Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module II) Multimedia Technologies
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What are Graphics ?
Digital Image Concepts
Pixel
Resolution of Images
Resolution of Devices
Color Depth
Color Palette
Dithering
Bitmap and Vector Graphics
Bitmap Graphics
Vector Graphics
Comparison
Graphics File Formats
Bit Map
Tagged Image File Format
Graphical Interchange Format
Join Picture Expert Group
Portable Network Graphics
Multi-image Network Graphics
Multimedia on Web
Animations
Rollovers
Animated GIF
Flash Files
Audio
Audio on Web Sites
Audio File Formats
MIDI
WAVE
MP3
AU
AIFF
Video
Video File Formats
AVI
ASF
MPEG
QuickTime
RealVideo
Copyrights of Web Content
Multimedia Technologies Introduction Subject
Multimedia Technology introduction - I created these slides for my students to teach CMP 383 Multimedia Technology at Jazan Community College , Jazan University
Multimedia Technologies Introduction Subject
Multimedia Technology introduction - I created these slides for my students to teach CMP 383 Multimedia Technology at Jazan Community College , Jazan University
Software for creating and displaying multimediaJess Matikainen
Click on 'get file' for the quality presentation. This is a continuation from 'HARDWARE FOR CREATING AND DISPLAYING MULTIMEDIA'. This powerpoint will draw into Presentation software, Application software, Authoring software, Animation software, Web browsers and HTML editors. Once again, this is for a school assignment and any comment is appreciated.
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module V) Programming with JavaScript
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to JavaScript
What JavaScript Can Do?
Script tag in HTML
Noscript tag in HTML
Your First JavaScript Program
JavaScript Placement in HTML File
JavaScript Syntax
JavaScript Data Types
JavaScript Variables
JavaScript Identifiers
Arithmetic Operators
String Concatenation Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
If Statement
If… Else Statement
If… Else if… Else Statement
Switch Statement
The ? Operator
While Loop
Do While Loop
For Loop
For…in Loop
break Statement
continue Statement
Arrays
Functions
JavaScript Objects
JavaScript Scope
Strings
Regular Expressions
JavaScript Numbers
Math Object
Date and Time
JavaScript Events
Dialog Boxes
Error Handling in JavaScript
JavaScript Forms Validation
JavaScript HTML DOM
JavaScript BOM
DITEC - Expose yourself to Internet & E-mail (updated)Rasan Samarasinghe
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Information Technology - (Module V) Expose yourself to Internet & E-mail
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What is Internet?
Benefits of the Internet
History of the Internet
Facts about Internet…
What are the services on Internet?
What is WWW?
How to browse Internet?
Web Browser Software
Website/Page URL
What is Email?
Types of Email Accounts
Email Address
How to use Email?
Obtaining an Internet Connection
Types of Internet Connections
Security Concerns on Internet
Privacy on Internet
Software for creating and displaying multimediaJess Matikainen
Click on 'get file' for the quality presentation. This is a continuation from 'HARDWARE FOR CREATING AND DISPLAYING MULTIMEDIA'. This powerpoint will draw into Presentation software, Application software, Authoring software, Animation software, Web browsers and HTML editors. Once again, this is for a school assignment and any comment is appreciated.
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module V) Programming with JavaScript
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to JavaScript
What JavaScript Can Do?
Script tag in HTML
Noscript tag in HTML
Your First JavaScript Program
JavaScript Placement in HTML File
JavaScript Syntax
JavaScript Data Types
JavaScript Variables
JavaScript Identifiers
Arithmetic Operators
String Concatenation Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
If Statement
If… Else Statement
If… Else if… Else Statement
Switch Statement
The ? Operator
While Loop
Do While Loop
For Loop
For…in Loop
break Statement
continue Statement
Arrays
Functions
JavaScript Objects
JavaScript Scope
Strings
Regular Expressions
JavaScript Numbers
Math Object
Date and Time
JavaScript Events
Dialog Boxes
Error Handling in JavaScript
JavaScript Forms Validation
JavaScript HTML DOM
JavaScript BOM
DITEC - Expose yourself to Internet & E-mail (updated)Rasan Samarasinghe
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Information Technology - (Module V) Expose yourself to Internet & E-mail
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What is Internet?
Benefits of the Internet
History of the Internet
Facts about Internet…
What are the services on Internet?
What is WWW?
How to browse Internet?
