDv Outbreak Investigation: Apparently There W...John Blue
In-Depth PEDv Outbreak Investigation: Apparently There Were Some Interesting Findings In The One That Just Finished - Dr. Dyneah Classen, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
This document summarizes a policy study on improving the quality of agricultural inputs in Bangladesh. It finds that while Bangladesh has policies and regulations around seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, fish/animal feed, and day-old chicks, there are gaps and inconsistencies that weaken quality control. Laboratories lack standardization and capacity. Rules don't sufficiently ensure quality in production, distribution, and use of inputs. The study recommends strengthening regulatory agencies, establishing an independent quality testing laboratory, improving inspection systems, and reforming policies and regulations to close gaps and enforce quality standards.
Presentation by Dr IDK Atokple, CSIR Savannah Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
An expert presented on key changes to China's new Food Safety Law and implications for imported foods:
1) Authority over food safety has been consolidated under the National Health and Family Planning Commission, with stricter standards, fines, and penalties for non-compliance.
2) Imported foods must meet national food safety standards and be accompanied by inspection certificates, with importers responsible for verifying exporters' compliance. Recalls are now required if imported foods are found to be non-compliant.
3) For foods without Chinese standards, importers must register alternative standards and China may develop its own. Importers must also keep detailed records and maintain good credit to avoid import restrictions.
This document summarizes research on using biological control to reduce aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts and maize in Africa. It finds that aflasafe, a product made from atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains, significantly reduces aflatoxin levels at harvest and in storage in multiple countries. Pilot projects in Nigeria, Senegal, and Kenya show over 80% reduction on average. Scaling up production and an integrated approach including awareness, policies, markets and trade are needed for wider impact. Efforts are underway to develop manufacturing and commercialize biocontrol as part of a sustainable solution to aflatoxins in Africa.
VS FMD Strategy - Beth Lautner, DVM MS, USDA, APHIS, VS, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
This document discusses hatchery design and technology standards. It notes that modern hatcheries are expected to meet higher standards around preventing disease spread, improving efficiency, meeting animal welfare requirements, and optimizing incubation conditions for performance. Key factors in hatchery design include layout, airflow, sanitation procedures, incubation equipment tailored to current high-yield genetics, automation, and addressing food safety, welfare and labor concerns. The optimal design considers the unique needs of the embryo at each stage of incubation to maximize chick quality and yield.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
The document discusses the Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS) role in ensuring the humane handling of livestock during slaughter. It oversees inspection at 6,200 plants annually and issues citations when it finds violations of humane handling regulations. In 2011, FSIS suspended 68 livestock slaughter operations for egregious inhumane handling violations. It also works to enforce humane standards at poultry slaughter plants through directives establishing good commercial practices.
China has passed a new, stricter Food Safety Law in 2015. Key changes include:
- Stricter penalties for violations, including revoking certificates and banning imports.
- Imported foods must meet Chinese standards and be accompanied by inspection certificates. Importers must verify exporters' compliance.
- Authorities have increased supervision of imported foods in the domestic market and cooperation between agencies.
- Exporters, agents, importers and overseas producers must register with authorities. Those providing false information can be removed from registration lists.
This document provides information on broiler farming at a commercial level. It discusses the differences between open shed and control shed systems. Open sheds have lower construction and running costs but lower production satisfaction due to the lack of automatic controls for feeding, watering, temperature and humidity. Control sheds have higher costs but allow for automatic control of various systems to improve growth rates, feed conversion ratios and farmer satisfaction levels. The document then outlines the various stages of broiler production from shed preparation to catching and sale.
This document provides information and tips on backyard bird biosecurity. It discusses how to prevent the spread of diseases to backyard birds through contaminated hands, feet, equipment or other birds. It lists basic biosecurity rules like restricting access to birds, keeping areas clean, and not sharing equipment. It also provides signs of infectious diseases and emphasizes the importance of reporting any sick birds. The goal of biosecurity is to create barriers that keep disease out and protect backyard birds.
Edible eggs can deteriorate quickly after laying if not stored properly. The key factors that affect egg quality are temperature, humidity, and handling. As eggs age, chemical and microbial changes occur. The air cell enlarges, the white thins and spreads out, and the yolk shifts and flattens. Microorganisms like bacteria and mold can cause rotting. Proper storage below 4°C and 70-80% humidity helps maintain freshness. Eggs are graded based on interior and exterior quality standards.
