This document discusses various female reproductive system conditions and disorders including: 1. Transverse vaginal septums, vaginal agenesis, labial hypoplasia/hypertrophy, uterine anomalies like bicornuate and unicornuate uteri, and hymen abnormalities like imperforate, microperforate, and septate hymens. 2. Dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, pelvic inflammatory disease affecting the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries. 3. Ovarian conditions like cysts, hyperstimulation syndrome, torsion and oophoritis.

1. By shahini prajapati

2.  Transverse vaginal septum: a TVS is a
horizontal “wall” that has formed during
embryologic development & essentially creates
blockage of the vagina.

3.  Vaginal agencies: vaginal agencies or absence
of vagina, is a congenital disorder of female
reproductive tract.

4.  Agencies of lower vagina: a women can be
born without lower vagina.

5.  Labial hypoplasia: in which one or both labia
may not develop properly.
 Labia hypertrophy: one or both labia grow in
larger sizes.

6.  Bicornuate uterus or Uterine duplication: the
uterus forms as two tubes & comes to midline
& forms as one.

7.  Unicornuate uterus :it is one half of a uterus
that frms with a cervix & is usually connected
to the vagina.

8.  Imperforate hymen: when no hymenal
opening is present, a membrane covers the area
of hymen called imperforate hymen.

9.  Micro perforate hymen: it is essentially an
imperforate hymen with a very small hole
within it.
 Septate hymen: a septate hymen refers to band
of extra hymenal tissue running vertically in
the area of normal hymen.

10.  Cervical agencies: born without cervix

11.  Cervical duplication: Cervical duplication is a
rare genetic condition in which a girl is born
with two cervices.

12.  Definition: It is a menstrual condition
characterized by severe & frequent menstrual
cramps & pain associated with menstruation.
 TYPES OF DYSMENORRHEA:
 Primary dysmenorrhea : begin soon after a pre-
teen or teen starts having periods . Caused by
abdominal uterine contractions. symptoms may
include backache, leg pain, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, headache, dizziness. Risk factors may
include: early menarche(<12 year), nulliparity,
heavy & prolonged menstrual flow, smoking &
obesity.

13.  Secondary dysmenorrhea: it has a certain cause
other than menstruation & natural production
of prostaglandins. It is caused by medical
condition such as endometriosis, adenomyosis,
pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids,
cervical narrowing, uterine malposition, tubo-
ovarian abscess, ovarian torsion, ovarian cysts,
pelvic tumors or IUD. Condition occurs mostly
in older women.

14.  Definition: Amenorrhea is a medical term used
for the absence for menstrual periods, either on
a permanent or temporary basis in a women of
reproductive age.
 CLASSIFICATION OF AMENORRHEA:
 Primary amenorrhea:
 Secondary amenorrhea:

15.  Mainly 4 types of causes:
 Hypothalamic causes
 Pituitary causes
 Ovarian causes
 Functional causes

16.  Definition: Pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) or pre
menstrual tension(PMT) is a combination of
physical, psychological, emotional & mood
disturbance that occur after a woman’s ovulation
& typically ending with the onset of her menstrual
flow.
 A severe form of pre menstrual syndrome is
known as pre menstrual dysphoric disorder
(PMDD).

17.  MENORRHAGIA: menorrhagia is characterized by heavy
& prolonged menstrual bleeding.
 Causes:
 Hormonal imbalance
 Dysfunction of ovary
 Uterine fibroids
 Polyp
 Adenomyosis
 IUD
 Cancer
 Inherited bleeding
 Medicine
 Other medical condition

18.  Medical management:
 Iron supplements
 NSAID
 Oral contraceptives
 Oral progesterone
 Hormonal IUD
 Surgical management:
 Dilatation & curettage
 Operative hysteroscopy
 Endometrial ablation
 Endometrial resection
 hysterectomy

19.  METRORRGGIA: it is a type of uterine
bleeding diagnosed when menstruation occurs
at irregular intervals.

20.  Definition : PID is referred to infection &
inflammation of uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries
& other reproductive organs.
 Uterus (endometritis)
 Fallopian tube (salpingitis)
 Ovary (oophoritis)

21.  Uterus(endometritis)

22.  Cervix(cervicitis)

23.  Fallopian tube(salpingitis)

24.  OVARIAN CYSTS: ovarian cysts are small
fluid filled sacs that develop in women’s
ovaries.

25.  OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION
SYNDROME: Ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome is an exaggerated response to excess
hormones. It usually occurs in women taking
injectable hormone medications to stimulate
the development of eggs in
the ovaries. Ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome (OHSS) causes the ovaries to swell
and become painful.

26.  OVARIAN TORSION: Ovarian torsion is a
condition that occurs when an ovary twists
around the ligaments that hold it in place.
 This twisting can cut off blood flow to
the ovary and fallopian tube.
 Ovarian torsion can cause severe pain and
other symptoms because the ovary is not
receiving enough blood.