Web Browser Software
Website/Page URL
What is Email?
Types of Email Accounts
Email Address
How to use Email?
Obtaining an Internet Connection
Types of Internet Connections
Security Concerns on Internet
Privacy on Internet
Based on chapter 2 of the textbook "Building Java Programs", 3rd edition. Covers primitive data types, variables, operators, ASCII values for chars, operator precedence, String concatenation, casting, for loops, nested for loops, and class constants.
See a video presentation of this slideshow on my YouTube channel JavaGoddess, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7SBkMY65gc&t=4s
Core Java Online training is Offering at Glory IT Technologies Pvt. Ltd. which is an object oriented programming language is classified into three basic level of programming viz. core java programming, specialized java programming & advanced Java programming. Among these first basic level is called basic or core Java programming language & is the first step of mastering Java language.
Final year M.E IEEE PROJECTS TITLES 2014-2015 Final year IEEE PROJECTS TITLES 2014-2015 Final year M.TECH IEEE PROJECTS TITLES 2014-2015 Final year B.E IEEE
Final year M.E, IEEE PROJECTS, TITLES, 2014-2015 Final year IEEE PROJECTS, TITLES 2014-2015, Final year M.TECH IEEE PROJECTS TITLES, 2014-2015 Final, year B.E, ieee project,
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module IX) Using Extensions and Image Manipulation
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Image Manipulation with PHP
GD Library
ImageCreate()
ImageColorAllocate()
Drawing shapes and lines
imageellipse()
imagearc()
imagepolygon()
imagerectangle()
imageline()
Creating a new image
Using a Color Fill
imagefilledellipse()
imagefilledarc()
imagefilledpolygon()
imagefilledrectangle()
Basic Pie Chart
3D Pie Chart
Modifying Existing Images
imagecreatefrompng()
imagecolortransparent()
imagecopymerge()
Creating a new image…
Stacking images…
Imagestring()
Draw a string
Std 11 Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia (Part 2)Nuzhat Memon
Std 11 Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia (Part 2) by Nuzhat Memon
Audio in Multimedia
Audio Recording Application
Audio Format (midi, ram wav, wma, mp3)
Image in Multimedia
Two types of image file
bitmap/raster images
vector images
Image formats (bmp, gif, png, jpg/jpeg, psd, tiff)
Video and Animation
Classification of Animation (2d Animation and 3d Animation)
Video Recording Application
Video format (avi, wmv, mpeg, mov, ram, swf, mp4)
This slide gives a brief discussion of the multimedia. This is based on Anita Goel's Computers Fundamentals.
You can have a clear vision of the devices, video, audio and animations.
This presentation delivered for undergraduate students under the university relations programme of 99X Technology. This presentation covers basic concepts of Unified Modelling Language including some hands-on activities.
Advanced Web Development in PHP - Understanding REST APIRasan Samarasinghe
ESOFT Metro Campus - Advanced Web Development in PHP - (Module VIII) Understanding REST API
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Resources: codeofaninja.com
Contents:
What is an API?
Comparing a website to an API
Classification of APIs
What is REST API?
What model does REST use?
REST HTTP Methods
HTTP Codes
The advantages of REST
What is CRUD?
CRUD Operations
CRUD Application Example
Simple REST API Implementation in PHP
Web root Folders and Files Structure
MySQL Database
Reading all Products
Reading one Product
Creating a Product
Updating a Product
Deleting a Product
Searching a Product
Advanced Web Development in PHP - Understanding Project Development Methodolo...Rasan Samarasinghe
ESOFT Metro Campus - Advanced Web Development in PHP - (Module II) Understanding Project Development Methodologies (Scrum and Kanban)
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Image courtesy: Axosoft
Contents:
Agile Software Development
Agile Manifesto
Customer’s Bill of Rights
Project Team’s Bill of Rights
What is Scrum?
Scrum Timeline
Team Roles in Scrum
Product Backlog
User Story
Release Backlog
Time Estimation
Time Estimation Techniques
Sprint Backlog
Burndown Charts
Daily Standups
Sprint Retrospectives
Kanban
Kanban Board
Kanban WIP Limits
Scrum + Kanban
Advanced Web Development in PHP - Code Versioning and Branching with GitRasan Samarasinghe
ESOFT Metro Campus - Advanced Web Development in PHP - (Module III) Code Versioning and Branching with Git
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to Git
What is Version Controlling?
What is Distributed Version Controlling?