Egg is a nutritious and inexpensive food that contains balanced amounts of essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It provides high-quality protein and is an excellent source of various vitamins and minerals. The major components of an egg are albumen (egg white) and yolk. Albumen contains over half of the egg's protein and various vitamins and minerals. The yolk contains all of the egg's fat and cholesterol but also provides various important vitamins. Eggs contain antioxidants and other compounds that may help reduce the risk of diseases. Overall, eggs are a healthy and affordable food choice that provides many important nutrients.
This document contains data from the 2008 Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS) for North Dakota. It includes information on the racial, age, and income distributions of children under 5. It also includes data on program participation, migrant status, birthweight trends, prevalence of short stature, underweight, overweight, anemia, breastfeeding rates, and television viewing among this group. Graphics compare some of these metrics by region within North Dakota.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang biosecurity dan manajemen pembibitan ayam di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Unggas Fakultas Peternakan UNPAD. Dokumen menjelaskan tiga komponen biosecurity yaitu konseptual, struktural, dan operasional serta berbagai persiapan dan prosedur untuk memastikan kesehatan dan kesuburan ayam bibit.
Oral immunotherapy using egg powder was studied to induce desensitization in children with egg allergy. Children received daily increasing doses of egg powder or placebo for 10 months, then continued maintenance dosing. At 10 months, 67% of those receiving egg powder passed an oral food challenge compared to 2% of placebo. At 22 months, 51% passed without symptoms. Levels of egg-specific IgG4 after 10 months predicted response. Oral immunotherapy shows promise as a treatment for egg allergy but further research is still needed.
This document discusses Salmonella in poultry, including:
- Historical Salmonella outbreaks dating back to ancient times and figures like Alexander the Great and Prince Albert.
- More recent outbreaks in the 20th century linked to wars and unsanitary conditions.
- The story of Typhoid Mary, the first known healthy carrier of Salmonella in the US.
- Facts about how Salmonella can be transmitted vertically from breeders to eggs and horizontally between flocks, hatcheries, and facilities.
- Young chicks are very susceptible to early Salmonella infections due to immature immune systems.
- Rodents and improper sanitation of coops and facilities enables ongoing Salmonella transmission.
Newcastle Disease is caused by a virus that affects many bird species and can cause severe economic losses, with clinical signs ranging from mild to severe depending on the strain, and it can be prevented through vaccination, biosecurity measures, and prompt reporting and control of outbreaks.
This document discusses the importance of biosecurity in primary poultry breeders. It outlines that diseases can cause significant production losses and costs, so prevention through biosecurity is crucial. It describes the industry structure from genetic improvement to broilers and consumers. The focus of prevention in primary breeding is on vertical disease transmission. Potential disease sources include other poultry/livestock, feed, housing, people, rodents, wild birds, and equipment. Components of biosecurity discussed include physical barriers, vaccines, pharmaceutical controls, feed/water safety, rodent prevention, and monitoring. Strict protocols around people, clothing, footwear and vehicle movement are emphasized to control disease spread.
The document discusses biosecurity measures for poultry production. It defines biosecurity, lists its objectives of preventing disease entry and spread, and describes benefits like reduced costs and improved health. It also outlines classifications of poultry production systems from minimal to high biosecurity, how diseases spread, and key biosecurity practices like controlling access, cleaning/disinfection, and pest control.
Canadian code of practice for the care and handling of poultry Harm Kiezebrink
There is an increasing awareness that currently accepted moral standards of our society call for the prevention of any avoidable suffering. Domestication and artificial selection have made farm animals dependent on humans.
Consequently, according to the existing principles of ethics, humans must accept this dependence as a commitment for humane conduct toward domestic animals in all stages of their life.
Welfare codes like this Canadian Code of Practice are intended to encourage livestock producers, stock-keepers, handlers, transporters, and processors to adopt the highest standards of animal husbandry and handling.
The document compares the standards of Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) and Certified Organic Associations of British Columbia (COABC) for poultry welfare. HFAC has more detailed standards around housing requirements like space allowance, lighting conditions and ammonia levels. COABC focuses more on access to outdoors and prohibiting synthetic substances. Farmers need to comply with both sets of standards to be certified under both programs. HFAC conducts more frequent inspections to ensure all stages of animal growth meet welfare standards while COABC emphasizes sustainable and natural production methods.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesGardening
This document provides guidance on organic poultry production standards in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. It summarizes requirements for housing and living conditions including outdoor access, health practices using preventative care and natural treatments, feed standards for certified organic feed, and processing standards for organic meat and eggs. The goal of organic poultry production is to support bird health and welfare through humane living conditions while avoiding synthetic chemicals and following strict standards for an organic certification.