27. Ovarian torsion:

28.  OOPHORITIS: Oophoritis is an inflammation
of the ovaries.
 It is often seen in combination with salpingitis
(inflammation of the fallopian tubes). It may
develop in response to infection.

29.  SALPINGITIS: Salpingitis is inflammation of
the fallopian tubes, caused by bacterial
infection.
 Common causes of salpingitis include sexually
transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and
chlamydia.
 Salpingitis is a common cause of female
infertility because it can damage the fallopian
tube. Treatment options include antibiotics.

30. Salpingitis

31.  HEMATOSALPINX: hematosalpinx refers to
intraluminal blood within the Fallopian tube
(often dilated).

32.  HYDROSALPINX: hydrosalpinx is a distally
blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or
clear fluid.

33.  ENDOMETRIOSIS: it is abnormal growth of
endometrial cells outside the uterus most
commonly on ovaries.
 Normally leads to infertility.

34.  ENDOMETRIAL POLYP: endometrial polyp
or uterine polyp are growths attached to inner
wall of uterus & protruding into uterine cavity.

35.  CERVICAL POLYP: Cervical polyps are
growths on the cervical canal, the passage that
connects the uterus to the vagina. They're often
reddish, purplish, or grayish in color.

36.  Definition: This are abnormal growth or
benign tumors that originate in the tissue of
uterus.
 Also referred as leiomyomas, leiomyomata,
myomas.
 Fibroids shrink after menopause when your
body stops producing large amount of
estrogen.

37. Uterine fibroids

38.  Surgical management:
 Hysterectomy
 Myomectomy
 Myolysis
 Endometrial ablation
 Uterine artery embolization

39.  Definition: it is a condition in which a woman’s
uterus sags or slips out of its normal position.
 occurs when pelvic floor muscles and
ligaments stretch and weaken and no longer
provide enough support for the uterus.

40.  Types:
 First degree
 Second degree
 Third degree

41.  Surgical management:
 Hysterectomy
 Colpocleisis
 Sacro-hysteropexy
 Uterine suspension

42.  RECTOCELE: A rectocele is a herniation
(bulge) of the front wall of the rectum into the
back wall of the vagina.

43.  CYSTOCELE: A cystocele, also known as a
prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in
which a woman's bladder bulges into her
vagina.

44.  VAGINITIS: Vaginitis is an inflammation of
the vagina that can result in discharge, itching
and pain.

46.  Vesicovaginal fistula: A vesicovaginal
fistula is an opening that develops between the
bladder and the wall of the vagina.
 The result is that urine leaks out of the vagina,
sometimes lightly but it can be steady if
the fistula is large.

47. Vesicovaginal fistula

48.  Rectovaginal fistula: A rectovaginal fistula is
an abnormal connection between the lower
portion of your large intestine( rectum ) &
vagina.
 Bowel contents can leak through the fistula,
allowing gas or stool to pass through your
vagina.

49. Recto vaginal fistula:

50.  Definition: A fluid-filled swelling (cyst) in the
Bartholin's glands, which lubricate the vagina.

51.  MASTITIS: Mastitis is an inflammation of
breast tissue that sometimes involves an
infection.
 The inflammation results in breast pain,
swelling, warmth and redness. You might also
have fever and chills. Mastitis most commonly
affects women who are breast-
feeding(lactation mastitis).

52.  BREST CYCTS: A fluid-filled sac in the breast
which usually isn't cancerous.

53.  Definition: A cancer that forms in the cells of
the breasts.
 Mostly occur at upper outer quadrant ,where
most breast tissue is located.

55.  Forms & types of breast cancer:
 Invasive ductal carcinoma
 Invasive lobular carcinoma
 Medullary, mucinous, tubular carcinoma
 Paget’s disease
 Inflammatory carcinoma
 Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)
 Lobular carcinoma in situ(LCIS)

56.  MANAGEMENT:
 A) surgical management:
 1) Mastectomy :
 Total or simple mastectomy
 Radical mastectomy
 Modified radical mastectomy(MRM)
 2) lymph node dissection:
 3) breast sparing surgery:
 4) prophylactic ovary removal:
 5) cryotherapy
 6) brest reconstructive surgery:

57.  B) radiation therapy:
 C) Chemotherapy
 D) Hormone therapy
 E) Bio therapy

58.  Definition: A natural decline in reproductive
hormones when a woman reaches her 40s or
50s.
 Menopause is signalled by 12 months since last
menstruation.
 Common symptoms include hot flashes and
vaginal dryness.

59.  Definition: TSS is a potentially fatal, flu like
disease caused by toxins produced by common
strain of bacteria that spread to blood stream.
 Causative Organism:
 Staphylococcus Aureus
 Streptococcus Pyogenes

60.  Abortion is termination of pregnancy by
removal or expulsion of fetus from uterus or
embryo, caused by its death.

61.  FEMALE INFERTILITY: Infertility means not
being able to get pregnant after at least one
year of unprotected intercourse.
 CONTRACEPTION: The deliberate use of
artificial methods or other techniques to
prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual
intercourse.