Why Use a Version Control System?
Downloading and Installing Git
Git Life Cycle
Init command
Clone Command
Config Command
Add Command
Commit Command
Status Command
Log Command
Diff Command
Revert Command
Reset Command
Clean Command
Commit --amend Command
Rebase Command
Reflog Command
Branch Command
Checkout Command
Merge Command
Remote Command
Fetch Command
Pull Command
Push Command
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module II) Multimedia Technologies
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What is a Database?
The Relational Data Model
Relationships
Normalization
Functional Dependency
Normal Forms
DBMS
What is MySQL?
PHP Connect to MySQL
Create a MySQL Database
Connect to Database
Close Database
Create a MySQL Table
Insert Data Into MySQL
Get Last ID
Insert Multiple Records
Prepared Statements
Select Data From MySQL
Update Data in MySQL
Delete Data From MySQL
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module VIII) Multimedia Technologies
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
include and require Statements
include and require
include_once Statement
Validating Files
file_exists() function
is_dir() function
is_readable() function
is_writable() function
is_executable() function
filesize() function
filemtime() function
filectime() function
fileatime() function
Creating and deleting files
touch() function
unlink() function
File reading, writing and appending
Open File - fopen()
Close File - fclose()
Read File - fread()
Read Single Line - fgets()
Check End-Of-File - feof()
Read Single Character - fgetc()
Seek File - fseek()
Write File - fwrite()
Write File - fputs()
Lock File - flock()
Working with Directories
Create directory - mkdir()
Remove directory - rmdir()
Open directory - opendir()
Read directory - readdir()
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module VII) Advanced PHP Concepts
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Arrays
Indexed Arrays
Associative Arrays
Multidimensional arrays
Array Functions
PHP Objects and Classes
Creating an Object
Properties of Objects
Object Methods
Constructors
Inheritance
Method overriding
PHP Strings
printf() Function
String Functions
PHP Date/Time Functions
time() Function
getdate() Function
date() Function
mktime() function
checkdate() function
PHP Form Handling
Collecting form data with PHP
GET vs POST
Data validation against malicious code
Required fields validation
Validating an E-mail address
PHP mail() Function
Using header() function to redirect user
File Upload
Processing the uploaded file
Check if File Already Exists
Limit File Size
Limit File Type
Check if image file is an actual image
Uploading File
Cookies
Sessions
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module VI) Fundamentals of PHP
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to PHP
What PHP Can Do?
PHP Environment Setup
What a PHP File is?
PHP Syntax
Comments in PHP
echo and print Statements
PHP Variables
PHP Data Types
Changing Type by settype()
Changing Type by Casting
PHP Constants
Arithmetic Operators
String Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Operators Precedence
If Statement
If… Else Statement
If… Else if… Else Statement
Switch Statement
The ? Operator
While Loop
Do While Loop
For Loop
break Statement
continue Statement
Functions
User Defined Functions
Functions - Returning values
Default Argument Value
Arguments as Reference
Existence of Functions
Variable Local and Global Scope
The global Keyword
GLOBALS Array
Superglobals
Static Variables
Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module III) Coding HTML for Basic Web Designing
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to HTML
HTML Versions
HTML Standards
Creating a Simple HTML Document
Document Type Declaration
Comments in HTML
HTML Attributes
Paragraphs
Line Break
Headings
Text Formatting
Font Formatting
Images
Hyperlinks
Page Body
Lists
Tables
Cell Merging in a Table
Table Attributes
Horizontal Rule
Iframes
HTML Blocks
Division
Span
Audio
Video
Youtube Videos
Forms and Input
Introduction to CSS
Advantages of Using CSS
CSS Syntax
CSS Comments
How to Insert CSS?