Presentation by Dr IDK Atokple, CSIR Savannah Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
An expert presented on key changes to China's new Food Safety Law and implications for imported foods:
1) Authority over food safety has been consolidated under the National Health and Family Planning Commission, with stricter standards, fines, and penalties for non-compliance.
2) Imported foods must meet national food safety standards and be accompanied by inspection certificates, with importers responsible for verifying exporters' compliance. Recalls are now required if imported foods are found to be non-compliant.
3) For foods without Chinese standards, importers must register alternative standards and China may develop its own. Importers must also keep detailed records and maintain good credit to avoid import restrictions.
This document summarizes research on using biological control to reduce aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts and maize in Africa. It finds that aflasafe, a product made from atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains, significantly reduces aflatoxin levels at harvest and in storage in multiple countries. Pilot projects in Nigeria, Senegal, and Kenya show over 80% reduction on average. Scaling up production and an integrated approach including awareness, policies, markets and trade are needed for wider impact. Efforts are underway to develop manufacturing and commercialize biocontrol as part of a sustainable solution to aflatoxins in Africa.
VS FMD Strategy - Beth Lautner, DVM MS, USDA, APHIS, VS, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
This document discusses hatchery design and technology standards. It notes that modern hatcheries are expected to meet higher standards around preventing disease spread, improving efficiency, meeting animal welfare requirements, and optimizing incubation conditions for performance. Key factors in hatchery design include layout, airflow, sanitation procedures, incubation equipment tailored to current high-yield genetics, automation, and addressing food safety, welfare and labor concerns. The optimal design considers the unique needs of the embryo at each stage of incubation to maximize chick quality and yield.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
The document discusses the Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS) role in ensuring the humane handling of livestock during slaughter. It oversees inspection at 6,200 plants annually and issues citations when it finds violations of humane handling regulations. In 2011, FSIS suspended 68 livestock slaughter operations for egregious inhumane handling violations. It also works to enforce humane standards at poultry slaughter plants through directives establishing good commercial practices.
China has passed a new, stricter Food Safety Law in 2015. Key changes include:
- Stricter penalties for violations, including revoking certificates and banning imports.
- Imported foods must meet Chinese standards and be accompanied by inspection certificates. Importers must verify exporters' compliance.
- Authorities have increased supervision of imported foods in the domestic market and cooperation between agencies.
- Exporters, agents, importers and overseas producers must register with authorities. Those providing false information can be removed from registration lists.
This document provides information on broiler farming at a commercial level. It discusses the differences between open shed and control shed systems. Open sheds have lower construction and running costs but lower production satisfaction due to the lack of automatic controls for feeding, watering, temperature and humidity. Control sheds have higher costs but allow for automatic control of various systems to improve growth rates, feed conversion ratios and farmer satisfaction levels. The document then outlines the various stages of broiler production from shed preparation to catching and sale.
This document provides information and tips on backyard bird biosecurity. It discusses how to prevent the spread of diseases to backyard birds through contaminated hands, feet, equipment or other birds. It lists basic biosecurity rules like restricting access to birds, keeping areas clean, and not sharing equipment. It also provides signs of infectious diseases and emphasizes the importance of reporting any sick birds. The goal of biosecurity is to create barriers that keep disease out and protect backyard birds.
Edible eggs can deteriorate quickly after laying if not stored properly. The key factors that affect egg quality are temperature, humidity, and handling. As eggs age, chemical and microbial changes occur. The air cell enlarges, the white thins and spreads out, and the yolk shifts and flattens. Microorganisms like bacteria and mold can cause rotting. Proper storage below 4°C and 70-80% humidity helps maintain freshness. Eggs are graded based on interior and exterior quality standards.
Egg is a nutritious and inexpensive food that contains balanced amounts of essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It provides high-quality protein and is an excellent source of various vitamins and minerals. The major components of an egg are albumen (egg white) and yolk. Albumen contains over half of the egg's protein and various vitamins and minerals. The yolk contains all of the egg's fat and cholesterol but also provides various important vitamins. Eggs contain antioxidants and other compounds that may help reduce the risk of diseases. Overall, eggs are a healthy and affordable food choice that provides many important nutrients.
