Diuretics work by inhibiting epithelial transport in the kidneys which prevents reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water back into the bloodstream from urine in the nephron tubules, causing increased excretion of water and electrolytes in the urine. There are three main categories of diuretic mechanisms - inhibitors of the Na-K-2Cl symport, Na-Cl symport, and Na channels, with examples like furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride listed respectively. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists like spironolactone are also diuretics that conserve potassium.
The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and below the diaphragm
The nephron consists of a tubule closed at one end, the other end opening into a collecting tubule
Continuing from the glomerular capsule the remainder of the nephron is about 3 cm long and is described in three parts:
the proximal convoluted tubule
the medullary loop (loop of Henle)
the distal convoluted tubule, leading into a collecting duct
High efficacy diuretics (Inhibitors of Na-+K+-2Cl¯ cotransport)
Sulphamoyl derivatives : Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torasemide
2. Medium efficacy diuretics (Inhibitors of Na+-Cl¯ symport)
Benzothiadiazines (thiazides) Hydrochlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide like (related heterocyclics) Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Xipamide, Indapamide, Clopamide
3. Weak or adjunctive diuretics
(a) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : Acetazolamide
(b) Potassium sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone, Eplerenone
Inhibitors of renal epithelial Na+ channel: Triamterene, Amiloride.
(c) Osmotic diuretics :Mannitol, Isosorbide, Glycerol
Excellent study aid for medical students, nursing students, pharmacy students, and university students. Use as an adjunct with your lectures or primary book!
The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and below the diaphragm
The nephron consists of a tubule closed at one end, the other end opening into a collecting tubule
Continuing from the glomerular capsule the remainder of the nephron is about 3 cm long and is described in three parts:
the proximal convoluted tubule
the medullary loop (loop of Henle)
the distal convoluted tubule, leading into a collecting duct
High efficacy diuretics (Inhibitors of Na-+K+-2Cl¯ cotransport)
Sulphamoyl derivatives : Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torasemide
2. Medium efficacy diuretics (Inhibitors of Na+-Cl¯ symport)
Benzothiadiazines (thiazides) Hydrochlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide like (related heterocyclics) Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Xipamide, Indapamide, Clopamide
3. Weak or adjunctive diuretics
(a) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : Acetazolamide
(b) Potassium sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone, Eplerenone
Inhibitors of renal epithelial Na+ channel: Triamterene, Amiloride.
(c) Osmotic diuretics :Mannitol, Isosorbide, Glycerol
Excellent study aid for medical students, nursing students, pharmacy students, and university students. Use as an adjunct with your lectures or primary book!
classification, mechanism of action, complication and uses of diuretics. Diagramatic representation of the mechanism of various ions reabsorption in nephron
Any substance that promotes the production of urine
All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies
Alternatively, an antidiuretic such as vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone.
Diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, water poisoning, and certain kidney diseases
Diuretics are substances whose administration increases urine production. Practical definition of a diuretic is a drug which increases the renal excretion of salt and water.
I created this slide to help summarise the main concepts from topic on Renal Diuretics.
This PPT covers drugs used as diuretics. Pharmacotherapy of all drugs used as diuretics are covered here. Thiazides, high ceiling, aldosterone antagonist, osmotic diuretics are explained
In this presentation, mainly I concentrated on Hydrochlorothiazide, which is a thiazide diuretic; and talking about it's pharmacokinetics, drug indication, contraindication, adverse drug reactions and taking the drug during pregnancy and lactation, finally I hope you enjoy it as much as I DID, SALAAM.
the detail study of diuretics which include their drugs, use,classification of diuretics, side effect, mechanism of action, metabolism, synthesis etc. this all things are cover in this presentation.
What is diuretics . Moa of action , types, classification ,uses ,ADR, side effects all are discusssed
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way.
classification, mechanism of action, complication and uses of diuretics. Diagramatic representation of the mechanism of various ions reabsorption in nephron
Any substance that promotes the production of urine
All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies
Alternatively, an antidiuretic such as vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone.
Diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, water poisoning, and certain kidney diseases
Diuretics are substances whose administration increases urine production. Practical definition of a diuretic is a drug which increases the renal excretion of salt and water.
I created this slide to help summarise the main concepts from topic on Renal Diuretics.
This PPT covers drugs used as diuretics. Pharmacotherapy of all drugs used as diuretics are covered here. Thiazides, high ceiling, aldosterone antagonist, osmotic diuretics are explained
In this presentation, mainly I concentrated on Hydrochlorothiazide, which is a thiazide diuretic; and talking about it's pharmacokinetics, drug indication, contraindication, adverse drug reactions and taking the drug during pregnancy and lactation, finally I hope you enjoy it as much as I DID, SALAAM.
the detail study of diuretics which include their drugs, use,classification of diuretics, side effect, mechanism of action, metabolism, synthesis etc. this all things are cover in this presentation.
What is diuretics . Moa of action , types, classification ,uses ,ADR, side effects all are discusssed
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way.
Diuretics
Pharmacology
Katzung
Abnormalities in fluid volume and electrolyte composition are common and important clinical disorders. Drugs that block specific transport functions of the renal tubules are valuable clinical tools in the treatment of these disorders. Although various agents that increase urine volume (diuretics) have been described since antiquity, it was not until 1937 that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were first described and not until 1957 that a much more useful and powerful diuretic agent (chlorothiazide) became available. Technically, a “diuretic” is an agent that increases urine volume, whereas a “natriuretic” causes an increase in renal sodium excretion and an “aquaretic” increases excretion of solute-free water. Because natriuretics almost always also increase water excretion, they are usually called diuretics. Osmotic diuretics and antidiuretic hormone antagonists (see Agents That Alter Water Excretion) are aquaretics that are not directly natriuretic.
ARBs (Angiotensin receptor blockers) are the most widely used anti hypertensive throughout the world. A solid knowledge related to ARB will make our practice more patients friendly & benefit will be maximum.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