CSS Tag, ID and Class Selectors
Grouping and Nesting Selectors
CSS Backgrounds
CSS Text
CSS Fonts
CSS Links
CSS Lists
CSS Tables
CSS Box Model
CSS Dimension
CSS Display - Block and Inline
CSS Positioning
CSS Float
CSS Alignment
Navigation Menu in CSS
Esoft Metro Campus - Programming with C++
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Overview of C++ Language
C++ Program Structure
C++ Basic Syntax
Primitive Built-in types in C++
Variable types
typedef Declarations
Enumerated Types
Variable Scope
Constants/Literals
Storage Classes
Operators
Control Constructs
Functions
Math Operations in C++
Arrays
Multi-dimensional Arrays
Strings
C++ Pointers
References
Date and Time
Structures
Basic Input / Output
Classes and Objects
Inheritance
Overloading
Polymorphism
Interfaces
Files and Streams
Exception Handling
Dynamic Memory
Namespaces
Templates
Preprocessor
Multithreading
Esoft Metro Campus - Certificate in c / c++ programmingRasan Samarasinghe
Esoft Metro Campus - Certificate in java basics
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Structure of a program
Variables & Data types
Constants
Operators
Basic Input/output
Control Structures
Functions
Arrays
Character Sequences
Pointers and Dynamic Memory
Unions
Other Data Types
Input/output with files
Searching
Sorting
Introduction to data structures
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module VII) Introduction to Project Management
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What is a Project?
History of the Project Management
Attributes of a Project
What is Project Management?
Why Project Management Important?
The Triple Constraints of a Project
Project Stakeholders
Performing Organizational Structures
Project Management Life Cycle
Project Management Processes
Nine Knowledge Areas
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communication Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module VI) Windows Based Application Development in Java
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to Java
Features of Java
What you can create by Java?
Start Java Programming
Creating First Java Program
Java Virtual Machine
Basic Rules to Remember
Keywords in Java
Comments in Java Programs
Printing Statements
Primitive Data Types in Java
Arithmetic Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
If Statement
If… Else Statement
If… Else if… Else Statement
Nested If Statement
While Loop
Do While Loop
For Loop
Reading User Input
Arrays
Two Dimensional Arrays
Strings
Objects and Classes
Java Classes
Java Objects
Methods with Return Value
Methods without Return Value
Constructors
Method Overloading
Variable Types
Inheritance
Method Overriding
Abstract Classes
Interfaces
Polymorphism
Packages
Access Modifiers
Encapsulation
Exceptions
JDBC
GUI Applications with Swing
NetBeans IDE
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module V) Windows Based Application Development in C#
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
Introduction to .NET Framework
.NET Framework Platform Architecture
Microsoft Visual Studio
C# Language
C#, VS and .NET Framework Versions
Your First C# Application
Printing Statements
Comments in C#
Common Type System
Value Types and Reference Type
Variables Declaration in C#
Type Conversion
Arithmetic Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
If Statement
If… Else Statement
If… Else if… Else Statement
Nested If Statement
Switch Statement
While Loop
Do While Loop
For Loop
Arrays
Accessing Arrays using foreach Loop
Two Dimensional Arrays
Classes and Objects in C#
Inheritance in C#
Partial Classes
Namespaces
Windows Forms Applications
Using Buttons, Labels and Text Boxes
Displaying Message Boxes
Error Handling with Try… Catch… finally…
Using Radio Buttons
Using Check Boxes
Using List Boxes
Creating Menus
Creating ToolStrips
MDI Forms
Database Application in C#
Creating a Simple Database Application
SQL Insert / Update / Retrieving / Delete
SQL Command Execute Methods
Data Sets
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
5. Pixel
In digital imaging a pixel is a single point in a
raster image or the smallest addressable
element in a display device.
6. Resolution of Images
Resolution is a term used to describe the
number of pixels, used to display an image.
More pixels are used to create the image, resulting in a sharp
and cleaner image.
7. Resolution of Devices
The Resolution term is most often used to
describe monitors and printers as well.
For monitors, the screen resolution signifies the
number of pixels on the entire screen.
8. Color Depth
Color depth also known as bit depth, is the
number of bits used to indicate the color of a
single pixel.
Ex: in 8-bit color mode,
uses 8 bits for each
pixel, making it possible
to display 256 different
colors or shades of gray.
9. Color Depth
1 bit (2 colors) 2 bits (4 colors)
4 bits (16 colors) 8 bits (256 colors)
12. Dithering
Dithering is creating the illusion of new colors
and shades by varying the pattern of dots.
Different shades
of gray are
produced by
varying the
patterns of black
and white dots.
There are no
gray dots at all.
Creating
purple color
with using
red and blue
pixels.
13. Dithering Illustrated
Original photo. note the smoothness in the detail.
Depth is reduced to a 16-color
palette, with no dithering.
Uses the 16-color palette,
with use of dithering.
15. Bitmap Graphics
Bitmap images (raster images) are made up of
pixels in a grid.
The value of each pixel is stored in bits of data.