This document contains data from the 2008 Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS) for North Dakota. It includes information on the racial, age, and income distributions of children under 5. It also includes data on program participation, migrant status, birthweight trends, prevalence of short stature, underweight, overweight, anemia, breastfeeding rates, and television viewing among this group. Graphics compare some of these metrics by region within North Dakota.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang biosecurity dan manajemen pembibitan ayam di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Unggas Fakultas Peternakan UNPAD. Dokumen menjelaskan tiga komponen biosecurity yaitu konseptual, struktural, dan operasional serta berbagai persiapan dan prosedur untuk memastikan kesehatan dan kesuburan ayam bibit.
Oral immunotherapy using egg powder was studied to induce desensitization in children with egg allergy. Children received daily increasing doses of egg powder or placebo for 10 months, then continued maintenance dosing. At 10 months, 67% of those receiving egg powder passed an oral food challenge compared to 2% of placebo. At 22 months, 51% passed without symptoms. Levels of egg-specific IgG4 after 10 months predicted response. Oral immunotherapy shows promise as a treatment for egg allergy but further research is still needed.
This document discusses Salmonella in poultry, including:
- Historical Salmonella outbreaks dating back to ancient times and figures like Alexander the Great and Prince Albert.
- More recent outbreaks in the 20th century linked to wars and unsanitary conditions.
- The story of Typhoid Mary, the first known healthy carrier of Salmonella in the US.
- Facts about how Salmonella can be transmitted vertically from breeders to eggs and horizontally between flocks, hatcheries, and facilities.
- Young chicks are very susceptible to early Salmonella infections due to immature immune systems.
- Rodents and improper sanitation of coops and facilities enables ongoing Salmonella transmission.
Newcastle Disease is caused by a virus that affects many bird species and can cause severe economic losses, with clinical signs ranging from mild to severe depending on the strain, and it can be prevented through vaccination, biosecurity measures, and prompt reporting and control of outbreaks.
This document discusses the importance of biosecurity in primary poultry breeders. It outlines that diseases can cause significant production losses and costs, so prevention through biosecurity is crucial. It describes the industry structure from genetic improvement to broilers and consumers. The focus of prevention in primary breeding is on vertical disease transmission. Potential disease sources include other poultry/livestock, feed, housing, people, rodents, wild birds, and equipment. Components of biosecurity discussed include physical barriers, vaccines, pharmaceutical controls, feed/water safety, rodent prevention, and monitoring. Strict protocols around people, clothing, footwear and vehicle movement are emphasized to control disease spread.
The document discusses biosecurity measures for poultry production. It defines biosecurity, lists its objectives of preventing disease entry and spread, and describes benefits like reduced costs and improved health. It also outlines classifications of poultry production systems from minimal to high biosecurity, how diseases spread, and key biosecurity practices like controlling access, cleaning/disinfection, and pest control.
Canadian code of practice for the care and handling of poultry Harm Kiezebrink
There is an increasing awareness that currently accepted moral standards of our society call for the prevention of any avoidable suffering. Domestication and artificial selection have made farm animals dependent on humans.
Consequently, according to the existing principles of ethics, humans must accept this dependence as a commitment for humane conduct toward domestic animals in all stages of their life.
Welfare codes like this Canadian Code of Practice are intended to encourage livestock producers, stock-keepers, handlers, transporters, and processors to adopt the highest standards of animal husbandry and handling.
The document compares the standards of Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) and Certified Organic Associations of British Columbia (COABC) for poultry welfare. HFAC has more detailed standards around housing requirements like space allowance, lighting conditions and ammonia levels. COABC focuses more on access to outdoors and prohibiting synthetic substances. Farmers need to comply with both sets of standards to be certified under both programs. HFAC conducts more frequent inspections to ensure all stages of animal growth meet welfare standards while COABC emphasizes sustainable and natural production methods.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesGardening
This document provides guidance on organic poultry production standards in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. It summarizes requirements for housing and living conditions including outdoor access, health practices using preventative care and natural treatments, feed standards for certified organic feed, and processing standards for organic meat and eggs. The goal of organic poultry production is to support bird health and welfare through humane living conditions while avoiding synthetic chemicals and following strict standards for an organic certification.
