The document discusses disasters, their causes and effects, and disaster management. It provides definitions of disasters and classifications of different disaster types including water/climate, geological, biological/nuclear, and accidental disasters. Major disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, droughts, and cyclones are described. Disaster management aims to minimize hazards and their impacts through preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Weaknesses in current management and future threats are also noted.

2. ABSTRACT
 The types of disaster ,its effects and its management
are reviewed in this presentation.
 Moreover weakness of the disaster management and
the expected disaster are also quoted.

3. INTRODUCTION
Climatic changes and activities of human is likely to
make the matter worse in some areas.
The present status of the world are forced to face the
changes of the earth known as disaster.
The activity of planning, preventing and
managing the disaster is called “Disaster
Management”.

4. DISASTER : DEFINITION
 It comes from astrological theme which are used to
refer destruction or reconstruction of stars.
 Disaster-a serious disruption, occurring over a
relatively short time, calamity or grave occurrence in
any area arising from nature or any man made
causes.
 A disaster is something very bad that happens to
people and almost always changes their lives
completely.

5. CLASSIFICATION
 WATER AND CLIMATIC DISASTER:
Floods,cyclones,hailstroms,cloudburst,heat
and cold waves, thunder and lightening.
 GEOLOGICAL DISASTER :
Landslides,earthquakes,minefires,dam
failure and general fires, volcanic eruptions
 BIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR DISASTER:
Chemical and industrial disaster, nuclear
accidents.
 ACCIDENTAL DISASTER:
Urban and forests fires,oilspill,bomb blasts,
mine flooding incidents.

6. MAJOR DISASTERS
 EARTHQUAKES:
The shaking of the earth’s surface caused by rapid
movement of the earth’s crust or outer layer.
The position of the different continents and oceans
has changed a number of times in the earth’s history.
 TSUNAMI:
Massive sea waves that are mainly caused due to
earthquakes in the ocean floor or possibly due to an undersea
landslide or volcanic eruption.(e.g.)tsunami of December 2004
 FLOODS:
Occur due to heavy rainfall within a short duration of
time in a particular region which causes the rivers and streams
to overflow.

7. MAJOR DISASTERS Contd..
 DROUGHTS:
Drought refers to the lack or insufficiency of rain
for an extended period of time in a specific region.
About 50 crore people are affected annually by
drought.
CYCLONES:
Generated in the seas and oceans and move with a
very high speed towards the land. (e.g.)Karnataka, Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West
Bengal.
 LANDSLIDES:
Refer to a rapid down-slope movement of rocks or soil
mass under the force of gravity.
It is also known as slope failure and mass wasting.

8. CAUSES AND EFFECTS
Causes:
 Human error and carelessness
 Nuclear disasters
 Sewage overflow
 Toxic fumes
 War
 Water overflows
 Population growth
 Climatic changes
Effects:
 Loss of life
 Injury
 Damage and destruction of property
 Disruption of lifestyle
 National economic losses
 Lack of food, water
 Loss of shelter

9. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
It is an effort to inquire into the process of hazard
turning to disaster to identify its causes.
It is a policy issue concerned with minimizing and
preventing the damaging impact of a natural or
manmade hazard.

10. PROCESS OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

11. WEAKNESSOF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Inadequate early warning system
 Lack of pre-disaster preparedness
 Inadequate and slow relief
 Lack of co-ordination
 Slow rehabilitation and reconstruction
 Poor management of finances for post-disaster relief
 Symbolism rather than relief
 No instruction for Pre-seismic

12. Development of response system
 Preparation of special response team
It includes doctors,paramedics,structural
engineers
 Incident Command System
Most experienced and knowledgeable person
is charged with responsibility of interagency coordination
and management of the incident.
 Standard Operating Procedure
To ensure that all steps taken are put in place
 Trigger Mechanism
Activate the mechanism for response and
mitigation without loss of crucial time.
 Emergency Operation Centre
Function as nerve centres for integrated
command and control structure

13. FUTURE DISASTER

14. New Appropriate Technique -
Drought

15. SUGGESTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DISASTER
MANAGMENT
 A proper multi organizational structure in a focussed and co-ordinated
manner responsible for the overall management at national, state,
districts and village levels.
 The basic design of disaster management should consist of planned co-
ordinated efforts in following important areas:
 Identification and prediction
 Early warning system
 Evacuation
 Relief
 Rescue
 Rehabilitation
 Compensation
 Reconstruction
 Preparedness
 Trained grass road volunteers team
 There is a need to share the expertise and Experiences and also a
personnel training.

16. CONCLUSION
In the recent years the world have made significant
development in the area of disaster management.
A new culture of preparedness, quick response,
strategic thinking and prevention is being taken.
Several efforts need to be taken to work for disaster
management to reduce the effect of disasters.