16. Vector Graphics
Vector graphics are described using mathematical
definitions that define all the shapes in the image.
Vector graphics are based on lines and curves which
lead through control points.
17. Comparison Between Bitmap and Vector
Bitmap Graphics Vector Graphics
Become ragged when you shrink or
enlarge them
Look the same even when you scale
them to different sizes
Use less processing power than
vectors
Use more processing power than
bitmaps
Made up from pixels Made up from points, lines and
curves based on mathematical
expressions
Individual elements cannot be
grouped
Individual elements can be grouped
Created by using Paint Programs Created by using Drawing Programs
Take up more memory than vectors Take up less memory than bitmaps
18. Graphics File Formats
• Bit Map (BMP)
• Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
• Graphical Interchange Format (GIF)
• Join Picture Expert Group (JPEG)
• Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
• Multi-image Network Graphics (MNG)
19. Bit Map (BMP)
• The standard bit-mapped graphics
format used in the Windows
environment.
• Typically, BMP files are
uncompressed.
• Simple and has a wide acceptance
in Windows programs.
20. Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
• A flexible format for storing bitmap
images.
• Developed by Aldus Corporation (now
part of Adobe Software).
• The TIFF format is widely supported by
image-manipulation applications.
• Allows for a wide range of different
compression schemes and color spaces.
• TIFF has not had a major update since
1992.
21. Graphical Interchange Format (GIF)
• Introduced by CompuServe in 1987.
• Limited to 256 colors scheme.
• Suitable for graphics with few colors
such as simple diagrams, shapes,
logos and cartoon style images.
• Uses a lossless compression.
• The GIF format supports animation
(GIF89a).
• Supports with transparent
backgrounds.
22. Join Picture Expert Group (JPEG)
• A commonly used method of lossy
compression for digital images.
• Capable of much greater color depth (up
to 24 bits), and best suited for
photographs and complex graphics.
• The degree of compression can be
adjusted, allowing to compromise
between file size and image quality.
• JPEG 2000 is a new enhanced
compression standard without
compromising quality.
23. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
• A bitmap graphic file format
brings together best features
of GIF and JPEG.
• Supports lossless compression
and transparency like GIF.
• Supports high bit depth like
JPEG.
• Does not support animations.
24. Multi-image Network Graphics (MNG)
• MNG is an extension to PNG
published in 2001 that does
support animations.
• It supports image transparency
and better file compression
than GIF.
• MNG is still not widely
supported by web browsers.
25. Multimedia on Web
Multimedia is the integration of multiple form of
media such as text, graphics, audio, video, etc.
26. Animations
An animation is a simulation of movement
created by displaying a series of static images.
• Rollovers
• Animated GIF
• Flash Files
27. Rollovers
A Rollover is a section of a web page that is
raised when the user moves the pointer over a
particular area.
28. Animated GIF (GIF89a)
A type of GIF image that can be animated by
combining several images into a single GIF file
that are displayed in succession.
29. Flash Files
Flash is a vector based animation technology
created by software Adobe Flash. Flash
animations are browser independent and often
distributed in .swf file format.
30. Audio
• A term used to describe sound within the range of
hearing.
• The playback quality of any sound recording is depend
on the process and formats used to create it and
quality of the output on the users system.
31. Audio on Web Sites
Audio on web pages can be delivered in two distinct
ways.
1. Downloadable Audio
An audio file embedded in the webpage. Once the
audio file was downloaded by user it can be played.
2. Streaming Audio
The user does not need to wait download and hear
the audio. As soon as the connection made, a small
buffer created and audio file begins to play.
33. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
• A MIDI file contain data that control notes, pitch,
length, volume all the details so a music synthesizer or
audio card can decode it and make the right sounds.
• MIDI files are tiny, often 10K or less.
• There is no guarantee of exact tones when playing on
different devices.
34. WAVE (Waveform Audio Format)
• A Wave file is an audio file format, created by
Microsoft.
• They are generally kept as the first digital copy of a file
completely uncompressed.
• The WAV files are substantially larger in size.
35. MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
• MP3 uses lossy compression algorithm to remove all
superfluous data (The stuff the human ear doesn't hear
anyway) to represent audio.
• An MP3 file that is created using the setting of 128
kbit/s will result in a file that is about 1/11 the size of
the original file.
• An MP3 file can also be constructed at higher or lower
bit rates, with higher or lower resulting quality.