Dr. Eric Gingerich - Industry Perspective of the FDA Rule for Salmonella ente...John Blue
Industry Perspective of the FDA Rule for Salmonella enteritidis (SE) Monitoring - Dr. Eric Gingerich, Poultry Technical Services Specialist, Diamond V, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
This document provides guidance on organic poultry production for meat. It covers key topics such as feeding organic poultry, breeds suitable for organic systems, brooding young chicks, and growing and processing birds. Specific guidance is given on temperature requirements for brooding chicks, moving birds out to range housing, and disease management throughout growth and processing. Financial considerations are also discussed.
Antibiotic Residues In Milk, Risk For Consumers And ProcessorsFrancois Stepman
This document discusses antibiotic use in milk production and the risks of antibiotic residues. It notes that antibiotic treatment of dairy cows requires a withdrawal period to ensure milk does not contain residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by legislation. The presence of residues can pose health risks to consumers and processing issues. The document recommends good farm practices like record keeping of treatments, clear cow identification, and milk discard protocols to avoid mixing contaminated milk. It also discusses antibiotic residue testing that can be done on farm and by dairies to check for residues.
Antibiotic Update - Dr. Dave Pyburn, National Pork Board, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
The document discusses various laws governing quality and safety standards for livestock products in India to meet international standards. It outlines several key acts and regulatory bodies that oversee food standards and safety in India, including the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, the Meat Food Products Order, the Milk and Milk Products Order, AGMARK, and the Bureau of Indian Standards. The objectives of these acts and regulatory bodies are to ensure safety, quality, and proper labeling of food products in India according to domestic laws and international standards.
The document outlines India's regulatory framework for transgenic crops. It discusses the various guidelines and committees involved in regulating genetic engineering experiments and ensuring biosafety. The key committees mentioned are the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM), Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC), State Biotechnology Co-ordination Committee (SBCC), and District Level Committee (DLC). Experiments involving genetic modification are classified into three categories based on risk level and require approval from the appropriate committees.
This document provides guidelines for managing Cobb Avian 48 grandparent breeders. It discusses preparing facilities before chick arrival, planning chick placement including stocking densities and equipment setup. It also covers chick placement procedures, brooding methods including temperature profiles, and lighting recommendations. The guidelines are intended to help attain genetic potential and consistent flock production through implementing a good management program.
Layer breeder management by Dr.Nikhil NalabaleNiksreddy1
This document provides an overview of layer breeder management. It discusses breeding objectives such as egg production, disease resistance, and reproductive efficiency. It also covers housing and environmental considerations, nutrition management, health management, and reproductive management for layer breeders. The goal of layer breeder management is to selectively breed laying hens that produce high-quality eggs efficiently through specialized rearing and breeding practices.
I gave this presentation at Pace Law School on March 13, 2013. The recording is available for purchase from Pace Law School's CLE program. I touch upon several areas affecting the local food movement including cottage food operation law (or home processed food), on farm poultry slaughter regulations (including Article 5-A licenses), land use and zoning regulations including urban agriculture and the Right-to-Farm law, "compensated" volunteer farm labor, and a few miscellaneous topics including estate and succession planning for farms, farm leases, and food safety. I end my presentation with a few practical pointers for attorneys and law students who would like to start their own food and agriculture law practice.
On Farm Food Safety with GAPs and FSMA
1) Foodborne illness affects millions of Americans each year, costing lives and billions of dollars. The Produce Safety Rule under FSMA aims to help prevent contamination of fresh produce to reduce foodborne illness. 2) GAPs (Good Agricultural Practices) are voluntary standards for farms to minimize risks of microbial, chemical, and physical hazards in fresh produce. The eight principles of GAPs include preventing contamination, following all laws, and maintaining records for accountability. 3) The Produce Safety Rule establishes science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables. It sets requirements for water, soil amendments, sprouts, animals,
This document discusses the importance of biosecurity in poultry production and outlines best practices for an effective biosecurity program. It emphasizes that biosecurity must be integrated into farm management from the beginning of the production process. The document then details specific biosecurity measures that should be implemented regarding farm location, access control, sanitation, pest control, food/water quality, house access, cleaning and disinfection, and validation of the overall program. Regular training, monitoring and audits are also recommended to ensure strict adherence to biosecurity protocols.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic poultry production requirements in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. Key requirements include providing outdoor access for birds, using only certified organic feed, and managing health through proactive practices and natural treatments instead of antibiotics. The document covers organic standards for living conditions and housing, health management, feed, processing, and recordkeeping. Organic poultry must be raised without cages and allowed outdoor access while being fed organic feed and treated using natural health methods rather than drugs or synthetic substances.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
Organic poultry production focuses on animal health and welfare through access to the outdoors, organic feed, and natural disease prevention. This publication discusses the requirements for organic poultry production under the USDA National Organic Program, including housing that allows outdoor access without cages, certified organic feed, no antibiotics or synthetic pesticides, and recordkeeping to track products. Requirements cover living conditions, health management, feed, processing, and documentation for certification.
