The document discusses the molecular mechanisms of autoimmunity, including molecular mimicry, superantigens, epitope spreading, inappropriate MHC expression, polyclonal B cell activation by viruses and bacteria, and cytokine dysregulation. It also covers genes associated with autoimmunity, environmental factors like drugs and toxins, and sex differences in autoimmune diseases.

2. Immune recognition and injury of self tissues (autoimmunity) results from a loss of self tolerance. Definition

4. Causes of Autoimmunity

8. Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity

9. Cross-Reactivity Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity

11. Molecular mimicry- model in IDDM Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity

17. Immune dysregulation A defect in any arm of the immune system can trigger autoimmunity Complement T cells B cells

21. Th1/Th2 immune response

22. Cytokine Dysregulation in Autoimmunity CD = Crohn’s Disease

28. H LA testing in diseases

29. HLA association with IDDM in Bulgarian population

30. HLA association with MS and JCA in Bulgarian population

31. Вероятен молекулен модел за автоимунна болест  - верига  - верига 57-58 3-ти HVR: 70-74

32. Exceptions to the Rule – Simple Genetic Autoimmune Illnesses Failure of apoptotic death of self reactive T or B cells FAS, FASL ALPS (autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome ) Decreased generation of Tregs FOXP3 IPEX (Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) Decreased expression of self-antigens in the thymus, resulting is a defect in negative selection AIRE APS-1 (Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1) Mechanism Gene Disease

38. Estrogens and Autoimmunity

39. Nature Immunology 2 , 777 - 780 (2001) Sex differences in autoimmunity

40. Pathogenetic mechanisms of Autoimmune diseases

52. Pathogenesis of SLE

60. Examples of Organ Specific Lungs of a patient with Goodpasture’s Vitiligo Hashimoto’s disease (thyroiditis)

61. Examples of Systemic Autoimmunity SLE