36. Au
• The Au file format is a simple audio file format
introduced by Sun Microsystems.
• Common format for sound files on UNIX machines.
• It is also the standard audio file format for the Java
programming language.
37. AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
• The format was developed by Apple Computer and is
the standard audio format for Macintosh computers.
• The AIFF format does not support data compression so
AIFF files tend to be large.
38. Video
Video is an electronic medium for the
recording, copying and broadcasting of moving
visual images.
Videos can be delivered on web in two distinct ways as
Downloading or Streaming.
40. AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
• AVI is a multimedia container format introduced by
Microsoft in 1992.
• AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file
container that allows synchronous audio with video
playback.
• AVI files are limited to 320 x 240 resolution, and 30
frames per second.
41. ASF (Advanced System Format)
• ASF is a Microsoft's proprietary digital audio/digital
video container format.
• Its main purpose is to serve as an universal format for
storing and streaming media.
42. MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
• Used for coding audiovisual information in a digital
compressed format.
• MPEG uses a type of lossy compression, since some
data is removed. But the diminishment of data is
generally imperceptible to the human eye.
• MPEG files are much smaller for the same quality.
43. QuickTime
• A video format developed by Apple that is used on the
internet and other desktop applications.
• QuickTime movie files comes with the extension .mov
or .qt
• To run QuickTime movies on windows, QuickTime
player is required.
44. RealVideo
• RealVideo is a video compression format developed by
RealNetworks.
• This format allowing streaming of video with low
bandwidths and quality is often reduced.
• Have the file extensions .rm or .ram
In digital imaging, a pixel, pel,[1] or picture element[2] is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.
Short for Picture Element, a pixel is a single point in a graphic image. Graphics monitors display pictures by dividing the display screen into thousands (or millions) of pixels, arranged in rows and columns. The pixels are so close together that they appear connected.
The number of bits used to represent each pixel determines how many colors or shades of gray can be displayed. For example, in 8-bit color mode, the color monitor uses 8 bits for each pixel, making it possible to display 2 to the 8th power (256) different colors or shades of gray.
Refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. The term is most often used to describe monitors, printers, and bit-mapped graphic images.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Basically, resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtenant.
For graphics monitors, the screen resolution signifies the number of dots (pixels) on the entire screen. For example, a 640-by-480 pixel screen is capable of displaying 640 distinct dots on each of 480 lines, or about 300,000 pixels. This translates into different dpi measurements depending on the size of the screen. For example, a 15-inch VGA monitor (640x480) displays about 50 dots per inch.
Resolution is the term used to describe the number of dots, or pixels, used to display an image.
Higher resolutions mean that more pixels are used to create the image, resulting in a crisper, cleaner image.
The display, or resolution on a monitor, is composed of thousands of pixels or dots. This display is indicated by a number combination, such as 800 x 600. This indicates that there are 800 dots horizontally across the monitor, by 600 lines of dots vertically, equaling 480,000 dots that make up the image you see on the screen.
The Resolution term is most often used to describe monitors and printers as well.
For monitors, the screen resolution signifies the number of pixels on the entire screen.
For example, a 640 x 480 pixel screen is capable of displaying 640 distinct dots on each of 480 lines, or about 300,000 pixels
The number of distinct colors that can be represented by a piece of hardware or software. Color depth is sometimes referred to as bit depth because it is directly related to the number of bits used for each pixel.
Color depth or colour depth (see spelling differences), also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel.
In computer graphics, a palette is either a given, finite set of colors for the management of digital images (that is, a color palette), or a small on-screen graphical element for choosing from a limited set of choices, not necessarily colors (such as a tools palette).
In computer graphics, a palette is the set of available colors. For a given application, the palette may be only a subset of all the colors that can be physically displayed. For example, a SVGA system can display 16 million unique colors, but a given program would use only 256 of them at a time if the display is in 256-color mode.
If you look closely, you can see that different shades of gray are produced by varying the patterns of black and white dots. There are no gray dots at all.
In computing, a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits, that is, values which are zero or one. It is also called a bit array or bitmap index.
Bitmap image downsampled from an Inkscape vectorial image
In computer graphics, when the domain is a rectangle (indexed by two coordinates), a bitmap gives a way to store a binary image, that is, an image in which each pixel is either black or white (or any two colors).