A presentation by Eshan Dulloo at the European Plant Genetic Resources Conference 2011. The conference brought together global particpants interested in making greater use of the agricultural biodiversity conserved in genebanks.
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Dr. Pat Curtis - FDA's Salmonella Enteritidis Rule for Laying Chickens
1. Implications of the
Egg Safety Final Rule for
Prevention of SE in Shell Eggs
Patricia A. Curtis, Ph.D.
Interim Director
National Egg Processing Center
Auburn University
2. Final Rule
• Requires:
– preventive measures
during the production of
eggs in poultry houses
– subsequent refrigeration
during storage and
transportation
– producers to maintain
records related to
compliance
– registration with FDA
3. Who must comply?
• Requires that measures
designed to prevent
Salmonella Enteritidis be
adopted by virtually all egg
producers
• Exemptions:
– Producers with less than
3,000 laying hens
– Shell eggs that are
processed with a treatment,
such as pasteurization, to
ensure their safety
– Eggs to be broken and made
into egg products
4. Expected benefits of final rule…
• Expected to prevent
each year approximately
79,000 cases of
foodborne illness and 30
deaths caused by
consumption of eggs
contaminated with the
bacterium Salmonella
Enteritidis
5. Salmonellosis
• CDC estimates that there
are 38 cases of
salmonellosis for every
reported culture-
confirmed case
– Not all ill individuals seek
medical care
– Doctors don’t always
establish cause of illness
– No all illnesses are
reported
6. Salmonellosis
• Since 1995, Salmonella
enterica serotype Enteritidis
(SE) has been the second
most frequently reported
cause of Salmonella
infection.
• In 2008, SE was the leading
reported cause of Salmonella
infections accounting for
20.1% fall the Salmonella
isolates that were serotyped.
7. Why SE? Why Eggs?
• Healthy People 2010 goal of a
50% reduction from the 1997
baseline in both the number of
SE foodborne outbreaks and
the rate of isolation in the
population of foodborne
Salmonella infections.
• Shell eggs are the
predominant source of SE-
related cases of salmonellosis
in the US where a food vehicle
is identified.
8. FDA response to measures
previously enacted
“We believe egg quality assurance programs
(EQAPs), consumer and retailer education, and
Federal Regulations requiring egg refrigeration
have contributed to the decrease in SE illnesses
since the mid-1990s, but that further reductions
in SE illnesses and foodborne salmonellosis
cannot be accomplished without additional
Federal measures to address SE contamination
of shell eggs.”
9. SE Risk Assessment
“Estimated that of the 47 billion eggs
consumed annually as table eggs, 2.3
million* are SE-positive, exposing a large
number of people to the risk of illness.”
(*This figure was based on data compiled from 1991 to 1995.)
10. Final Rule
1. Persons who produce shell eggs from a
farm operating with 3,000 or more laying
hens, unless that farm sells all of its eggs
directly to consumers or does not
produce shell eggs for the table market,
are subject to this final rule.
21 CFR 118.1(a)
11. Final Rule
2. Shell egg producers need only comply
with refrigeration and registration
requirements if all of their shell eggs from
a particular farm receive a treatment as
defined in the final rule.
21 CFR 118.1(a)(2)
12. Definition in Final Rule
• Treatment
– A technology or process that achieves at least
a 5-log destruction of SE for shell eggs, or the
processing of egg products in accordance
with the Egg Products Inspection Act
FSIS intends to issue proposed rules in the near future for egg
products plants and egg handlers, including egg handlers who
operate in-shell pasteurization treatments.
13. Final Rule
3. Persons who transport or hold shell eggs
for shell egg processing or egg products
facilities are required to comply with the
refrigeration requirements of this final
rule.
21 CFR 118.1(b)
14. Final Rule
4. Shell egg producers are required to use
the following SE prevention measures:
Have and implement a written SE prevention
plan that includes all mandatory SE
prevention measures (21 CFR 118.4)
Procure pullets that are SE-monitored, or
raise pullets under SE-monitored conditions
(21 CFR 118.4(a)
15. Changes in Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• Shell egg producers must document that
pullets were SE-monitored or raised under
SE-monitored conditions.
