CNC machines use different types of keys on their control panels to perform various operations. There are three main types of keys: address and numeric keys for typing codes and numbers, function keys for tasks like checking positions and viewing programs, and mode keys to switch between operating modes. Address keys include letters, numbers, and special keys like enter, cancel, delete, insert, and alter. Function keys provide functions like checking positions, viewing programs, offsets, system files, and graphing tool paths. Mode keys switch the CNC machine between different operating modes.