Doordarshan is India's public service broadcaster and one of the largest in India in terms of studio and transmitter infrastructure. It began broadcasting in 1959 and has grown to include 1500 transmitters and 70 production centers across the country. The document discusses the components and functions of a television studio, including cameras, lighting, microphones, vision mixers, audio consoles, and more. It also describes the earth station, which is crucial for broadcasting signals via satellite, and details the parameters of Raipur's earth station. Finally, it discusses television transmitters and the different types (VLPT, LPT, HPT), noting that Raipur's 10 kW HPT can cover an area of 90-110 km.

1. BIPUL KUMAR GUPTA
E.T.&T.
RCET RAIPUR
AT DOORDARSHAN KENDRA
(D.D.K.) RAIPUR
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
REPORT

2. OVER VIEW
INTRODUCTION
TV STUDIO EARTH STATION
TRANSMISSION

3. Doordarshan is an Indian public service
broadcaster, a division of prasar bharati. It
is one of the largest broadcasting
organizations in India in terms of
the studio and transmitter infrastructure.
Recently, it has also started broadcasting on
digital terrestrial transmitters. On 15
September 2009, Doordarshan celebrated its
50th anniversary.
INTRODUCTION OF DOORDARSHAN

4. .
 Largest broadcasting organization
 1st service started on 15th sep,1959
 Doordarshan = distant + show.
 Broadcasting started in India in the year 1923.
 AIR was formed in the year 1936.
 1st T.V Station was established in Delhi in 1959
 T.V was separated from AIR in 1976
 DD has 1500 Transmitters and 70 Production centers
across the Country.
 Broadcasting of DD Chhattisgarh started in the year
2002.
 T.V was separated from AIR in 1976

5. A television studio is an installation in which television or video productions take place.
T.V. STUDIO

6. This is also small studio for special programs

7. COMPONENTS OF TV STUDIO
 Camera
 Lighting
 Microphones
 Vision mixer and Audio consoles
 MSR
 VTR
 Post production and video effects
 Supporting services like AC, UPS

8. Camera- camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be stored directly, transmitted to another
location, or both. These images may be still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies.

9. Lighting .
LIGHTING UNIT WITH STAND
LIGHTING WITH UPER SUPPORT

11. Microphones- Microphones is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that
converts sound in air into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many
applications such as telephones.
,

12. Vision mixer and Audio consoles
A vision mixer (also called video switcher, video
mixer or production switcher) is a device used to
select between several different video sources and
in some cases mix video sources together and add
special effects.
It has many input sources such as cameras, VCR/
server, Graphics/Character Generators ,etc.
Out of these input, any source can be taken as
output.
Sources can be changed as cut to cut, dissolve,
wipe and other special effects.

13. AUDIO CONSOLES
THE AUDIO CONSOLES INCLUDES
1.AUDIO MIXING
2.AUDIO PATCH PANEL
3.AUDIO DISTRIBUTION AMP.
4.AUDIO MONITOR
5.OTHER AUDIO SOURCES LIKE CD
PLAYER ,USB PLAYER

14. TYPICAL VIDEO CHAIN
TYPICAL AUDIO CHAIN
DistributorVision Mixer LOGO
Generator
Earth station
through
Optical Fiber
Sources
DistributorAudio Console
Analog to
AES
Converter
Earth station
through
Optical Fiber
Sources
EARTH
STATION

15. MSR (MASTER SWITCHING ROOM)
 It is the heart of the studio.
 Most of the switching electronics
is kept e.g. camera base
stations, switcher main frame,
SPG, Satellite receivers, MW
link, DDA & most of the patch
panels.
 Signal is routed through MSR.
 Signal can be Monitored at
various stages

16. .
 Earth Station is a very important part of
satellite communication system for
broadcasting of signals.
 It is an uplink center from which the signals
are fed to Satellite for distribution in a
specified area covered by the Satellite.
 The signal is up-linked from the Earth
Station and received by many down link
centers in TV broad casting via PDA.
 Two Types: 1) Analog, 2) Digital
 Digital Earth Stations are widely used
because of various advantages over analog.
EARTH STATION
PDA (Parabolic
Dish Antenna)

17. TRANSMITTER, DIPLEXER AND SET-UP BOX SET IN THE EARTH STATION

18. .
.
Satellite
EARTH STATION
RECEIVER

19. STATION PARAMETER OF DDK RAIPUR
Earth Station site Doordarshan Kendra RAIPUR Shankar nagar
Site longitude 21.25 degree
Site latitude 81.67 degree
Satellite INSAT—4B
Location 93.5 degree east
Transponder C--2
Uplink Frequency 5987 MHz
Downlink Frequency 3762 MHz
Uplink polarization Vertical
Downlink polarization Horizontal
Bandwidth 6 MHz
Uplink Power in Watts 80 --- 100 Watts

20. Antennas
An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer designed to transmit or
receive electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert
electromagnetic waves into electrical currents and vice versa.
Electrical signal
Transmitting Antenna
Electromagnetic
wave
Receiving Antenna
Yagi
Antenna

21. TRANSMISSION- A television transmitter is a device which broadcasts
an electromagnetic signal to the television receivers
Television transmitters may be analog or digital.
TRANSMISSION
Types of Transmitters
(1)VLPT’s (2)LPT’s (3)HPT’s
A 10 kW HPT of Raipur zone is situated at Shankar
nagar Raipur.
A 10 kW HPT is only 10-20% efficient.
It has beam width of 360 degree, hence can cover up
to 65 kms of area around it.
It has various other supporting units with it to maintain
the quality of s/g to be Txd. Like- Monitoring section,
blower section, amplification section

22. IN DOORDARSHAN SET UP WE HAVE DIFFERENT TRANSMITTER
AS PER THEIR RATED POWER AND COVERAGE AREA.
• VERY LOW POWER(VLPT)
 5—10 W 5—10 Kms
• LOW POWER(LPT)
 i) 100 W 15—30 Kms
 ii) 300 W 40 Kms
• HIGH POWER(HPT)
 i) 1KW 60 Kms
 ii) 10 KW 90—110 Kms
COVERAGE AREATRANSMITTER

23. COVERAGE AREA
OF DDK RAIPUR
In Raipur Doordarshan
Kendra having 10kw
HIGH POWER transmitter
(HPT) so its coverage
area is approximately
90-110kms.
10 KW 90—110 Kms

24. IN CHHATTISGARH HAVE 16 LPT AND 7 VLPT