16. Changes in the Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• “SE monitored” has been defined to mean that pullets are
raised under SE control conditions that prevent SE including
the following:
1. Procurement of chicks from SE monitored breeder flocks
that meet NPIP’s standards for “US S. Enteritidis Clean”
status (9 CFR 145.23(d) or equivalent standard
2. Environmental testing
3. Cleaning and disinfection of the environment as needed
based upon the results of the environmental testing.
17. FDA Comments
• Environmental testing is required of pullets at 14 to
16 weeks of age and cleaning and disinfection of
the pullet environment is required if the
environment tests positive.
• If the environmental test is positive for SE,
producers must begin egg testing within 2 weeks
of the start of egg laying.
• FDA does not require testing of birds used to
backfill.
18. Final Rule
Use a biosecurity program, meaning a
program that includes
limiting visitors on the farm and in poultry houses
Maintaining personnel and equipment practices that
will protect against cross-contamination from one
poultry house to another
Preventing stray poultry, wild birds, cats, and other
animals from entering poultry houses
Prohibiting employees from keeping birds at home
21 CFR 118.4(b)
19. Changes in the Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• The requirements for protective clothing
and sanitizing stations have been removed
from biosecurity program requirements.
• The requirement for “wet clean the positive
poultry house” has been removed.
20. Final Rule Definition
• Poultry House
– For structures comprising more than one
section containing poultry, each section that is
separated from other sections is considered a
separate house.
21. Future Plans
• FDA plans to make further specific
recommendations for biosecurity steps
and options for achieving these steps,
based on current science and best
practices, in a guidance that they plan to
issue subsequent to this final rule.
Page 33038 Federal Register in Final Rule
22. Final Rule
Use a program to control rodents, flies
and other pests that includes monitoring
for pest activity and removing debris and
vegetation that may provide harborage for
pests.
21 CFR 118.4(c)
23. FDA Comments
• FDA intends to publish guidance on the
requirement to monitor flies and on the
level of fly activity considered acceptable.
– This rule establishes minimum national standards
based on measures that have been shown to prevent
SE.
– The literature suggests that 50 or fewer hits on a spot
card or sticky trap per week or a count of less than 20
on a Scudder grill indicate satisfactory fly control.
24. Final Rule
Clean and disinfect poultry houses before
new laying hens are added if an
environmental or egg test was positive for
SE during the life of the flock
Cleaning and disinfecting must include removing all
visible manure, dry cleaning to remove dust, feathers
and old feed and disinfecting
21 CFR 118.4(d)
25. Future Plans
• FDA plans to publish guidance on
acceptable manure removal subsequent to
this final rule.
26. Final Rule
Shell eggs being held or transported are
required to be refrigerated at or below
45°F ambient temperature beginning 36
hours after time of lay.
21 CFR 118.4(e)
27. Changes in Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• Egg processors are now permitted to
equilibrate refrigerated eggs to room
temperature just prior to processing.
– Specifically, shell eggs that have been
refrigerated may be held at room temperature
for no more than 36 hours just prior to
processing to temper them.
28. Final Rule
Shell egg producers must conduct
environmental testing for SE when laying
hens are 40 to 45 weeks of age and 4 to 6
weeks after molt. (21 CFR 118.5)
29. Changes in Final Rules as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• The required time period to perform environmental
testing after a molt has been changed from 20
weeks to 4 to 6 weeks after molt.
• Specific sampling instructions have been
incorporated into the environmental testing
method, “Environmental Sampling and Detection
of Salmonella in Poultry Houses.”
– http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/Lab
oratoryMethods/ucm114716.htm
30. Final Rule
Shell egg producers must conduct egg
testing for SE when an environmental test
is positive for SE.
21 CFR 118.6
31. Changes in Final Rules as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• The requirement to begin egg testing within 24 hours after
notification of a positive environmental test has been
changed to require that results of egg testing be obtained
within 10 calendar days after receiving notification of the
positive environmental sample.
• Eggs from a flock in a house that has tested
environmentally positive for SE may continue to be
marketed as table eggs until the producer is notified that an
egg test is determined positive for SE. At that point, the
producer must divert those eggs to treatment.
32. Egg Sampling
• The rule requires that egg producers
collect and deliver for testing a minimum of
1,000 intact eggs representative of a day’s
production four times at 2-week intervals,
resulting in a total test of 4,000 eggs over
an 8-week period.
