DNA structure.pptx
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The document describes the structure of DNA. DNA consists of two strands coiled around each other in a double helix shape. Each strand is composed of nucleotides, which contain a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The bases on each strand bond with their complementary bases on the other strand through hydrogen bonds, with cytosine bonding to guanine via three hydrogen bonds and thymine bonding to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. This hydrogen bonding contributes to the specificity of base pairing in DNA.
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1. DNA is made up of deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine).
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This document provides an overview of DNA and RNA. It discusses the key differences between their structures. DNA has a double helix structure with deoxyribose sugar and binds with thymine. RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and binds with uracil instead of thymine. Both are made up of nucleotides containing a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base. The document also includes diagrams illustrating their structures and hydrogen bonding patterns. It poses questions to test understanding of the components and differences between DNA and RNA.
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DNA is a complex molecule found inside cells that contains all the genetic instructions needed to build an organism. It takes the form of a double helix, with two strands coiled around each other. Each strand is made up of repeating nucleotide bases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine that bond together in specific patterns between the strands. This nucleotide sequence encodes the unique traits of each organism. DNA is tightly packed into chromosomes inside the cell nucleus to allow many DNA molecules to fit in each cell.
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- How nucleotides bond together to form the backbone of nucleic acids, with alternating sugar and phosphate groups. The double helix structure of DNA is also described, with bases bonding via hydrogen bonds in the middle.
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This document provides information about DNA and RNA structure and function. It begins by listing learning objectives about nucleotides, RNA and DNA structure. It then explains that DNA carries genetic information, passes traits from generation to generation, and determines protein structure. DNA is made of nucleotides containing a pentose sugar, organic base, and phosphate group. The 4 DNA bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Mononucleotides are formed via condensation reactions and polynucleotides are long chains of many nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds. The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by Chargaff's findings on base pairing rules and hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. DNA is stable due to base pair hydrogen bonding
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- 2. • DeoxyriboNucliec Acid • 01
- 4. In chromosomes, DNA is tightly wound around Histone proteins and compactedly coiled and present in the cell nucleus. DNA consists of two strands that are coiled around one another, forming a double helix shape (B-form DNA).
- 5. ● Each strand of DNA is a polynucleotide chain that is composed of multiple nucleotides. ● Nucleotides consist of 3 main parts: ○ A phosphate group ○ A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) ○ A nitrogenous base • DNA structure
- 6. Although Nucleotides come together (join) through covalent bonds in the backbone, the two strands of DNA interact through non-covalent hydrogen bonds between the bases. Each base forms multiple hydrogen bonds with its complementary base on the opposite strand. Base pair
- 7. How can these non-covalent hydrgen bonds help us? This hydrogen bonding contributes to the specificity of base pairing. Cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds Thymine pairs with adenine through two hydrogen bonds
- 8. Have double rings (guanine and adenine) pyrimidines purines Characterized by their single structure (thymine and cytosine) -The geometry of the AT or TA and GC or CG bases pairs is the same. -Each turn of the helix measures approximately ten base pairs. -stacking of the bases stabilizes the double helix structure. NOTES:
- 9. Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thyamine 3 hydrogen bonds 2 hydrogen bonds Purines Pyrimidines
- 10. Pi-Pi interactions: they form in the aromatic rings of the bases stack next to eacth other and share electron probabilities. Major and minor grooves: Two repeating and alternating spaces formed by the regularity of helical shape. Major grooves: contains base pair specific information Minor grooves: contains base pair non-specific information
- 11. It’s the time for questions! : Q. What two parts of a nucleotide do not change throughout the structure of DNA? answer choices Five-Carbon Sugar and Nitrogen Base Phosphate Group and Nitrogen Base Five-Carbon Sugar and Phosphate Group All components remain the same throughout the DNA structure Q. Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond? answer choices polar bonds ionic bonds covalent bonds hydrogen bonds
- 12. Q. Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA? answer choices C-A, T-G A-G, C-T C-G, U-A T-A, G-C Q. Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? answer choices amino acids nucleotides fatty acids polysaccharides
- 13. Q.A five-carbon sugar found in DNA. answer choices ribose guanine deoxyribose Helicase Q. Pyrimidines are: Thymine and cytosine Thymine and adenine Adenine and guanine Guanine and cytosine