The more general term pixmap refers to a map of pixels, where each one may store more than two colors, thus using more than one bit per pixel. Often bitmap is used for this as well. In some contexts, the term bitmap implies one bit per pixel, while pixmap is used for images with multiple bits per pixel.[1][2]
A bitmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits. Now, along with pixmap, it commonly refers to the similar concept of a spatially mapped array of pixels. Raster images in general may be referred to as bitmaps or pixmaps, whether synthetic or photographic, in files or memory.
Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical expressions, to represent images in computer graphics. Vector graphics are based on vectors (also called paths, or strokes) which lead through locations called control points. Each of these points has a definite position on the x and y axes of the work plan. Each point, as well, is a variety of database, including the location of the point in the work space and the direction of the vector (which is what defines the direction of the track). Each track can be assigned a color, a shape, a thickness and also a fill.
The BMP file format (Windows bitmap) handles graphics files within the Microsoft Windows OS. Typically, BMP files are uncompressed, hence they are large; the advantage is their simplicity and wide acceptance in Windows programs.
The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or simply a bitmap, is a faster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems.
The BMP file format is capable of storing 2D digital images of arbitrary width, height, and resolution, both monochrome and color, in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles.
The TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format is a flexible format that normally saves 8 bits or 16 bits per color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and 48-bit totals, respectively, usually using either the TIFF or TIF filename extension. TIFF's flexibility can be both an advantage and disadvantage, since a reader that reads every type of TIFF file does not exist[citation needed]. TIFFs can be lossy and lossless; some offer relatively good lossless compression for bi-level (black&white) images. Some digital cameras can save in TIFF format, using the LZW compression algorithm for lossless storage. TIFF image format is not widely supported by web browsers. TIFF remains widely accepted as a photograph file standard in the printing business. TIFF can handle device-specific color spaces, such as the CMYK defined by a particular set of printing press inks. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software packages commonly generate some (often monochromatic) form of TIFF image for scanned text pages.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256 colors. This makes the GIF format suitable for storing graphics with relatively few colors such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos and cartoon style images. The GIF format supports animation and is still widely used to provide image animation effects. It also uses a lossless compression that is more effective when large areas have a single color, and ineffective for detailed images or dithered images.
Short for Graphics Interchange Format, another of the graphics formats supported by the Web. Unlike JPG, the GIF format is a lossless compression technique and it supports only 256 colors. GIF is better than JPG for images with only a few distinct colors, such as line drawings, black and white images and small text that is only a few pixels high. With an animation editor, GIF images can be put together for animated images. GIF also supports transparency, where the background color can be set to transparent in order to let the color on the underlying Web page to show through. The compression algorithm used in the GIF format is owned by Unisys, and companies that use the algorithm are supposed to license the use from Unisys.*
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method; JPEG-compressed images are usually stored in the JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format) file format. The JPEG/JFIF filename extension is JPG or JPEG. Nearly every digital camera can save images in the JPEG/JFIF format, which supports 8-bit grayscale images and 24-bit color images (8 bits each for red, green, and blue). JPEG applies lossy compression to images, which can result in a significant reduction of the file size. The amount of compression can be specified, and the amount of compression affects the visual quality of the result. When not too great, the compression does not noticeably or detract from the image's quality, but JPEG files suffer generational degradation when repeatedly edited and saved. (JPEG also provides lossless image storage, but the lossless version is not widely supported.)
Short for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the committee that wrote the standard. JPG is one of the image file formats supported on the Web. JPG is a lossy compression technique that is designed to compress color and grayscale continuous-tone images. The information that is discarded in the compression is information that the human eye cannot detect. JPG images support 16 million colors and are best suited for photographs and complex graphics. The user typically has to compromise on either the quality of the image or the size of the file. JPG does not work well on line drawings, lettering or simple graphics because there is not a lot of the image that can be thrown out in the lossy process, so the image loses clarity and sharpness.
The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format was created as the free, open-source successor to GIF. The PNG file format supports 8 bit paletted images (with optional transparency for all palette colors) and 24 bit truecolor (16 million colors) or 48 bit truecolor with and without alpha channel - while GIF supports only 256 colors and a single transparent color. Compared to JPEG, PNG excels when the image has large, uniformly colored areas. Thus lossless PNG format is best suited for pictures still under edition - and the lossy formats, like JPEG, are best for the final distribution of photographic images, because in this case JPG files are usually smaller than PNG files. The Adam7-interlacing allows an early preview, even when only a small percentage of the image data has been transmitted.
designed as a replacement for the GIF format in order to avoid infringement of Unisys' patent on the LZW compression technique.