33. Diversion Requirement
• Under the rule, diversion is required under
the following 3 scenarios:
1. When the environment tests positive for SE, and the
producer chooses not to test eggs from that house
to determine whether eggs are also positive,
2. When the eggs in a house test positive for SE; and
3. By order of an FDA, State or local representative
after a finding that shell eggs have been produced
or held in violation of this regulation.
34. Changes in Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• Diverted eggs must have labeling on the
shipping container, and all documents
accompanying the shipment must state
“Federal law requires that these eggs must
be treated to achieve at least a 5-log
destruction of Salmonella Enteritidis or
processed as egg products in accordance
with the Egg Products Inspection Act.”
21 CFR 118.6(f)
35. Diverted Eggs
• Diverted eggs may be
– Sent to a breaker
– In-shell pasteurized
– Hard cooked
– Any alternative process that achieves at least
a 5-log reduction in SE
36. Records
• The final rule requires that each facility
establish and maintain records of plan
activities, including egg sampling.
• FDA will review these records to
determine whether sampling was
preformed appropriately.
37. Final Rule
Administration of the SE prevention
measures requires having one or more
supervisory personnel, who do not have to
be onsite employees, who are responsible
for ensuring compliance with each farm’s
SE prevention plan.
21 CFR 118.9
38. Changes in Final Rule as
Opposed to Proposed Rule
• The requirement that one onsite supervisor at each
farm be responsible for administration of the SE
prevention measures has been changed to allow for
more than one supervisor and for offsite supervisors to
be responsible.
• The rule requires this individual be trained.
– FDA plans to work with trade associations, State regulatory
officials, and academia/extension officials to develop and offer
training opportunities at venues that should satisfy the needs of
small, medium and large size facilities. The rule provides that
equivalent job experience can be substituted for training.
39. Final Rule
Shell egg producers must maintain a
written SE prevention plan and records
documenting compliance with the
requirements of the plan.
The written plan must set forth a producer’s plan to
implement the regulation’s prevention, testing, and
diversion measures.
40. Record Keeping Requirements
• The following records documenting SE
prevention measures must be kept:
1. Written SE prevention plan
2. Documentation that pullets were “SE monitored’ or were raised
under “SE monitored” conditions, including environmental
testing records for pullets
3. Records documenting compliance with the SE prevention
measures
4. Records of review and of modification of the SE prevention
plan and corrective actions taken
• FDA plans to issue guidance regarding the record
keeping requirement.
41. Final Rule
Shell egg producers must retain records
for 1 year after the flock to which they
pertain has been taken permanently out of
production. (21 CFR 118.10(c))
Shell egg producers must make records
available within 24 hours from the time of
receipt of the official request. (21 CFR 118.10(d))
42. Final Rule
Shell egg producers must register with
FDA.
21 CFR 118.11
43. Compliance Dates
• The compliance dates:
– Producers with 50,000 or more laying hens is
July 9, 2010.
– Producers with fewer than 50,000 but at least
3,000 laying hens is July 9, 2012.
– Persons who must comply only with
refrigeration requirements is July 9, 2010.
44. Enforcement
• FDA intends to conduct inspections of egg farms to ensure
that shell eggs are being produced under controls that will
prevent SE contamination and reduce the likelihood that SE –
contaminated eggs will cause foodborne illness.
• A State or locality may, in its own jurisdiction, enforce this rule
by carrying out inspections under 21 CFR 118.12(b) and by
using the administrative remedies in 21 CFR 118.12(a) unless
FDA notifies them in writing that its assistance is no longer
needed.
• FDA plans to provide guidance to States and localities
through an enforcement and implementation guidance
subsequent to the final rule.
45. FDA Comments within Rule
• FDA supports voluntary vaccination of layers as
an addition SE prevention measure.
• FDA did not have adequate evidence to support
including a prohibition on induced molting.
• FDA intends to provide guidance on record
keeping and other provisions of the rule,
including small entity compliance guidance.
46. Public Hearings on Egg Final Rule
• FDA will held two public meetings to explain the
requirements of the final rule for prevention of
Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs during production,
storage and transportation.
– September 30, 2009
• 1-5 p.m. at the Hyatt Regency Chicago, 151 East Wacker Drive,
Chicago, Ill., 60601.
– November 5 , 2009
• 1-5 p.m. at the Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel, 210 Peachtree
Street, N.W., Atlanta, Ga., 30303.