Short for Portable Network Graphics, the third graphics standard supported by the Web (though not supported by all browsers). PNG was developed as a patent-free answer to the GIF format but is also an improvement on the GIF technique. An image in a lossless PNG file can be 5%-25% more compressed than a GIF file of the same image. PNG builds on the idea of transparency in GIF images and allows the control of the degree of transparency, known as opacity. Saving, restoring and re-saving a PNG image will not degrade its quality. PNG does not support animation like GIF does.
*Unisys announced in 1995 that it would require people to pay licensing fees in order to use GIF. This does not mean that anyone who creates or uses a GIF image has to pay for it. Authors writing programs that output GIF images are subject to licensing fees.
http://libmng.com
Multiple-image Network Graphics is a graphics file format, published in 2001, for animated images. Its specification is publicly documented and there are free software reference implementations available.
A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor.
Note the difference between animation and video. Whereas video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames, animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion.
A type of GIF image that can be animated by combining several images into a single GIF file. Applications that support the animated GIF standard, GIF89A, cycle through each image. GIF animation doesn't give the same level of control and flexibility as other animation formats but it has become extremely popular because it is supported by nearly all Web browsers. In addition, animated GIF files tend to be quite a bit smaller that other animation files, such as Java applets.
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Imagine a guy playing your favorite song on a keyboard. By pressing the keys, he's "telling" the keyboard what notes to play and how long to play them.
Now imagine the guy being replaced by a computer. The computer sends signals to the keyboard that tell it what notes to play and how long to play them. These are MIDI signals.
Now imagine the keyboard being replaced by your computer's sound card. When playing MIDI, a sound card is acting like a little keyboard in your computer. The MIDI file is "telling" it what to play.
Now imagine someone taking the guy's keyboard away and replacing it with a different model. This new one might have a better or worse sound than the first one. Likewise, a MIDI file will sound a little bit different when played on another person's sound card. It just depends on what kind of card he or she has.
MIDI isn't music
MIDI doesn't contain any actual sounds
MIDI isn't a digital music file format like MP3 or WAV
that provides details about the electrical signals that control which musical note is to be played, when, what instrument and all the details so a music synthesizer or software instrument can decode the messages and make the right sounds.
MIDI files are tiny, often 10K or less. They download from a web page in no time
A MIDI file is a representation of a sound includes values for the note's pitch, length, and volume.
Because they sound a little different when played on different sound cards, there is no guarantee that those lush horns won't sound like blaring trumpets o
Waveform Audio File Format
Short for Audio Interchange File Format, a common format for storing and transmitting sampled sound. The format was developed by Apple Computer and is the standard audio format for Macintosh computers. It is also used by Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI). AIFF files generally end with a .AIF or .IEF extension.
The AIFF format does not support data compression so AIFF files tend to be large. However, there is another format called AIFF-Compressed (AIFF-C or AIFC) that supports compression ratios as high as 6:1.
A format developed by Microsoft Corporation for storing video and audio information.
AVI files are limited to 320 x 240 resolution, and 30 frames per second, neither of which is adequate for full-screen, full-motion video. However, Video for Windows does not require any special hardware,
MPEG algorithms compress data to form small bits that can be easily transmitted and then decompressed.
MPEG-1: The most common implementations of the MPEG-1 standard provide a video resolution of 352-by-240 at 30 frames per second (fps). This produces video quality slightly below the quality of conventional VCR videos. MPEG-2: Offers resolutions of 720x480 and 1280x720 at 60 fps, with full CD-quality audio. This is sufficient for all the major TV standards, including NTSC, and even HDTV. MPEG-2 is used by DVD-ROMs. MPEG-2 can compress a 2 hour video into a few gigabytes. While decompressing an MPEG-2 data stream requires only modest computing power, encoding video in MPEG-2 format requires significantly more processing power. MPEG-3: Was designed for HDTV but was abandoned in place of using MPEG-2 for HDTV. MPEG-4: A graphics and video compression algorithm standard that is based on MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and Apple QuickTime technology. Wavelet-based MPEG-4 files are smaller than JPEG or QuickTime files, so they are designed to transmit video and images over a narrower bandwidth and can mix video with text, graphics and 2-D and 3-D animation layers. MPEG-4 was standardized in October 1998 in the ISO/IEC document 14496